CN110281081A - A kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail - Google Patents
A kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN110281081A CN110281081A CN201910296923.9A CN201910296923A CN110281081A CN 110281081 A CN110281081 A CN 110281081A CN 201910296923 A CN201910296923 A CN 201910296923A CN 110281081 A CN110281081 A CN 110281081A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of large scale wheels to become wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, include the following steps: S1, by fixture by wheel clamping on the table, workbench is connected with the driving mechanism of its rotation of driving, grinding wheel and machine tool chief axis are sequentially connected, machine tool chief axis outer end is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation, ultrasonic vibration installation realizes bending vibration under the action of piezoelectric actuator, realizes the vibration in grinding wheel cutting depth direction, and grinding wheel axis is vertical with wheel axis；S2, machine tool error influence measurement；S4, error compensation is arranged in S3, grinding parameter；S5, it is processed according to the machined parameters that S4 is obtained.The present invention is measured by the analysis to error and high-precision grinding is realized in compensation, in the case where guaranteeing precision and wheel performance, is improved material removal efficiency as far as possible, is improved the efficiency of processing, ultrasonic vibration secondary process can improve stock-removing efficiency and wheel life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to machining fields, become wheel internal spline high-efficiency precision in rail more particularly to a kind of large scale wheel
Close grinding processing method.
Background technique
Currently, since the inter-railway standard that track bears load and country variant is inconsistent, result between railroad track
Away from inconsistent, existing train is difficult to meet the requirement of different railroad track spacing simultaneously, i.e., transports on the rail of different spacing
It is defeated.Important method for solving this problem is exactly to change the spacing between Train Wheel using change rail technology, but in wheel
Longer (more than 2.6 meters) become rail vehicle wheel internal spline size larger thereon, and move under heavy loads, right in its process
Required precision is high, and usual machining accuracy and efficiency is difficult to reach requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to solve above-mentioned technical problem at least to a certain extent.For this purpose, the present invention proposes that a kind of precision is high
Large scale become the outer wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method of rail.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
A kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, includes the following steps:
S1, pass through fixture by 1 clamping of wheel on workbench 2, workbench 2 is connected with the driving of driving worktable rotary
In mechanism, grinding wheel 3 is connect with machine tool chief axis 4, and machine tool chief axis outer end is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation, and ultrasonic vibration installation is being pressed
Bending vibration is realized under the action of electric actuator, realizes the vibration in grinding wheel cutting depth direction, and grinding wheel axis and wheel axis
Vertically；
S2, machine tool error influence measurement: obtaining installation wheel, fixture and ultrasound by displacement sensor detection test
Position difference of the vibration device before and after wheel installation, the machine tool error influence amount of installation wheel is obtained with this；Grinding wheel and wheel
Between physical location detected by a pair of of non-contact displacement transducer；Workbench and grinding wheel position before and after record installation wheel
Difference, to obtain error influence amount.
S3, grinding parameter setting: the grinding wheel maximum gauge r that grinding wheel and wheel will not interfere first is determineds, then lead to
It crosses the test of ultrasonic vibration secondary process and obtains the change rail vehicle wheel roughly ground after cutting processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel respectively
Relationship between the surface roughness of the grinding surface of internal spline, surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters, according to grinding
It the constraint of the surface roughness, surface hardness and residual stress in face and is obtained respectively under the conditions of material removal efficiency is highest
Obtain the machined parameters of thick grinding and fine ginding processing；
S4, error compensation, the machined parameters that step S3 is obtained are obtained plus the machine tool error influence amount that step S2 is obtained
The machined parameters of thick grinding and fine ginding processing after error compensation；
S5, according to S4 obtain machined parameters first using corase grinding cut processing grinding wheel carry out corase grinding cut, finally reuse fine grinding
Processing grinding wheel is cut to be finished；Wherein thick grinding cuts processing grinding wheel using corase grinding；Fine ginding processing is added using fine ginding
Work grinding wheel.
