CN108970954A - A kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system and method - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108970954A CN108970954A CN201810941343.6A CN201810941343A CN108970954A CN 108970954 A CN108970954 A CN 108970954A CN 201810941343 A CN201810941343 A CN 201810941343A CN 108970954 A CN108970954 A CN 108970954A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 84
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 38
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation systems, including the first connector, vibration amplitude transformer, the second connector, workpiece fixing axle and control system；Vibration amplitude transformer is equipped with piezoelectric actuator, and the piezoelectric actuator is connect with supersonic generator, and the end that the vibration amplitude transformer is contacted with tool gear is equipped with the first piezoelectric transducer；Three groups of piezo-electric stack actuators being embedded in second connector；There are four the second piezoelectric transducers for installation in workpiece fixing axle；Control system is connect to control whole system work with supersonic generator, the first piezoelectric transducer, the second piezoelectric transducer and piezo-electric stack actuator.Error caused by the method energy Active Compensation many reasons of this system and use system, obtain desired machining locus, the vibration amplitude and phase angle difference in several directions remain setting value, and vibration frequency is locked near intrinsic frequency, improve the surface quality and form accuracy of workpiece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Gear Processing fields, real-time more particularly to a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears
Compensation system and method.
Background technique
In ultrasonic vibration secondary process, machining accuracy is determined by the machining locus stability of cutter, but in ultrasound
Vibration generating arrangement after the predetermined vibration that a direction occurs, can especially generate another when motivating a direction to vibrate
The vibration in direction, for example, the vibration in the direction x occurs for a pair of of piezoelectric actuator excited vibration amplitude transformer of ultrasonic vibration generator
When, the vibration of Y-direction can be especially generated, this is by amplitude transformer in X, and the Y-direction vibration shape, which has some phase angle differences and resonance occurs, to be made
At.Cutter and the deformation after workpiece forced contact in process, the transmission cooperation of each component of lathe, during ultrasonic vibration
The factors such as dry and astringent of different directions vibration cause machining path and deviate predefined paths.After this is to ultrasonic vibration secondary process
The form accuracy of workpiece, surface quality, which causes, to be seriously affected.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to solve above-mentioned technical problem at least to a certain extent.For this purpose, the present invention proposes that a kind of energy improves
The ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system of workpiece surface quality and form accuracy.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process gear is comprehensive to be missed
Poor real-time compensation system, including the first connector, vibration amplitude transformer, the second connector, workpiece fixing axle and control system；Institute
It states the first connector and is provided with the inner cavity that section is polygon, first connector is fixedly connected with the second connector；It is described
Vibration amplitude transformer inserts in the lumen and can deliver torque to the first connector, the vibration end of the amplitude transformer far from inner cavity
For installing tool gear, the vibration amplitude transformer is equipped with piezoelectric actuator, and the vibration amplitude transformer can be by piezoelectric actuator
The vibration displacement and speed of generation amplify, and by focuses ultrasonic energy tool gear, and can generate axial direction-bending-torsion
Coupled vibrations, the piezoelectric actuator are connect with supersonic generator, the end that the vibration amplitude transformer is contacted with tool gear
There are four the first piezoelectric transducers in right-angled intersection setting for end installation；It is embedded with and is arranged in a mutually vertical manner in second connector
Three groups of piezo-electric stack actuators；The workpiece fixing axle is opposite with vibration amplitude transformer position, described for installing workpiece gear
Four the second piezoelectric transducers of corresponding first piezoelectric transducer are installed in workpiece fixing axle；The control system and ultrasonic wave
Generator, the first piezoelectric transducer, the second piezoelectric transducer and piezo-electric stack actuator connection are to control whole system work.
Further, the vibration amplitude transformer include the cooperation positioning section set gradually in order, the first actuator construction section,
Third connector construction section, the second actuator construction section, the 4th connector construction section and tool gear construction section；The piezoelectricity
Actuator includes the first piezoelectric actuator and the second piezoelectric actuator；The cooperation positioning section and tool gear construction section are located at vibration
Dynamic amplitude transformer both ends, the cooperation positioning section are connected with intracavity bottom cooperation, and the tool gear construction section is for installing cutter
Gear, first piezoelectric transducer are then mounted on tool gear construction section；The first actuator construction section is equipped with a pair
The first opposite piezoelectric actuator of position, is equipped with third connector between the third connector construction section and interior cavity wall,
The outer ring in third connector section is to connect with the matched polygon in inner cavity, third connector section inner ring with third
Part construction section section is the polygon being mutually matched, and the third connector is fixedly connected with the first connector；Described second causes
Dynamic device construction section is equipped with a pair of second piezoelectric actuator, two first piezoelectric actuators and two the second piezoelectric actuators
Right-angled intersection setting；The 4th connector construction section is provided with the first groove, pacifies between first groove and interior cavity outer wall
Equipped with the 4th connector, the 4th connector is fixedly connected with the first connector, and the outer ring in the 4th connector section is
With the matched polygon in inner cavity, the 4th connector section inner ring be circle, the 4th connector construction section be provided with around
Axis is uniformly distributed and angularly disposed recess hole.
