CN108962597B - 一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN108962597B
CN108962597B CN201810788783.2A CN201810788783A CN108962597B CN 108962597 B CN108962597 B CN 108962597B CN 201810788783 A CN201810788783 A CN 201810788783A CN 108962597 B CN108962597 B CN 108962597B
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CN108962597A (zh
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李琦
何金良
周垚
曾嵘
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法,通过放卷辊释放的待处理薄膜经过放卷调整辊调整待处理薄膜的位置、保证其处于放电缝隙的中间位置,之后待处理薄膜通过离子体沉积区,在经过收卷调整辊调整已处理薄膜的位置,调整后的已处理薄膜经过牵引辊牵引后被收卷辊收卷,收卷辊同样为气胀辊,实现了薄膜在沉积区域的平稳、可控的运动。本发明能够实现大规模的连续化生产,可以与现有聚合物电容器薄膜生产速度相匹配,具有配置灵活、环境要求低、普适性强、处理速度快、生产成本低、无污染的优点。

Description

一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜生产技术领域,特别是涉及一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法。
背景技术
电介质电容器具有极快的充放电速率(微秒级)和超高的功率密度(兆瓦每千克),是一类极其重要的功率型储能器件,在电网调频、工业节能、关键医学设备、工业激光器、新能源汽车以及先进电磁武器等大功率储能和脉冲功率系统中发挥着关键作用。电介质电容器按照使用的介质材料主要可分为有机聚合物介质电容器、无机介质电容器、电解电容器等三类。其中以有机聚合物为介质材料的电容器——聚合物薄膜电容器,凭借其质量轻、加工性能好、生产成本低、介电强度高、自愈性好、集成组装工艺简单以及无液体介质等特点,目前已在电动汽车、风电、光伏、照明和铁路机车等行业中广泛应用。随着智能电网和新能源等产业的迅猛发展,薄膜电容器的需求还在逐年递增。
目前薄膜电容器在许多应用领域中的工作环境温度都高于室温,电场强度也较高。绝大多数聚合物电介质材料的最高使用温度在125℃以下,当温度逐渐升高到接近最高使用温度时,聚合物电介质材料的介电损耗急剧升高。尤其在高电场作用下,温度升高会导致聚合物电介质内部泄漏电流/电导率呈现指数级上升的趋势,造成充放电效率及储能密度急剧下降,无法满足应用需求。在高温、强电场条件下,目前高温聚合物电介质材料不能满足应用需求,主要存在两方面问题:一是聚合物电介质材料在高温条件下的电导损耗随电场强度增大而急剧上升,导致储能密度大幅下降。二是高温、强电场条件下聚合物电介质产生的大量电导损耗还会造成介质材料甚至无法在远低于其设计温度的环境下连续稳定工作,这是由薄膜电容器的热失稳现象所致。有效抑制高温高电场条件下的电容器薄膜的泄漏电流已经成为高性能电容器薄膜设计和制备的难题。
聚合物电容器薄膜领域为提高电容器薄膜的工作温度主要有两种技术手段。一是提高聚合物电容器薄膜材料的玻璃化转变温度,从而提高其工作温度。但是该技术方法只是通过电容器薄膜热性能的提高来改善其工作温度,并没有从根本上解决由于高温高电场作用下泄漏电流明显升高的问题。而由于泄漏电流的升高必然导致电容器内部的严重发热,从而造成电容器的热失稳现象。二是在聚合物电容器介质材料中引入具有高绝缘性能的二维纳米材料,如纳米氮化硼片,利用纳米颗粒的高绝缘性能来抑制复合材料在高温高电场作用下的泄漏电流。但是该技术方法的问题在于这种超薄的二维纳米材料必须通过溶液共混的方式均匀分散于聚合物基体中,而绝大部分高温聚合物电介质材料属于难溶甚至不溶的材料。同时超薄二维纳米材料与大部分高温聚合物电介质基体之间相容性较差,容易发生团聚,这种超薄二维纳米片还存在制备困难,成本造价高的问题。