Further to improve, detailed process is as follows by the step S2:
Physical location between grinding wheel and wheel is detected by contactless a pair of sensors, and a sensor arrangement exists
On workbench, another sensor arrangement is at grinding wheel center, for detecting the relative position of wheel Yu grinding wheel center；It measures
The opposite x, y, the position z l of grinding wheel and wheel before wheel is installedx1, ly1, lz1, machine tool chief axis is at the angle that x-z-plane intrinsic deflection moves
Spend θxz1, workbench for connecting wheel rotational angle be respectively θxyd1And the phase of grinding wheel and wheel after wheel is installed
To x, y, z location lx2,ly2,lz2, the angle, θ that is moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection of machine tool chief axisxz2, work for connecting wheel
The rotational angle θ of platformxyd2；Error influence amount, which can be obtained, is,
ξx=lx1-lx2；
ξy=ly1-ly2；
ξz=lz1-lz2；
ζxz=θxz1-θxz2；
ζxyd=θxyd1-θxyd2；
Wherein ξxFor the direction x displacement error；
ξyFor the direction y displacement error；
ξzFor the displacement error in the direction z；
ζxzFor the angular error moved in machine tool chief axis in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection；
ζxydFor the rotational angle error of workbench.
Further to improve, the maximum gauge that step S3 medium plain emery wheel and wheel will not interfere is rsDetermination process
It is as follows: to select a lesser grinding wheel diameter, it is ensured that grinding wheel is easiest to the position interfered with wheel and does not interfere, so
After gradually increase size, until the last one diameter before interfering, as rs。
Further to improve, corase grinding cuts the change rail vehicle wheel after processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel in step S3
Relationship between the surface roughness of the grinding surface of internal spline, surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters is as follows:
R1、R2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface of the grinding surface after wheel wheel
Roughness；H1、H2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface hardness of the grinding surface after wheel；
σ1、σ2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface residual stress of the grinding surface after wheel；
Wherein, c1-c6, λ1-λ6, α1-α6, β1-β6, γ1-γ6It respectively indicates and is processed in wheel internal spline using grinding wheel, slightly
The feed speed of grinding process, the size of grinding wheel, the cutting depth of grinding wheel, the linear velocity of grinding wheel, grinding wheel is thick to wheel surface
The influence coefficient of rugosity, corase grinding cut processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing the influence coefficient pass through respectively five groups or five groups with
Upper parameter experiment is obtained using least square method fitting；
raSize, a for grinding wheelpCutting depth, v for grinding wheelsLinear velocity, f for grinding wheelzFor the feeding of grinding wheel
Speed；
Wherein vs=ω rs, ω is the angular speed of grinding wheel, rsFor grinding wheel radius.
Further to improve, in step S3, it is hard that corase grinding cuts the surface roughness of the corresponding grinding surface of processing grinding wheel, surface
The constraint of degree and residual stress are as follows:
R1min≤R1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤R1max；
H1min≤H1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤H1max；
σ1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)=σ1s；
rs1=rs；
vs1=w1rs；
Vmax1=Max (V=ap1vs1fz1)；
Wherein ap1To roughly grind the depth for cutting processing grinding wheel grinding,
H1min-H1maxAnd R1min-R1maxWheel surface parameter area when respectively fine ginding is processed；H1min=2H；H1max
=4H；R1min=2R；R1max=4R；The surface roughness that wherein wheel requires is R, hardness H；；Vmax1To meet constraint
Under the conditions of thick grinding maximum material removal efficiency, and according to Vmax1For the machined parameters w of the thick grinding of determination1,
ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1；Wherein, w1To roughly grind angular speed, ra1Size, a for rough grinding wheelp1For grinding wheel cutting depth,
vs1Linear velocity, f for grinding wheelz1For the feed speed of grinding wheel, subscript 1 indicates corase grinding；
The constraint of the surface roughness, surface hardness and residual stress of the corresponding grinding surface of fine ginding processing grinding wheel are as follows:
H2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=H2s；
R2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=R2s；
σ2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=σ2s；
rs2=rs；rs2Indicate the radius of finishing wheel；
vs2=w2rs；
Vmax2=Max (V=ap2vs2fz2)；
Wherein ap2For the depth of fine ginding processing grinding wheel grinding, σ2sFor the residual stress of target wheel setting, H2s
For the wheel surface hardness of target wheel setting, R2sFor the surface roughness of target wheel setting；Vmax2To meet remaining about