Further, the intracavity section is regular hexagon, third connector section inner ring and the installation of third connector
Section section is octagon, and the third connector is provided with corresponding bolt hole with the first connector to be bolted admittedly
Determine and pre-tighten, the first washer being adapted to is installed between the third connector and third connector construction section, the third connects
Fitting is provided with gap, and the gap is equipped with the second gasket, second gasket one end and the first washer contacts, another
End is contacted with the first connector.
Further, the recess hole is provided with two groups, and there are four every group of recess hole settings and is uniformly distributed around axis, described
First groove and the 4th connector are correspondingly arranged to be arranged there are two and along axis interval.
Further, the node of vibration mode and third connector of the vibration amplitude transformer and the position weight of two the 4th connectors
It closes.
Further, the second actuator construction section to be disposed between the 4th connector construction section extended segment and in
Between shaft part, intermediate shaft part diameter in entirely vibration amplitude transformer is maximum, the 4th connector construction section and tool gear
Be provided with linkage section between construction section, the linkage section outer ring extend curve be Gaussian curve and from the 4th connector construction section to
Tool gear construction section diameter gradually becomes smaller.
The present invention also provides a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation methods, and steps are as follows:
Tool gear and workpiece gear are mounted on lathe by step 1, and the lathe includes that the claims are extremely appointed
Ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system, i.e., be mounted on vibration luffing for tool gear described in one
The end of bar enables tool gear to vibrate jointly with vibration amplitude transformer, workpiece gear is mounted on workpiece fixing axle, with to be added
Work；
Step 2 starts supersonic generator while controlling cutter working table movement, drives corresponding piezoelectric actuator
Work vibrates vibration amplitude transformer accordingly, and vibration amplitude transformer will be transferred to tool gear after vibration amplification, makes cutter
Gear and workpiece are realizing that part-time is processed and what part-time was non-processing follows the bad period within a vibration period；
The real-time tangential vibrations of step 3, the vibration amplitude transformer that control system is acquired according to the first piezoelectric transducer are displaced,
Calculate voltage needed for corresponding tangential piezo-electric stack actuator compensates the vibration displacement；Meanwhile according to the second piezoelectric sensing
The real-time displacement deviation of the workpiece gear of device acquisition, the piezo-electric stack actuator for calculating three directions compensate the offset deviation institute
The voltage needed；
Step 4, by be in step 3 compensation vibration amplitude transformer real-time tangential vibrations displacement generate voltage, be compensation
The voltage that the real-time displacement deviation of workpiece gear generates and the voltage to avoid piezo-electric stack actuator mobile, according to corresponding
Direction is added the voltage for obtaining the piezo-electric stack actuator on three directions；
Step 5, the voltage of the piezo-electric stack actuator in three directions that control system is obtained according to step 4 is to corresponding
The piezo-electric stack actuator in direction presses in real time, so that the second connector is mobile, completes real-time error compensation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: avoiding different in bending, torsion and axial coupling ultrasonic vibration secondary process shake
Interference between type, and energy Active Compensation is due to cutter in process and the deformation after workpiece forced contact, each component of lathe
Transmission cooperation and ultrasonic vibration during different directions vibration the factors such as interference caused by form error, obtain the phase
The track of prestige, the vibration amplitude and phase angle difference in several directions remain setting value, vibration frequency are locked near intrinsic frequency,
The surface quality and form accuracy for improving workpiece, can be used in all kinds of Gear Processings.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the installation structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for vibrating amplitude transformer；
Fig. 3 is the first connector, third connector and the connection schematic diagram for vibrating amplitude transformer；
Fig. 4 is vibration luffing rod twisting disresonance vibration production principle schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to figs. 1 to Fig. 4, a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system of the invention, packet
Include the first connector 1, vibration amplitude transformer 2, the second connector 3, workpiece fixing axle 9 and control system.
First connector 1 is provided with the inner cavity 11 that section is polygon, first connector 1 and the second connector
3 are fixedly connected；First connector, 1 material is potassium steel, and outer ring is regular hexahedron or cylindrical body, the first connector 1 and second
Connector 3 is fixedly connected, and the second connector 3 and machine tool workbench are bolted fixation, machine tool workbench with
The tool gear 261 that screw rod connection, the feeding of machine tool workbench and mobile drive are vibrated in amplitude transformer 2 adds workpiece
Work.First connector 1 is provided with inner cavity 11, and inner cavity 11 extends along its outer ring axis.Vibration amplitude transformer 2 is inserted into inner cavity 11
Interior, axis is overlapped with the axis of 1 outer ring of the first connector or inner cavity 11.The section of inner cavity 11 be polygon, for transmit and
Bear torsional moment, it is preferable that 11 section of inner cavity is regular hexagon, when one timing of external condition can keep its rigidity maximum.
The material of the vibration amplitude transformer 2 uses titanium alloy, and material loss is few in working frequency, and fatigue resistance is high, sound
Unit area impedance is small, can bear biggish vibration velocity and displacement amplitude.The vibration amplitude transformer 2 of stairstepping has at the abrupt change of cross-section
Very big stress is concentrated, and the problem of being broken because of fatigue is easy to happen close at mutation, thus at mutation using Gaussian curve and
Circular arc, cone line transition, can reduce stress lumped values, while make the actual resonance frequency of vibration amplitude transformer 2 close to theoretical value.
