CN113699491B - Method for preparing tungsten-doped composite coating - Google Patents

Method for preparing tungsten-doped composite coating Download PDF

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CN113699491B
CN113699491B CN202111016279.9A CN202111016279A CN113699491B CN 113699491 B CN113699491 B CN 113699491B CN 202111016279 A CN202111016279 A CN 202111016279A CN 113699491 B CN113699491 B CN 113699491B
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tungsten
carbon steel
explosion
treatment
pulse
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CN113699491A (en
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陆磊
张明铭
余玖明
付青峰
邹晋
廖先金
张林伟
陆德平
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Institute of Applied Physics of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
    • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/48—Ion implantation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of preparation of metal material coatings, and provides a method for preparing a tungsten-doped composite coating. The method comprises the following steps: polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the material after the polishing is 2.5-3.5; the material is treated by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology, the power during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second. According to the application, the tungsten penetrating layer can be formed in the material while the coating is prepared on the surface of the material, so that the composite structure coating is formed, the hardness of the surface of the material is greatly improved compared with that of the material before treatment, and the friction and wear resistance of the surface of the material is obviously improved.

Description

Method for preparing tungsten-doped composite coating
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of preparation of metal material coatings, in particular to a method for preparing a tungsten-doped composite coating.
Background
With the continuous development of technology, the requirements on the wear resistance of parts are also higher and higher. In order to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the component, a coating is typically prepared on the surface of the component, with tungsten being a relatively common material from which the coating is prepared.
Tungsten is a refractory metal with high strength and hardness, while having good chemical stability, and is not susceptible to corrosion, but its expensive price and difficult processing characteristics limit its application, and therefore, tungsten is often used as a coating material to improve the properties of a base material. There are many methods for preparing tungsten coatings, which can be roughly summarized as electroless plating and electroplating, thermal spraying, vapor deposition techniques, and the like. However, tungsten coatings formed by the above techniques have very limited improvements in wear resistance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for preparing a tungsten-doped composite coating, which can prepare the coating on the surface of a material and simultaneously form a tungsten-doped layer in the material so as to form a composite structure coating, so that the surface hardness of the material is greatly improved compared with that of the material before treatment, and the abrasion resistance of the surface of the material is obviously improved.
The application solves the technical problems by adopting the following technical scheme.
The application provides a method for preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating, which comprises the following steps:
polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the material after the polishing is 2.5-3.5; then the material is treated by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology, the power during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second.
The method for preparing the tungsten-impregnated composite coating has at least the following beneficial effects: for convenience of description, the material is described by taking carbon steel as an example, and the material may be an alloy material or a stainless steel material. According to the application, the carbon steel is polished, and the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel is 2.5-3.5, so that metal element atoms can be easily injected into the surface of a carbon steel material when the carbon steel is treated by a pulse explosion-plasma technology, and can be quickly infiltrated into the surface layer of the carbon steel, so that the coating forming speed is higher, the adhesive force between the coating and the carbon steel is better, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is longer.
The mechanism of action of pulse detonation-plasma technology (PDP) is: the pulse explosion-plasma technology has multiple energies (explosion impact mechanical energy, acoustic energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field and the like), tungsten atoms with high energy density impact the carbon steel, the released energy acts on the surface of the carbon steel, tungsten elements form plasma, active tungsten atoms of the plasma are impacted and adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel to generate huge heat energy, and the pulses are overlaid to impact and diffuse into the surface of the carbon steel to generate lattice distortion, so that the chemical composition, the structure and the performance of the surface of the carbon steel are changed. Because the radius of tungsten atoms is large, the tungsten atoms are not easy to permeate, and the tungsten atoms can only generate a coating with a composite structure, so that a three-layer composite structure of a tungsten covering layer, a tungsten permeation layer and a material modification layer is formed, and the composite structure of an outer covering coating, a tungsten element permeation material and a modified structure with nano-scale refined crystal grains on the surface of the material is provided. Thus, the pulse treatment mode is adopted for 2-10 explosion impacts per second, the power of equipment is 12-18kW, and the composite structure coating can be formed. In addition, the action distance between the explosion spray gun and the carbon steel is 40-60mm, if the action distance is long, tungsten atoms are attenuated more, so that the formation of a composite structural coating on the surface of the carbon steel can be influenced, the adsorption of the tungsten atoms on the surface of the carbon steel is reduced, meanwhile, the penetration of the tungsten atoms into the surface layer of the carbon steel is reduced, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is further reduced. In addition, the explosion spray gun is arranged in the action direction of the carbon steel surface, so that the explosion area of the explosion spray gun can better act on the carbon steel, further tungsten atoms can be better adsorbed on the carbon steel surface and better infiltrate into the carbon steel surface layer, and further the wear resistance of the carbon steel is enhanced. In PDP treatment, 12-18kW of power is used because the tungsten-impregnated composite coating can be formed only under the action of high energy and with the treatment distance. Compared with the existing coating, the tungsten-doped composite coating prepared by the embodiment can improve the wear resistance of the material by about 3 times.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a tungsten-impregnated composite coating according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is an electron microscope image of a tungsten-impregnated composite coating according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not specified in the examples, and the process is carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended for production.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 2.5-3.5; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 40-60mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 85-95 degrees.