The maximum material removal efficiency of fine ginding processing under the conditions of beam, and determine that the machined parameters of fine ginding processing are w according to this2,
ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2fz2, wherein w2The angular speed of grinding wheel when to finish；ra2The size of grinding wheel when to finish；ap2
The cutting depth of grinding wheel when to finish；vs2The linear velocity of grinding wheel when to finish；fz2Indicate the grinding wheel feed that finishing is
Speed；
Further to improve, in step S5 after error compensation machined parameters are as follows:
ap1 c=ap1+ξz；
ap2 c=ap2+ξz；
fz1 c=fz1+ξy；
fz2 c=fz2+ξy；
θd c=θd+ζxyd；
θt c=θt+ζxz；
ap1 c、fz1 cCorase grinding respectively after Optimization Compensation cuts cutting depth, the feed speed of processing grinding wheel；
ap2 c、fz2 cThe cutting depth of fine ginding processing grinding wheel respectively after Optimization Compensation, feed speed；
θd cAnd θt cThe rotational angle and machine tool chief axis for respectively setting the workbench of input are transported in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection
Dynamic angle, θd, θtLathe respectively in the case where not increasing fixture, ultrasonic vibration installation and wheel is set according to processing wheel needs
The angle that the rotational angle and machine tool chief axis of fixed workbench are moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: measured by analysis to error and high-precision grinding is realized in compensation, according to adding
Processing is divided into roughing and finishing, and realizes the conjunction to machined parameters according to the requirement of roughing and finishing by work demand
Reason setting improves material removal efficiency as far as possible, improves the efficiency of processing in the case where guaranteeing precision and wheel performance；In addition
Ultrasonic vibration secondary process can improve stock-removing efficiency and wheel life.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of grinding wheel of the present invention；
The displacement structure schematic diagram of Fig. 2 wheel；
Fig. 3 is the mounting structure schematic diagram of grinding wheel.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to Fig.1, a kind of large scale wheel of the invention becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail,
Including step S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5.It is specific as follows:
S1: by fixture by 2 clamping of wheel on workbench 1, workbench 1 be connected with driving its rotation driving mechanism,
Grinding wheel 3 and machine tool chief axis 4 are sequentially connected, and 4 outer end of machine tool chief axis is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation, and ultrasonic vibration installation is in piezoelectricity
Bending vibration is realized under the action of actuator, realizes the vibration in grinding wheel cutting depth direction, since interior wheel internal spline is in vehicle
Wheel is internal, and space is little, in order to using larger grinding wheel and avoid interference with as far as possible, therefore by 3 axis of grinding wheel and 2 axis of wheel
Line is vertically arranged, and 2 axis vertical of wheel is arranged, the setting of 3 axis horizontal of grinding wheel.Ultrasonic vibration installation includes vibration amplitude transformer 7
Device is sent a telegraph with piezoelectricity, as shown in Figure 1, main shaft rotates in x-y plane, main shaft outer end connects bevel-gear sett, one of cone
Gear is vertically arranged to be connect with machine tool chief axis 4, another bevel gear 62 is horizontally disposed and engages with vertical Bevel Gear Transmission, is used
In converting rotary motion of the main shaft in x-y plane to the rotary motion in x-z plane.Vibrate the horizontal one end of amplitude transformer 7
Connect with horizontal bevel gear 62, the other end is connect with grinding wheel 3, and 3 axis horizontal of grinding wheel is arranged and parallel with X-direction.Vibration
Piezoelectricity is installed in amplitude transformer and sends a telegraph device, the bending vibration of vibration amplitude transformer, Jin Ershi are realized under the action of piezoelectric actuator
Show the of reciprocating vibration of direction of feed, for realizing the process-cycle that interval grinding wheel is contacted with wheel, improves stock-removing efficiency and sand
Take turns the service life.Carry out the grinding test of ultrasonic vibration secondary process under different amplitude of ultrasonic vibration and frequency, obtains in cutting parameter
One timing, the smallest ultrasonic vibration frequency of grinding force and amplitude, the ultrasonic vibration frequency and amplitude are as following process and examination
The ultrasonic vibration secondary process parameter tested.Machine tool chief axis moves along the z-axis direction, realizes the direction of feed movement of grinding,
Wheel internal spline bottom surface can be processed.In grinding when wheel internal spline side, the radial vertical interior wheel internal spline of grinding wheel
To side, main shaft is move ind the z-direction, and realizes the grinding of interior wheel internal spline side.