The vibration amplitude transformer 2 is inserted into inner cavity 11 and can deliver torque to the first connector 1, the vibration luffing
For installing tool gear 261, the vibration amplitude transformer 2 is equipped with piezoelectric actuator, the pressure for end of the bar 2 far from inner cavity 11
Electric actuator includes the first piezoelectric actuator 4 and the second piezoelectric actuator 6.The vibration amplitude transformer 2 can produce piezoelectric actuator
Raw vibration displacement and speed amplifies, and by focuses ultrasonic energy tool gear 261, and can generate axial direction-bending-torsion
Coupled vibrations, piezoelectric actuator are ultrasonic transducer, the supersonic frequency electric energy that supersonic generator generates can be converted into ultrasonic vibration
Dynamic mechanical energy, supersonic generator are that the device of supersonic frequency electric energy is provided for ultrasonic transducer.
The piezoelectric actuator is connect with supersonic generator, what the vibration amplitude transformer 2 was contacted with tool gear 261
There are four the first piezoelectric transducers in right-angled intersection setting for end installation, for acquiring the displacement data of vibration amplitude transformer 2；I.e.
Two the first piezoelectric transducers are arranged in Y-direction, and, first piezoelectric sensing upward in X is arranged in other two first piezoelectric transducer
Device connect by electric wire with control system, the information that control system the first piezoelectric transducer of reception acquires, by signal processor,
Obtain the amplitude of vibration 2 both direction of amplitude transformer, phase angle difference.
Embedded with three groups of piezo-electric stack actuators being arranged in a mutually vertical manner in second connector 3；Second connector 3 is
Elastomer, piezo-electric stack actuator are contacted by steel ball with the second connector 3.Chip in piezo-electric stack actuator is connected in one
It rises, it is in parallel with electric wire.Totally 3 groups of piezo-electric stack actuator, every group 4, when piezo-electric stack actuator is connected to power supply by electric wire,
Voltage changes, and the displacement of piezo-electric stack actuator changes, so that the second connector 3 is mobile, three groups of piezo-electric stack actuator difference
Error compensation of the corresponding X to, Y-direction and Z-direction, on achievable three directions.
The workpiece fixing axle 9 is opposite with vibration 2 position of amplitude transformer and axis is parallel is staggered, and workpiece fixing axle 9 is for pacifying
Workpiece gear 91 is filled, four the second piezoelectric transducers of corresponding first piezoelectric transducer are installed in the workpiece fixing axle 9, if
It sets in four orientation of workpiece fixing axle 9, for obtaining the offset deviation of workpiece fixing axle；It is provided with two group of second piezoelectricity
Sensor, one group of setting is upward in X, and one group of setting is in Y-direction, and two groups are axially separated by 3-5mm arrangement, and second sensor is logical
Electric wire is crossed to connect with control system, the signal of acquisition by signal processor processes, processed in workpiece fixing axle vibration
Width, phase angle difference.Signal processor includes phase meter, oscillograph and capacitance gage.
The control system and supersonic generator, the first piezoelectric transducer, the second piezoelectric transducer and laminated piezoelectric
Actuator connection is to control whole system work.
The structure of lower mask body introduction vibration amplitude transformer 2.
Vibration amplitude transformer 2 includes that the cooperation positioning section 21, the first actuator construction section 22, third set gradually in order connects
Fitting construction section 23, the second actuator construction section 24, the 4th connector construction section 25 and tool gear construction section 26.First causes
Dynamic device construction section 22, the second actuator construction section 24, the 4th connector construction section 25 and tool gear construction section 26 are in circle
Column.The cooperation positioning section 21 and tool gear construction section 26 are located at vibration 2 both ends of amplitude transformer, and tool gear construction section 26 is used
In installation tool gear 261, tool gear 261 is mounted on the end of tool gear construction section 26, and tool gear 261 is installed
Place is the amplitude maximum of vibration amplitude transformer, and first piezoelectric transducer is then mounted on tool gear construction section 26.It is described to match
It closes positioning section 21 and 11 bottom of inner cavity and cooperates and be connected, it is preferable that 11 bottom of inner cavity is provided with circular groove, at circular groove
Third gasket 12 is installed, 12 outer end of third gasket is provided with cone-shaped groove, and the cooperation positioning section 21 is cone
And matched with cone-shaped groove, the taper of circular cone is 1:12, and the cooperation insertion of positioning section 21 is mounted in cone-shaped groove, and cooperation is fixed
Position section 21 and third gasket 12 are used to transmit and bear axial load, and third gasket material is glass fibre and PET according to sandwich
Layer structure composite forms, and centre is PET, and inside and outside is glass fibre.
The first actuator construction section 22 is specially cylindrical body, and the first actuator construction section 22 is equipped with a pair of of position phase
Pair the first piezoelectric actuator 4, two the first piezoelectric actuators 4 be positioned close to the end of third connector construction section 23 and
Setting is spaced in Y-direction, the first piezoelectric actuator 4 is bolted in the first actuator construction section 22, and first is piezoelectric actuated
Device 4 is for realizing the resonance bending vibration for vibrating amplitude transformer.