The mechanism of action of pulse detonation-plasma technology (PDP) is: the pulse explosion-plasma technology has multiple energies (explosion impact mechanical energy, acoustic energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field and the like), tungsten element forms plasma under the action of high voltage, and at the same time, the explosion impact wave impacts active tungsten element atoms on the surface of carbon steel, the carbon steel is impacted by tungsten particles with high energy density, the released energy acts on the surface of the carbon steel to generate huge impact waves, the plasma formed by the tungsten element forms an electric loop with a metal workpiece, and the plasma and the metal workpiece are acted and diffused into the surface of the material by the electric energy with high voltage and high current, so that the chemical composition, the structure and the performance of the surface of the carbon steel are changed, a tungsten coating is formed on the surface of the carbon steel, and a tungsten penetration layer is formed in the surface of the carbon steel, so that a tungsten penetration composite coating is formed on the carbon steel.
Specific operations in pulsed explosion-plasma technology (PDP) processing are:
the PDP equipment is prepared, and comprises a workbench, an explosion spray gun and a high-voltage power supply, wherein a tungsten rod is used as a positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply, and the positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply is connected with the explosion spray gun. The method comprises the following steps of adjusting the positive electrode of a tungsten rod to be arranged at the center of a plasma forming cavity to form plasma under the action of electric high pressure, connecting the inside of a spray gun with a combustible mixed explosion air chamber (adopting multi-channel air supply mixed gas), fixing carbon steel on a workbench, aligning the spray gun with the carbon steel, keeping the distance, and starting equipment. The tungsten element of the tungsten rod forms plasma and burns and explodes gas under the action of high pressure, active tungsten atoms of the plasma are impacted and adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel to form a tungsten coating, and the heat energy and electric field generated by explosion further enable the tungsten atoms to diffuse into the surface layer of the carbon steel to form a tungsten penetration layer, so that a tungsten-seepage composite coating is formed on the carbon steel. The spray gun can move back and forth on the carbon steel in the treatment process, the carbon steel is treated for 2-10 times/second of pulse explosion, the preparation of the tungsten-impregnated composite coating can be realized, the preparation can be completed in a few seconds, and the preparation can be completed at normal temperature and normal pressure, so that the requirement on the operation condition is reduced, the process flow is simpler, and the energy can be saved.
Because the radius of the tungsten atoms is large, the tungsten atoms are not easy to permeate, the composite structure coating can be formed by endowing the tungsten atoms with higher energy, and the formed composite structure coating has better bonding capability with carbon steel and better adhesive force when the power is 12-18kW, so that the composite structure coating has better stability, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is further enhanced. In addition, the vertical acting distance between the explosion spray gun and the carbon steel is 40-60mm, if the acting distance is long, the atom attenuation of tungsten element is more, thus the formation of a composite structural coating on the surface of the carbon steel can be influenced, the adsorption of tungsten element atoms on the surface of the carbon steel is reduced, meanwhile, the infiltration of tungsten element atoms into the surface layer of the carbon steel is reduced, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is further reduced.