S2: machine tool error influences measurement, obtains installation wheel, fixture and ultrasonic vibration installation by sensor test
The position difference of front and back obtains the machine tool error influence amount of installation wheel with this.Loading wheel, ultrasonic vibration installation and folder
After tool, have an impact to the working motion error and static error of lathe, since lathe increases fixture, ultrasonic vibration dress
Wheel is set and is loaded with, the quality on workbench dramatically increases, and to improve processing progress, need to analyze its static state to lathe
The influence of error.Displacement error can before lathe after debugging on the basis of identified, inside machine tool control system
It is identified, and compensate, after present lathe increases structure, it is only necessary to error caused by considering after additions.Grinding wheel
Physical location between wheel is detected by contactless a pair of sensors, a sensor arrangement on the table, separately
One sensor arrangement is at grinding wheel center, and for detecting the relative position of wheel Yu grinding wheel center, static error can pass through
Identification measurement is carried out the front-rear positions difference such as increasing fixture and being loaded with wheel；Measure the opposite of grinding wheel and wheel before installing
X, y, z location, the angle that machine tool chief axis is moved in x-z plane intrinsic deflection, workbench for connecting wheel rotational angle point
It Wei not lx1, ly1, lz1, θxz1, θxyd1And the opposite x of grinding wheel and wheel after wheel is installed, y, z location, machine tool chief axis are in x-z
The angle of plane intrinsic deflection movement, the rotational angle of workbench for connecting wheel are respectively lx2, ly2, lz2, θxz2, θxyd2；
Error influence amount can be obtained are as follows:
ξx=lx1-lx2；
ξy=ly1-ly2；
ξz=lz1-lz2；
ζxz=θxz1-θxz2；
ζxyd=θxyd1-θxyd2；
Wherein ξxFor the direction x displacement error；
ξyFor the direction y displacement error；
ξzFor the displacement error in the direction z；
ζxzFor the angular error moved in machine tool chief axis in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection；
ζxydFor the rotational angle error (rotation of X-Y plane) of workbench.
S3: grinding parameter setting first determines the maximum gauge r that grinding wheel and wheel will not interferes, then by super
The test of acoustic vibration secondary process obtains flower in the change rail vehicle wheel after corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel respectively
Relationship between the surface roughness of the grinding surface of key, surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters, according to grinding surface
Surface roughness, the constraint of surface hardness and residual stress and material removal efficiency it is highest under the conditions of obtain corase grinding cut plus
The machined parameters of work and fine ginding processing.In the present embodiment, corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel using aluminium oxide dish row grinding wheel, fine ginding
Processing grinding wheel uses CBN bevel edge grinding wheel.The maximum gauge that grinding wheel and wheel will not interfere is rsDetermination process it is as follows:
Select a lesser grinding wheel diameter, it is ensured that grinding wheel is easiest to the position interfered with wheel and does not interfere, then by
Cumulative plus size, until the last one diameter before interfering, as rs.It is real that orthogonal grouping is carried out to multiple groups machined parameters
It tests, for example, each parameter value is the size r of grinding wheela(20,60,100um), the cutting depth a of grinding wheelp(5、25、
45um), the linear velocity v of grinding wheels=ω rs(10,20,30m/s), the feed speed f of grinding wheelz(50、100、200、 300mm/
Min), after each group test data cuts processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel with least square method fitting acquisition corase grinding
Become relationship between the surface roughness of grinding surface, surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters of rail vehicle wheel internal spline such as
Under:
R1、R2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the rough surface of the grinding surface after wheel
Degree；H1、H2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface hardness of the grinding surface after wheel；σ1、
σ2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface residual stress of the grinding surface after wheel； c1,
λ1, α1, β1, γ1、c2, λ2, α2, β2, γ2、c3, λ3, α3, β3, γ3、c4, λ4, α4, β4, γ4、 C5, λ5, α5, β5, γ5、c6, λ6,
α6, β6, γ6Surface roughness, surface hardness and the surface residual stress and processing ginseng of respectively two kinds grinding wheel processing rear wheels