Third connector 5, the third connection are installed between the third connector construction section 23 and 11 inner wall of inner cavity
The outer ring in 5 section of part is and the matched polygon in inner cavity 11, the 5 section inner ring of third connector and third connector construction section
23 sections are the polygon being mutually matched, section be it is non-circular, torque can be transmitted.The third connector 5 and the first connector 1
It being fixedly connected, it is preferable that the 5 section inner ring of third connector and 23 section of third connector construction section are octagon, the
The section outer ring of three connectors 5 is regular hexagon.Further, the connection type of third connector and the first connector 1 is preferably,
The third connector 5 is provided with corresponding bolt hole with the first connector 1 to be bolted fixed and pre-tighten, and bolt has
There are three body settings, and the bolt hole of third connector 5 is blind hole, the third connector 5 and third connector construction section 23 it
Between the first washer 8 of adaptation is installed.First washer, 8 section is octagon, by glass fibre and PET according to sandwich of layers knot
Structure is combined, and centre is PET, and inside and outside is glass fibre, with high elastic modulus and has certain lubricating action, is vibrating
During amplitude transformer reversed torsion, it is not likely to produce fatigue rupture.
The third connector 5 is provided with gap, and the gap is equipped with the second gasket 51, second gasket 51
One end is contacted with the first washer 8, and the other end is contacted with the first connector 1, specifically, as shown in figure 3, second gasket 51 is cut
Face shape is spliced on the contrary by two right-angle folding shape blocks directions, and stitching portion has certain circular arc and tilt angle.In this way
When bolt is provided to central pressing power, the close connection between all parts is kept.And second gasket 51 have damping and amortization
Matter, can vibration isolation, i.e., will vibration luffing vibration of bar be isolated with platen, likewise, preventing machine tool mobile station
Vibration interference vibrates luffing vibration of bar.
The second actuator construction section 24 is equipped with a pair of second piezoelectric actuator 6, the second piezoelectric actuator 6 X to
Upper interval setting, vibration of second piezoelectric actuator 6 for realizing the axial resonance of vibration amplitude transformer, two first piezoelectricity
Actuator 4 and two 6 right-angled intersections of the second piezoelectric actuator are arranged, and crosspoint is on axis.Preferably, the third connection
Part construction section 23 and the second actuator construction section 24 form a multi-diameter shaft, first the 22 to the second actuator of actuator construction section peace
Dress 24 diameter of section is sequentially reduced, and the second actuator construction section 24 is arranged at intervals with a pair of for installing the cause of the second piezoelectricity upwards in X
Dynamic device 6 and matching installation groove, after the second piezoelectric actuator 6 installs installation groove, outer ring is provided with circlip 61
It is fixedly clamped, the circlip 61 is provided with step close to the periphery of third connector construction section 23, and the step surface is in positive six face
Body and the second groove that energy Matching installation third connector 5 is formed with third connector construction section 23, such third connector 5 have
A part is mounted on the step of circlip 61, is equivalent to and is fixedly clamped to circlip 61, so that the second piezoelectric actuator 6
It is fixed more firm, and the step of circlip 61 has position-limiting action to third connector 5.
The 4th connector construction section 25 is provided with the first groove 251, first groove 251 and 11 outer wall of inner cavity it
Between the 4th connector 7 is installed, the 4th connector 7 is fixedly connected with the first connector 1,7 section of the 4th connector
Outer ring be with the matched polygon in inner cavity 11, i.e. regular hexagon, be provided with circle between the 4th connector 7 and the first groove 251
Shape washer.Above-mentioned third connector 5, the 4th connector 7, the first washer 8, the second gasket 51, rounded washers and circlip 61 are equal
It is made of the material of high elastic modulus, is clamped by deformation into vibration amplitude transformer 2.
4th connector, the 7 section inner ring is circle, it is preferable that first groove 251 and the 4th connector 7 are corresponding
Setting is arranged there are two and along axis interval.The 4th connector construction section 25, which is provided with, to be uniformly distributed around axis and oblique sets
The recess hole 252 set, the recess hole 252 are provided with two groups, and there are four every group of settings of recess hole 252 and uniformly divides around axis
Cloth.252 length of recess hole is consistent with the length of the 4th connector construction section 25, and the angle of recess hole 252 and axis is 30 degree.
Wherein, the node of vibration mode and third connector 5 of the vibration amplitude transformer 2 and the position weight of two the 4th connectors 7
It closes, tool gear 261 is mounted at the bending vibration amplitude maximum of vibration amplitude transformer end.When installation, third connector 5 and its
In the 4th connector 7 rotate 180 °, differential seat angle is 180 ° between two the 4th connectors 7, is mainly reduced as far as possible
The unbalance dynamic quality as caused by installation connecting element.
In the present embodiment, the junction of different sections is all made of optimal arc transition, and the radius of arc transition is by junction
The size and vibration amplification coefficient of adjacent two sections of cross sections determine.In order to the vibrational energy at tool gear reach good effect with
And guarantee the transmitting of axial vibration as far as possible, between the 24 to the 4th connector construction section 25 of the second actuator construction section successively
It is provided with extended segment 27 and intermediate shaft part 28, the intermediate shaft part 28 diameter in entirely vibration amplitude transformer is maximum, extended segment 27
It is adjusted with the length of intermediate shaft part 28 with specific reference to actual demand.When bearing alternating force, part power becomes driving vibration
Width bar 2 does twist motion, and due to 252 structure of recess hole, the torsion stiffness of the 4th connector construction section 25 has narrowed down to extended segment
The 1/8 of 27 torsion stiffness is hereinafter, help to create twisting vibration, while axial rigidity also becomes smaller for generating axial vibration.