In addition, the included angle between the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 85-95 degrees, and under the included angle, the explosion area of the explosion spray gun can better act on the carbon steel, so that tungsten atoms can be better adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel and better permeate into the surface layer of the carbon steel, and the wear resistance of the carbon steel is further enhanced. Preferably 90 degrees, the explosion spray gun is vertical to the surface of the carbon steel, so that energy generated by explosion can vertically act on the carbon steel, tungsten atoms are better impacted and adsorbed on the surface of the carbon steel, and heat energy generated by explosion better diffuses the tungsten atoms into the surface layer of the carbon steel, thereby avoiding energy waste and accelerating the formation of the tungsten-infiltration composite coating. In PDP treatment, 12-18kW of power is used because the tungsten-impregnated composite coating can be formed only under the action of high energy and with the treatment distance. Compared with the existing coating, the tungsten-doped composite coating prepared by the embodiment can improve the wear resistance of carbon steel by about 3 times.
In detail, the gas is a mixed gas of oxygen, nitrogen and propane, wherein the volume ratio of the oxygen, the nitrogen and the propane is (2-7): 3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10-120L/min. The mixed gas is combustible gas, the mixed gas is introduced into the explosion chamber, the mixed gas is exploded under the high pressure condition, the conductive substances of the explosion combustion products are accelerated under the action of aerodynamic force and electric field power to form plasma flow, the tungsten rod motor is heated to provide alloy elements for the plasma, and when the plasma is emitted from the explosion spray gun, tungsten atoms are adsorbed on the surface of carbon steel or permeate into the surface layer of carbon steel. The ratio and flow rate of the mixed gas can influence the explosion energy, when the volume ratio of the gases exceeds the range, the energy generated by the gas explosion is too small, the formed plasma flow has poor combination degree with tungsten element, and then a small amount of tungsten element can only be impacted on the carbon steel through the plasma flow, so that the density of a coating formed on the carbon steel is poor, the coating is easy to fall off, and the protection effect on the carbon steel is poor. In addition, the flow rate of the mixed gas is too low, so that the energy generated during gas explosion is reduced, the quality of the formed coating is poor, even the coating cannot be formed, and the like; the flow rate of the mixed gas is too high, and the energy generated by gas explosion is too large, so that equipment damage and the like can be caused. Therefore, under the condition of the embodiment, the energy generated by the method can better prepare the coating on the surface of the carbon steel, and meanwhile, the stability of the coating can be improved.
The modified thickness of the surface of the carbon steel in the embodiment is 40-70 mu m, wherein the covering thickness of tungsten element on the surface of the material is 1-10 mu m, and the infiltration thickness of tungsten element in the material is 1-5 mu m. The preparation method of the embodiment forms a three-layer composite structure of the tungsten coating layer, the tungsten penetrating layer and the modified layer on the carbon steel, so that the carbon steel has a composite structure of an outer coating layer, a tungsten element penetrating material and a modified structure with nano-scale refined crystal grains on the surface of the material, thereby enhancing the hardness of the carbon steel and improving the wear-resistant friction performance of the carbon steel. In detail, the thickness of the three-layer composite structure is set because the coating layer has better protection effect on the carbon steel and better bonding strength with the carbon steel at the same time.
The features and capabilities of the present application are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 2.5; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 12kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 40mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 2 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 85 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 2:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10L/min.
Example 2
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 3.5; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 60mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 10 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 95 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 7:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 120L/min.
Example 3
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 3; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 15kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 50mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 5 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 90 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 5:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 50L/min.
Example 4
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 3.2; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 16kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 55mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 8 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 89 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 3:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 80L/min.
Example 5
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 2.7; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 13kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 45mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 4 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 86 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 4:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 100L/min.
Example 6
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 2.9; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 14kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 48mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 7 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 89 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane is 6:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 30L/min.
Example 7
A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the carbon steel, wherein the roughness of the surface of the carbon steel after the polishing is 3.3; then fixing the carbon steel, treating the carbon steel by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, wherein a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment, the power during the pulse explosion-plasma technology treatment is 17kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel is 57mm, the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 3 times/second, and the action direction of the explosion spray gun and the surface of the carbon steel form an included angle of 92 degrees.
In this example, the volume ratio of oxygen, nitrogen and propane was 4.5:3:1, the flow rate of the mixed gas is 60L/min.