Intrusion Index between number, and obtained by test data by least square method fitting；raSize, a for grinding wheelp
Cutting depth, v for grinding wheelsLinear velocity, f for grinding wheelzFor the feed speed of grinding wheel；ω is the angular speed of grinding wheel, r0For sand
Take turns radius.In the higher wheel of workhardness (more than 50HRC), fine ginding, oxidation are carried out using according to CBN dish (emery) wheel
Aluminium bevel edge grinding wheel carries out corase grinding and half fine ginding.Machining allowance is set as u0, roughing is carried out using aluminium oxide bevel edge grinding wheel
When, it sets it and processes grinding depth as ap1, finished using CBN dish (emery) wheel, set it and process grinding depth as ap2,
Then u0=ap1+ap2, can be in wheel when being roughly ground using aluminium oxide bevel edge grinding wheel using larger grinding depth since wheel hardness is high
Biggish tensile stress is caused on surface, and lesser compression is conducive to be finished using CBN dish (emery) wheel, but is detrimental to
The performance of wheel damages the surface property of wheel.It is necessary to ensure that roughing causes the section of wheel with less tensile stress, compared with
Huge pressing stress, i.e. tensile stress are close to 0.It is determined by experiment when rough machined tensile stress is 0, ap2Occurrence and thick
The residual stress of wheel surface after processing is σ1s.It can be determined according to experiment when wheel surface hardness range is H1min-
H1max, wheel surface roughness is R1min-R1maxWhen, grinding is carried out using CBN grinding wheel, the abrasion of CBN can be reduced,
Processing cost is reduced, the price of CBN grinding wheel is more than 10 times of alundum wheel.Material removing rate is set as V, then V=apvsfz,
Work in-process is up to that target determines machined parameters with material removal efficiency.The objective function of thick grinding is Vmax1= Max
(V=ap1vsfz).Corase grinding cuts the constraint of the surface roughness, surface hardness and residual stress of the corresponding grinding surface of processing grinding wheel
Condition are as follows:
R1min≤R1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤R1max；
H1min≤H1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤H1max；
σ1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)=σ1s；
ra1=rs；
vs1=w1rs；
When being in maximum value according to objective function, the machined parameters for calculating thick grinding are w1, ra1, ap1, vs1,
fz1, and machined parameters are positive number.
When carrying out accurate grinding processing using CBN dish (emery) wheel, the residual stress σ of target wheel is set2s, wheel table
Surface hardness is H2s, wheel surface roughness is R2s, material removal efficiency V2s.Fine grinding parameter is determined according to minor function
w2, ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2, and machined parameters are positive number.
H2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=H2s；
R2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=R2s；
σ2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=σ2s；
ra2=rs；
vs2=w2rs；
Vmax2=Max (V=ap2vs2fz2)。
S4: error compensation, the machined parameters that step S3 is obtained are obtained plus the machine tool error influence amount that step S2 is obtained
The machined parameters of thick grinding and fine ginding processing after error compensation.Machined parameters after error compensation are as follows:
ap1 c=ap1+ξz；
ap2 c=ap2+ξz；
fz1 c=fz1+ξy；
fz2 c=fz2+ξy；
θd c=θd+ζxyd；
θt c=θt+ζxz；
ap1 c、fz1 cCorase grinding respectively after Optimization Compensation cuts cutting depth, the feed speed of processing grinding wheel；ap2 c、fz2 cPoint
It Wei not the cutting depth of fine ginding processing grinding wheel after Optimization Compensation, feed speed；θd cAnd θt cRespectively set the work of input
The angle that the rotational angle and machine tool chief axis for making platform are moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection, θd, θtNot increase fixture, surpassing
Lathe under acoustic vibration device and wheel needs the rotational angle of the workbench set and machine tool chief axis to exist according to processing wheel
The angle of x-z-plane intrinsic deflection movement；In addition ξxAlthough not influencing machined parameters, during practical machine tool motion, need
The error is compensated by the position correction to grinding wheel and wheel.
S5: according to S4 obtain machined parameters first using corase grinding cut processing grinding wheel carry out corase grinding cut, finally reuse fine grinding
Processing grinding wheel is cut to be finished.