Linkage section 29, the linkage section are provided between the 4th connector construction section 25 and tool gear construction section 26
29 outer rings extend curve and are Gaussian curve and gradually become smaller from the 4th connector construction section 25 to 26 diameter of tool gear construction section.
It is mainly used for axial vibration and bending vibration reaching very high vibration velocity, meets each in efficient roughing, finishing
High vibration rate request when class roller gear makes it have faster vibration velocity within certain vibration period, improves work
Part surface quality, including surface roughness and residual stress etc..
First piezoelectric actuator 4 and the second piezoelectric actuator 6 are connect with supersonic generator by electric wire respectively, vibration
Dynamic frequency signal passes through wireless transmitter and wireless receiver transmitting, and is coded and decoded by coding mechanism, and piezoelectricity causes
Dynamic implement body is ultrasonic transducer, and the supersonic frequency electric energy that supersonic generator generates is converted into the mechanical energy of ultrasonic vibration.This
Invention can select the carry out secondary process of three kinds of oscillatory types according to different process requirements, be specifically divided into ultrasonic axial direction-torsion
Turn coupled vibrations, ultrasonic bending-twisted coupling vibration and ultrasound axial direction-bending-twisted coupling vibration.Ultrasonic axial direction-bending-torsion
Turn coupled vibrations for secondary process hyperbola tooth form and screw serrated form roller gear；Ultrasonic axial direction-twisted coupling vibration is used for
Secondary process straight tooth-shaped or oblique tooth-shaped roller gear；Ultrasonic bending-twisted coupling vibration carries out roller gear for secondary process
Correction of the flank shape processing；Relative movement orbit between tool gear 261 and workpiece determines the tooth form of machining cylindrical gear.
X herein is to the up and down direction for the visual angle Fig. 1, i.e. cutting depth direction；Z-direction is to vibrate the axis side of amplitude transformer 2
To i.e. cutting speed direction；Y-direction be it is tangential, X is orthogonal to, Y-direction, Z-direction.
Vibrate amplitude transformer x to second piezoelectric actuator of a pair 6 under the action of, generate axial vibration, and pass through the 4th
Connector construction section 25 amplifies axial amplitude value, and is amplified vibration velocity by linkage section 29, increases axial vibration
In the same horizontal line, the ultrasonic cavitation of generation is more obvious, and cutting fluid can for speed and amplitude, direction and cutting speed
More deep penetrates into its contact position, further decreases the temperature of workpiece and tool contact area, improves workpiece surface quality
And cutter life.
Amplitude transformer is vibrated under the action of the first piezoelectric actuator of a pair 4 that Y-direction is arranged, generates the bending vibration vibration shape,
It is embodied on point of a knife with the direction x, i.e. the depth of cut direction of machining.And by the 4th connector construction section 25 and connection
The amplification of section 29, forms faster x to vibration velocity and amplitude in point of a knife.
Amplitude transformer is vibrated when by cutting force, since the vibration of cutting process causes thickness of cutting variation, is resulted in
The alternating of cutting force changes, and after the 4th connector construction section 25 is by cutting force, due to the effect of recess hole 252, changes and cuts
The transmission path of power is cut, cutting force will cause the twist motion of vibration amplitude transformer 2, and the cutting force of alternate change causes vibration and becomes
The reversed torsion campaign of width bar 2, realizes non-resonant twisting vibration.The transmission path of power is specifically as shown in Figure 4.This vibration becomes
Width bar 2 can be used in all kinds of curved surfaces of ultrasonic vibration secondary process, can be used in Milling Process.
Ultrasonic vibration can generate ultrasonic cavitation, i.e., the change of cutter and air pressure at material, makes in cutting process
Cutting fluid can be more deep penetrate into its contact position, further decrease the temperature of workpiece and tool contact area, improve
Workpiece surface quality and cutter life.In the Y direction, it under certain wire pulling method speed, is shaken with relatively low Y-direction
Dynamic speed carries out processing, and to help further to be lifted at processing in the period bad with following for not process-cycle.And due to vibrating amplitude transformer
Specific structure specific structure include stress along the equally distributed Gaussian structure of rod piece, obtain high displacement amplitude；It adds
Integrally bending rigidity is enough, reduces the oscillation crosswise of broaching tool, and reducing oscillation crosswise can cause cutter to deviate scheduled path, keeps away
A possibility that cutter bumps against workpiece when cutter is never cut and retracted on the material fallen is exempted from.
Control system includes controller and charge amplifier.Charge amplifier is for amplifying voltage signal, and and piezoelectricity
Actuator is connected with piezo-electric stack actuator.
Controller is used to eliminate the following interference that the vibration amplitude transformer that piezoelectric actuator makes generates:
(1) when generating the displacement of cutting depth direction (being defined as the direction x) when bending vibration, cause the vibration displacement of Y-direction.
(2) vibration displacement in cutting depth direction caused by axial vibration (being defined as the direction x) and tangential (direction y).