Test results
Taking carbon steel of examples 1-7 for detection, taking common carbon steel as a control group, measuring the wear resistance of the carbon steel by adopting a ball disc abrasion mode under the condition of not adding a lubricant, adopting three zirconia balls with the diameter of 6mm or steel balls of GCr15, carrying out friction and wear tests under the conditions of loading force 150N, abrasion time 90min and rotating speed 200r/min, and measuring the friction and wear resistance by using abrasion quality and abrasion mark width, wherein the larger the abrasion quality is, the wider the abrasion mark width is, the worse the friction and wear resistance of the carbon steel is, and the specific results are as follows:
table 1 results statistics
As can be seen from Table 1, the carbon steels of examples 1 to 7 were less in wear quality and narrower in width of the grinding marks, and therefore the carbon steels obtained in examples 1 to 7 were better in abrasion resistance, as compared with the control group. Examples 1-6 compared to example 7, the carbon steel of example 7 has the least abrasion mass and the narrowest width of the abrasion mark, so the carbon steel of example 7 has the best abrasion resistance. It is clear from this that the tungsten-impregnated composite coating prepared on carbon steel has a better protective effect on carbon steel, i.e. better abrasion resistance of carbon steel, under the operating steps and conditions of example 7.
In summary, in the method for preparing the tungsten-impregnated composite coating according to the embodiment of the application, when the pulse type explosion-plasma technology (PDP) is adopted to treat carbon steel, multiple energies (such as explosion impact mechanical energy, acoustic energy, electric energy, plasma, electric field, etc.) are generated, the active tungsten atoms are impacted to the surface of the material by the explosion impact wave, the carbon steel is impacted by the tungsten particles with high energy density, the released energy acts on the surface of the material to generate huge impact energy, and the plasma formed by the tungsten elements and the metal workpiece form an electric loop, and the electric energy with high voltage and high current acts and diffuses into the surface of the material, so that the chemical composition, the structure and the performance of the surface of the carbon steel are changed. According to the method, a tungsten coating is formed on the surface of the carbon steel, and a tungsten penetration layer can be formed in the carbon steel, so that a tungsten penetration composite coating is formed on the carbon steel, the tungsten penetration composite coating can not only enhance the wear resistance of the carbon steel, but also improve the durability of the wear resistance of the carbon steel, so that the carbon steel is more durable, and even if the tungsten coating is consumed, the tungsten penetration layer protects the carbon steel material from being worn, and further improves the durability of the carbon steel.
Before PDP treatment, the carbon steel is polished to change the surface or shape of the carbon steel, and the surface of the carbon steel obtains a certain cleanliness and different roughness due to the impact and cutting action of the abrasive on the surface of the carbon steel, so that the mechanical property of the surface of the carbon steel is improved, the fatigue resistance of the carbon steel is improved, the adhesive force between the carbon steel and a coating is increased, the durability of the coating is prolonged, and the durability of a tungsten-impregnated composite coating formed on the carbon steel is further improved.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the application. The detailed description of the embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

Claims (6)

1. A method of preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating comprising the steps of:
polishing the material, wherein the roughness of the surface of the material after the polishing is 2.5-3.5; and then the material is treated by adopting a pulse explosion-plasma technology, a tungsten rod is used as an anode electrode during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology, the power during the treatment of the pulse explosion-plasma technology is 12-18kW, the vertical distance between an explosion spray gun and the surface of the material is 40-60mm, and the impact frequency of the pulse explosion treatment is 2-10 times/second.
2. The method for producing a tungsten impregnated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein at the time of pulse explosion, the explosive gas is a mixed gas of oxygen, nitrogen and propane, wherein the volume ratio of the oxygen, the nitrogen and the propane is (2-7): 3:1.
3. the method for preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating according to claim 2, wherein the flow rate of the mixed gas is 10-120L/min.
4. The method of preparing a tungsten impregnated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the modified thickness of the material surface is 40-70 μm.
5. The method for preparing a tungsten-impregnated composite coating according to claim 4, wherein the covering thickness of tungsten element on the surface of the material is 1-10 μm, and the infiltration thickness of tungsten element in the material is 1-5 μm.
6. The method of preparing a tungsten impregnated composite coating according to claim 1, wherein the direction of action of the detonation gun is at an angle of 85-95 ° to the surface of the material.
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CN114875355B (en) * 2022-04-20 2023-08-18 西安致远航空科技有限公司 Preparation process of composite protective coating on surface of die
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