It is the tables of data of actual processing of the present invention below:
Table 1 compensates front vehicle wheel testing result
2 machined parameters of table and machining path compensate the testing result of post-processing wheel
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and is not intended to limit it, all without departing from this hair
Any modification of bright spirit and scope or equivalent replacement, shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of large scale wheel becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, which is characterized in that including as follows
Step:
S1, pass through fixture by wheel (1) clamping on workbench (2), workbench (2) is connected with the driving of driving worktable rotary
In mechanism, grinding wheel (3) is connect with machine tool chief axis (4), and machine tool chief axis outer end is connected with ultrasonic vibration installation, and ultrasonic vibration installation exists
Bending vibration is realized under the action of piezoelectric actuator, realizes the vibration in grinding wheel cutting depth direction, and grinding wheel axis and axletree
Line is vertical；
S2, machine tool error influence measurement: showing that installation wheel, fixture and ultrasonic vibration fill by displacement sensor detection test
The position difference before and after wheel installation is set, the machine tool error influence amount of installation wheel is obtained with this；Between grinding wheel and wheel
Physical location is detected by a pair of of non-contact displacement transducer；Workbench and grinding wheel position difference before and after record installation wheel, from
And obtain error influence amount.
S3, grinding parameter setting: the grinding wheel maximum gauge r that grinding wheel and wheel will not interfere first is determineds, then pass through ultrasound
The test of vibration secondary process obtains corase grinding respectively and cuts the change rail vehicle wheel internal spline after processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel
The surface roughness of grinding surface, the relationship between surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters, according to the table to grinding surface
Surface roughness, the constraint of surface hardness and residual stress and under the conditions of material removal efficiency is highest respectively obtain corase grinding cut
The machined parameters of processing and fine ginding processing；
S4, error compensation, the machined parameters that step S3 is obtained obtain error plus the machine tool error influence amount that step S2 is obtained
The machined parameters of compensated thick grinding and fine ginding processing；
S5, according to S4 obtain machined parameters first using corase grinding cut processing grinding wheel carry out corase grinding cut, finally reuse fine ginding and add
Work grinding wheel is finished；Wherein thick grinding cuts processing grinding wheel using corase grinding；Fine ginding processing processes sand using fine ginding
Wheel.
2. large scale wheel according to claim 1 becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, special
Sign is that detailed process is as follows by the step S2:
Physical location between grinding wheel and wheel is detected by contactless a pair of sensors, and a sensor arrangement is in workbench
On, another sensor arrangement is at grinding wheel center, for detecting the relative position of wheel Yu grinding wheel center；The wheel installation measured
The opposite x of preceding grinding wheel and wheel, y, z location lx1, ly1, lz1, the angle, θ that is moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection of machine tool chief axisxz1, use
In the rotational angle of workbench of connection wheel be respectively θxyd1And the opposite x of grinding wheel and wheel after wheel, y, z location are installed
lx2,ly2,lz2, the angle, θ that is moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection of machine tool chief axisxz2, workbench for connecting wheel rotational angle
θxyd2；Error influence amount, which can be obtained, is,
ξx=lx1-lx2；
ξy=ly1-ly2；
ξz=lz1-lz2；
ζxz=θxz1-θxz2；
ζxyd=θxyd1-θxyd2；
Wherein ξxFor the direction x displacement error；
ξyFor the direction y displacement error；
ξzFor the displacement error in the direction z；
ζxzFor the angular error moved in machine tool chief axis in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection；
ζxydFor the rotational angle error of workbench.
3. large scale wheel according to claim 2 becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, special
Sign is that the maximum gauge that step S3 medium plain emery wheel and wheel will not interfere is rsDetermination process it is as follows: selected one compared with
Small grinding wheel diameter, it is ensured that grinding wheel is easiest to the position interfered with wheel and does not interfere, and is then gradually increased size, directly
The last one diameter to before interfering, as rs。
4. large scale wheel according to claim 3 becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, special
Sign is that corase grinding cuts the grinding surface of the change rail vehicle wheel internal spline after processing grinding wheel and the processing of fine ginding processing grinding wheel in step S3
Relationship between surface roughness, surface hardness and residual stress and machined parameters is as follows:
R1、R2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the rough surface of the grinding surface after wheel wheel
Degree；H1、H2Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface hardness of the grinding surface after wheel；σ1、σ2
Respectively corase grinding cuts processing grinding wheel and fine ginding processing grinding wheel processes the surface residual stress of the grinding surface after wheel；Wherein, c1-
c6, λ1-λ6, α1-α6, β1-β6, γ1-γ6It respectively indicates and is processed in wheel internal spline using grinding wheel, rough grinding process, the granularity of grinding wheel
Size, the cutting depth of grinding wheel, the linear velocity of grinding wheel, influence coefficient of the feed speed of grinding wheel to wheel surface roughness, slightly
Grinding grinding wheel and the influence coefficient of fine ginding processing pass through five groups or five groups or more parameter experiments using minimum respectively
Square law fitting obtains；
raSize, a for grinding wheelpCutting depth, v for grinding wheelsLinear velocity, f for grinding wheelzFor the feed speed of grinding wheel；
Wherein vs=ω rs, ω is the angular speed of grinding wheel, rsFor grinding wheel radius.