(3) cutting depth direction caused by twisting vibration (being defined as the direction x), tangential (direction y), the cutting speed (side z
To) vibration displacement in direction.
The present invention also provides a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation methods, and steps are as follows:
Tool gear 261 and workpiece gear 91 are mounted on lathe by step 1, and the lathe includes above-mentioned ultrasound vibration
Dynamic auxiliary processes Error of Gears real-time compensation system, i.e., tool gear 261 is mounted on to the end of vibration amplitude transformer 2, is made
Tool gear 261 can vibrate jointly with vibration amplitude transformer 2, workpiece gear 91 is mounted on workpiece fixing axle 9, with to be processed.
Step 2 starts supersonic generator while controlling cutter working table movement, drives corresponding piezoelectric actuator
Work vibrates vibration amplitude transformer accordingly, and vibration amplitude transformer 2 will be transferred to tool gear 261 after vibration amplification, makes
Tool gear 261 and workpiece are realizing that part-time is processed and what part-time was non-processing follows bad week within a vibration period
Phase；Wherein, tool gear 261 is first processed with workpiece with lower cutting speed, is shaken with ensureing to fully achieve at one
Processing in the dynamic period and it is non-processing follow bad process, after completely into cutting state, then improve cutting speed and/or increase knife
Cutting depth between tool and workpiece realizes high efficiency processing.
The real-time tangential vibrations of step 3, the vibration amplitude transformer 2 that control system is acquired according to the first piezoelectric transducer are displaced,
Calculate voltage needed for corresponding tangential piezo-electric stack actuator compensates the vibration displacement；Meanwhile according to the second piezoelectric sensing
The real-time displacement deviation of the workpiece gear of device acquisition, the piezo-electric stack actuator for calculating three directions compensate the offset deviation institute
The voltage needed；
When the collected displacement bending vibration of the first piezoelectric transducer, the displacement in cutting depth direction is x (t), tangential
Displacement is y (t), then vibrates cutting depth direction after bending vibration occurs under the excitation of piezoelectric actuator for amplitude transformer and generate displacement
Influence coefficient k to tangential displacementxyAre as follows:
ly1=kxy·E·P1·a1·B
Wherein correspond to voltage needed for tangential piezo-electric stack actuator compensates the vibration displacement, offset voltage herein,
Herein be positive value if bending vibration causes tangential displacement and y-axis positive consistent, if it is positive with y-axis on the contrary, if be negative value:
kxyCutting depth direction generates displacement after bending vibration occurs under the excitation of piezoelectric actuator for vibration amplitude transformer
Influence coefficient to tangential displacement.
B is to vibrate amplitude transformer in the displacement in cutting depth direction after piezoelectric actuator generates unit displacement；
P1To generate the amplification factor that bending vibration piezoelectric actuator connects charge amplifier
a1The displacement (um) in cutting depth direction is generated under unit voltage (V) excitation for piezoelectric actuator；
E is power input voltage, is connect by charge amplifier with the piezoelectric actuator for generating bending vibration；
Ly1For the vibration displacement for needing to compensate in piezo-electric stack actuator Y-direction；
P2For the amplification factor of the charge amplifier of the connection of piezo-electric stack actuator；
a2The displacement (um) generated for the unit voltage (V) of piezo-electric stack actuator.
Voltage calculating process needed for the piezo-electric stack actuator in three directions compensates the offset deviation is as follows:
During the cutting process, piezoelectric transducer totally 4 of the axis being fixedly connected with workpiece gear are arranged in, position sensor
Change in displacement can be detected, and change in displacement is emitted by wireless launcher, radio receiver receives signal, and
It is decoded by decoder, by signal processor processes, obtains tool gear and 3 directions of workpiece (x, y, z to) displacement information,
It is set as x2, y2, z2.During processing not isodont gear, the processing rail that is set in tool gear and workpiece process
The location information of relative motion in mark is x3, y3, z3.Then cutter and the deformation after workpiece forced contact, lathe in process
The transmission of each component cooperates, the factors such as dry and astringent of the different directions vibration during ultrasonic vibration cause machining path deviate it is pre-
Determine being respectively as follows: in the vibration interference deviation in 3 directions for path
Δ x=x3-x2
Δ y=y3-y2
Δ z=z3-z2
P2For the amplification factor of the charge amplifier of the connection of piezo-electric stack actuator；
a2For piezo-electric stack actuator unit voltage (V) generate displacement (um).
Then the piezo-electric stack actuator in 3 directions is respectively as follows: E in the upper voltage generated on offset deviation that makes upx3, Ey3,
Ez3。Ex3, Ey3, Ez3Specifically:
Step 4, by be in step 3 compensation vibration amplitude transformer 2 real-time tangential vibrations displacement generate voltage, be compensation
The voltage that the real-time displacement deviation of workpiece gear 91 generates and the voltage to avoid piezo-electric stack actuator mobile, according to correspondence
Direction be added the voltage for obtaining piezo-electric stack actuator on three directions；
It is wherein the voltage for avoiding piezo-electric stack actuator mobile, is specifically obtained by following approach: in debugging process,
According to tool gear in cutting process and workpiece relative movement orbit and cutting force calculation method, it is obtained ahead of time in 3 directions
Cutting force Fx2, Fy2, Fz2, and extend obtain during the cutting process with the consistent real-time cutting power of cutting path, wherein cutting road
Diameter changes over time, this be just obtained ahead of time at any time or cutting path variation cutting force.Real-time cutting power is transmitted to piezoelectricity
On the wafer body of stacked actuators, piezoelectric actuator can be made to generate displacement and voltage, this is that we need to avoid, Wo Menxu
Voltage is applied to piezoelectric actuator, to avoid the movement of piezo-electric stack actuator.Compensate the movement of piezo-electric stack actuator
Voltage and change in displacement, debugging, which obtains, is located at what three directions connected to power supply piezo-electric stack actuator by charge amplifier
Voltage is respectively Ex2, Ey2, Ez2。
If in cutting process, the cutting force in some direction increases, then voltage is negative value；Cutting force is reduced, and voltage is positive value.
Above-mentioned error compensation is added to the voltage that can obtain the piezo-electric stack actuator on three directions according to corresponding direction,
It compensates due to cutter in vibration amplitude transformer bending vibration interference, process and the deformation after workpiece forced contact, each portion of lathe
The factors such as dry and astringent of different directions vibration during the transmission cooperation and ultrasonic vibration of part cause machining path deviate it is pre-
After the deviation for determining path, the voltage connecting with the piezo-electric stack actuator in 3 directions is respectively as follows:
Ex=Ex2-Ex3
Ey=Ey2-Ey3-Ey1
Ez=Ez2-Ez3
Step 5, the voltage of the piezo-electric stack actuator in three directions that control system is obtained according to step 4 is to corresponding
The piezo-electric stack actuator in direction presses in real time, so that the second connector 3 is mobile, completes real-time error compensation.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to limit it, all without departing from the present invention
Any modification of spirit and scope or equivalent replacement, shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system, it is characterised in that: including the first connector
(1), amplitude transformer (2), the second connector (3), workpiece fixing axle (9) and control system are vibrated；
First connector (1) is provided with the inner cavity (11) that section is polygon, and first connector (1) connect with second
Part (3) is fixedly connected；
The vibration amplitude transformer (2) is inserted into inner cavity (11) and can deliver torque to the first connector (1), and the vibration becomes
For installing tool gear (261), the vibration amplitude transformer (2) is equipped with piezoelectricity cause for end of the width bar (2) far from inner cavity (11)
The vibration displacement and speed that piezoelectric actuator generates can be amplified, ultrasonic energy gathered by dynamic device, vibration amplitude transformer (2)
Collection can generate the vibration of axial direction-bending-twisted coupling on tool gear (261), and the piezoelectric actuator is sent out with ultrasonic wave
Raw device connection, there are four in right-angled intersection setting for the end installation that vibration amplitude transformer (2) contacts with tool gear (261)
First piezoelectric transducer；
Embedded with three groups of piezo-electric stack actuators being arranged in a mutually vertical manner in second connector (3)；The workpiece fixing axle
(9) opposite with vibration amplitude transformer (2) position, for installing workpiece gear (91), correspondence is installed on the workpiece fixing axle (9)
Four the second piezoelectric transducers of the first piezoelectric transducer；
The control system and supersonic generator, the first piezoelectric transducer, the second piezoelectric transducer and laminated piezoelectric activate
Device connection is to control whole system work.
2. ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Vibration amplitude transformer (2) includes the cooperation positioning section (21) set gradually in order, the first actuator construction section (22), third
Connector construction section (23), the second actuator construction section (24), the 4th connector construction section (25) and tool gear construction section
(26)；The piezoelectric actuator includes the first piezoelectric actuator (4) and the second piezoelectric actuator (6)；
The cooperation positioning section (21) and tool gear construction section (26) are located at vibration amplitude transformer (2) both ends, the cooperation positioning
Section (21) is connected with the cooperation of inner cavity (11) bottom, and the tool gear construction section (26) is described for installing tool gear (261)
First piezoelectric transducer is then mounted on tool gear construction section (26)；
The first actuator construction section (22) is equipped with opposite the first piezoelectric actuator (4) in a pair of of position, and the third connects
It is equipped with third connector (5) between fitting construction section (23) and inner cavity (11) inner wall, outside third connector (5) section
Circle is to cut with inner cavity (11) matched polygon, third connector (5) the section inner ring and third connector construction section (23)
Face is the polygon being mutually matched, and the third connector (5) is fixedly connected with the first connector (1)；
The second actuator construction section (24) is equipped with a pair of second piezoelectric actuator (6), and two described first piezoelectric actuated
Device (4) is arranged with two the second piezoelectric actuator (6) right-angled intersections；It is recessed that the 4th connector construction section (25) is provided with first
Slot (251) is equipped with the 4th connector (7), the 4th connector between first groove (251) and inner cavity (11) outer wall
(7) it is fixedly connected with the first connector (1), the outer ring in the 4th connector (7) section is matched polygon with inner cavity (11)
Shape, the 4th connector (7) the section inner ring are circle, and the 4th connector construction section (25) is provided with uniformly divides around axis
Cloth and angularly disposed recess hole (252).
3. ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Inner cavity (11) section is regular hexagon, and third connector (5) the section inner ring and third connector construction section (23) are cut
Face is octagon, and the third connector (5) is provided with corresponding bolt hole with the first connector (1) to be bolted
It fixes and pre-tightens, the first washer being adapted to is installed between the third connector (5) and third connector construction section (23)
(8), the third connector (5) is provided with gap, and the gap is equipped with the second gasket (51), second gasket
(51) one end is contacted with the first washer (8), and the other end is contacted with the first connector (1).
4. ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The recess hole (252) is provided with two groups, and there are four every group of recess hole (252) settings and is uniformly distributed around axis, described first
Groove (251) and the 4th connector (7) are correspondingly arranged to be arranged there are two and along axis interval.
5. ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:
The node of vibration mode of vibration amplitude transformer (2) is overlapped with the position of third connector (5) and two the 4th connectors (7).
6. ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:
The second actuator construction section (24) is disposed with extended segment (27) and centre between the 4th connector construction section (25)
Shaft part (28), the intermediate shaft part (28) diameter in entirely vibration amplitude transformer (2) is maximum, the 4th connector construction section
(25) it is provided between tool gear construction section (26) linkage section (29), it is Gauss that linkage section (29) outer ring, which extends curve,
It curve and is gradually become smaller from the 4th connector construction section (25) to tool gear construction section (26) diameter.
7. a kind of ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation method, which comprises the steps of:
Tool gear (261) and workpiece gear (91) are mounted on lathe by step 1, and the lathe includes the claims
1 to 6 described in any item ultrasonic vibration secondary process Error of Gears real-time compensation systems pacify tool gear (261)
Mounted in the end of vibration amplitude transformer (2), it vibrate tool gear (261) can with vibration amplitude transformer (2) jointly, by workpiece gear
(91) workpiece fixing axle (9) are mounted on, with to be processed；
Step 2 starts supersonic generator while controlling cutter working table movement, and corresponding piezoelectric actuator is driven to work,
Vibrate vibration amplitude transformer accordingly, vibration amplitude transformer (2) will be transferred to tool gear (261) after vibration amplification, make
Tool gear (261) and workpiece are realizing that part-time is processed and what part-time was non-processing follows bad week within a vibration period
Phase；
The real-time tangential vibrations of step 3, the vibration amplitude transformer (2) that control system is acquired according to the first piezoelectric transducer are displaced, meter
Calculate voltage needed for corresponding tangential piezo-electric stack actuator compensates the vibration displacement；Meanwhile according to the second piezoelectric transducer
The real-time displacement deviation of the workpiece gear of acquisition, the piezo-electric stack actuator for calculating three directions compensate needed for the offset deviation
Voltage；
Step 4, by be in step 3 compensation vibration amplitude transformer (2) real-time tangential vibrations displacement generate voltage, be compensate work
The voltage that the real-time displacement deviation of part gear (91) generates and the voltage to avoid piezo-electric stack actuator mobile, according to correspondence
Direction be added the voltage for obtaining piezo-electric stack actuator on three directions；
Step 5, the voltage of the piezo-electric stack actuator in three directions that control system is obtained according to step 4 is to corresponding direction
Piezo-electric stack actuator press in real time so that the second connector (3) is mobile, complete real-time error compensation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110007644A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-12 | 中南大学 | A kind of processes composition error modeling method |
| CN110281081A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-09-27 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail |
| CN111950096A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-17 | 中南大学 | Method for identifying influence coefficient of ultrasonic vibration on material stress |
| CN112845004A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-28 | 中南大学 | Ultrasonic amplitude transformer for cold pendulum rolling forming gear |
| CN112935174A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中南大学 | Method for compensating precision machining error of ultrasonic cold swing rolling forming straight gear |
| CN114769693A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-22 | 南京工程学院 | Torsional vibration cutter platform for ultrasonic-assisted milling and test system thereof |
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| US20140265732A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Piezotech, Llc | Pressure-compensated transducer assembly |
| CN107470657A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 嘉兴学院 | The power spindle device and error compensating method of regular polygon turning error compensation |
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| US20140265732A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Piezotech, Llc | Pressure-compensated transducer assembly |
| CN107470657A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 嘉兴学院 | The power spindle device and error compensating method of regular polygon turning error compensation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110007644A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-12 | 中南大学 | A kind of processes composition error modeling method |
| CN110007644B (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2022-02-11 | 中南大学 | Machining comprehensive error modeling method |
| CN110281081A (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2019-09-27 | 湖南工学院 | A kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail |
| CN111950096A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-17 | 中南大学 | Method for identifying influence coefficient of ultrasonic vibration on material stress |
| CN112845004A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-28 | 中南大学 | Ultrasonic amplitude transformer for cold pendulum rolling forming gear |
| CN112935174A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中南大学 | Method for compensating precision machining error of ultrasonic cold swing rolling forming straight gear |
| CN112935174B (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-11-29 | 中南大学 | Method for compensating precision machining error of ultrasonic cold swing rolling forming straight gear |
| CN114769693A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-07-22 | 南京工程学院 | Torsional vibration cutter platform for ultrasonic-assisted milling and test system thereof |
| CN114769693B (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2023-12-19 | 南京工程学院 | Torsional vibration tool platform for ultrasonic-assisted milling and testing system thereof |
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