5. large scale wheel according to claim 4 becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, special
Sign is, in step S3, corase grinding cuts surface roughness, the pact of surface hardness and residual stress of the corresponding grinding surface of processing grinding wheel
Beam are as follows:
R1min≤R1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤R1max；
H1min≤H1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)≤H1max；
σ1(ra1, ap1, vs1, fz1)=σ1s；
rs1=rs；
vs1=w1rs；
Vmax1=Max (V=ap1vs1fz1)；
Wherein ap1To roughly grind the depth for cutting processing grinding wheel grinding,
H1min-H1maxAnd R1min-R1maxWheel surface parameter area when respectively fine ginding is processed；H1min=2H；H1max=4H；
R1min=2R；R1max=4R；The surface roughness that wherein wheel requires is R, hardness H；；Vmax1For under that condition that the constraint conditions are met
Thick grinding maximum material removal efficiency, and according to Vmax1For the machined parameters w of the thick grinding of determination1, ra1, ap1, vs1,
fz1；Wherein, w1To roughly grind angular speed, ra1Size, a for rough grinding wheelp1Cutting depth, v for grinding wheels1For grinding wheel
Linear velocity, fz1For the feed speed of grinding wheel, subscript 1 indicates corase grinding；
The constraint of the surface roughness, surface hardness and residual stress of the corresponding grinding surface of fine ginding processing grinding wheel are as follows:
H2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=H2s；
R2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=R2s；
σ2(ra2, ap2, vs2, fz2)=σ2s；
rs2=rs；rs2Indicate the radius of finishing wheel；
vs2=w2rs；
Vmax2=Max (V=ap2vs2fz2)；
Wherein ap2For the depth of fine ginding processing grinding wheel grinding, σ2sFor the residual stress of target wheel setting, H2sFor target
The wheel surface hardness of wheel setting, R2sFor the surface roughness of target wheel setting；Vmax2To meet remaining constraint condition
Under fine ginding processing maximum material removal efficiency, and according to this determine fine ginding processing machined parameters be w2, ra2, ap2,
vs2, fz2fz2, wherein w2The angular speed of grinding wheel when to finish；ra2The size of grinding wheel when to finish；ap2For finishing
When grinding wheel cutting depth；vs2The linear velocity of grinding wheel when to finish；fz2Indicate the grinding wheel feeding rate that finishing is.
6. large scale wheel according to claim 5 becomes wheel internal spline efficient precise grinding processing method in rail, special
Sign is, the machined parameters in step S5 after error compensation are as follows:
ap1 c=ap1+ξz；
ap2 c=ap2+ξz；
fz1 c=fz1+ξy；
fz2 c=fz2+ξy；
θd c=θd+ζxyd；
θt c=θt+ζxz；
ap1 c、fz1 cCorase grinding respectively after Optimization Compensation cuts cutting depth, the feed speed of processing grinding wheel；
ap2 c、fz2 cThe cutting depth of fine ginding processing grinding wheel respectively after Optimization Compensation, feed speed；
θd cAnd θt cThe rotational angle and machine tool chief axis for respectively setting the workbench of input are at the angle that x-z-plane intrinsic deflection moves
Degree, θd, θtThe work that lathe respectively in the case where not increasing fixture, ultrasonic vibration installation and wheel needs to set according to processing wheel
The angle that the rotational angle and machine tool chief axis for making platform are moved in x-z-plane intrinsic deflection.
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