大气压低温等离子体沉积技术在材料表面处理领域受到了广泛关注。低温等离子体中的高能电子和活性粒子能够与材料表面发生物理刻蚀、引入化学基团等过程,也可以通过引入适当的前驱体在材料表面进行薄膜沉积,从而改变原有材料的物理化学特性。相对于传统的薄膜表面沉积技术的特殊要求,如磁控溅射需要在真空环境下进行,难以实现大规模连续化生产;化学气相沉积需要在高温下进行,普通聚合物电容器薄膜难以耐受化学气相沉积的温度;脉冲激光沉积需要在真空环境下进行,同时受限于激光强度,其沉积速度较低;以上几种沉积方法还普遍存在设备造价高,工艺复杂难度大的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置及方法,以解决上述现有技术存在的问题,使电容器薄膜表面的沉积能在大气压、室温条件下实现,提高聚合物电容器薄膜在高温高电场作用下的充放电效率和能量密度,同时提高聚合物电容器薄膜的工作温度,实现大规模的连续化生产。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明提供一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:包括顺次设置的放卷辊、放卷调整辊、离子体沉积区域、收卷调整辊、牵引辊和收卷辊,所述离子体沉积区域内从上到下依次设置有上电极、上阻挡介质板、下阻挡介质板和下电极,所述上阻挡介质板紧贴所述上电极,所述下阻挡介质板紧贴所述下电极,所述上阻挡介质板、下阻挡介质板之间留有放电缝隙,所述上电极上设置有若干个等距排列的进气缝隙,所述上阻挡介质板上同样设置有若干个等距排列的进气缝隙,所述进气缝隙上连接有进气导管,所述放卷辊释放的待处理薄膜依次经过所述放卷调整辊、放电缝隙、收卷调整辊和牵引辊后被所述收卷辊收卷。
优选的,所述上电极和所述上阻挡介质板和/或所述下阻挡介质板和所述下电极高度方向可调。
优选的,所述放卷辊、放卷调整辊、收卷调整辊、牵引辊和收卷辊中心轴线平行设置。
优选的,所述放卷辊和所述收卷辊均为气胀辊。
一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤;
a:将待处理薄膜固定到放卷辊上,通过放卷辊转动放卷并将待处理薄膜调整到离子体沉积区域中放电缝隙的中间位置;
b:上电极接高压电源,下电极接地,接通电源之后,通过进气导管通入至少一种工作气体和前驱体使放电缝隙中产生大气压低温等离子体;
c:待处理薄膜通过沉积区域,前驱体在等离子体作用下发生一定的物理、化学变化在待处理薄膜表面沉积至少一层功能层;
d:待处理薄膜通过沉积区域后通过牵引辊提供动力,通过收卷辊进行已处理薄膜的收卷。
优选的,所述牵引辊的转速可调,通过调整所述牵引辊的转速调整薄膜的运行速度,从而改变所述待处理薄膜在沉积区域停留的时间,进而改变沉积层厚度。
优选的,所述功能层包括高绝缘性能层和高介电常数层。
优选的,所述功能层包括单层沉积或多层不同物质沉积。
优选的,所述前驱体包括正硅酸乙酯、氨气、硅烷、乙醇钽、乙醇锆和乙醇铪中一种或多种,所述工作气体包括氦气、氩气、氮气、空气和氧气中一种或多种。
优选的,所述高压电源为纳秒脉冲高压电源、微秒脉冲高压电源、高频正弦高压电源或射频电源。
本发明公开了以下技术效果:
1、本发明可以实现大规模的连续化生产,可以与现有聚合物电容器薄膜生产速度相匹配,并且可以与现有聚合物电容器薄膜加工的挤出拉伸制造工艺相兼容,可灵活配置在目前现有聚合物电容器薄膜加工生产线上。生产过程中无须引入特殊的处理工艺和特殊材料。
2、本发明运行环境要求低,可在大气压、室温条件下实现聚合物电容器薄膜表面的功能层沉积。
3、本发明可以通过改变不同前驱体在聚合物电容器薄膜表面沉积不同的功能层,赋予聚合物电容器薄膜不同的功能。也可以对各种聚合物电容器薄膜进行沉积处理,对聚合物电容器薄膜没有特殊性质要求。
4、本发明可通过收放卷辊的转动速度调节装置运行速度,从而改变沉积层厚度和聚合物电容器薄膜处理时间。
5、本发明生产过程中仅消耗电能,所用材料为惰性气体和环保型前驱体,不会造成环境污染。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性、劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明结构示意图;
图2为本发明上电极、上阻挡介质板截面结构示意图;
其中,放卷辊1,放卷调整辊2,待处理薄膜3,收卷调整辊4,牵引辊5,收卷辊6,已处理薄膜7,上电极8,下电极9,上阻挡介质板10,下阻挡介质板11,放电缝隙12,进气缝隙13,进气导管14。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
参考图1-图2,本发明提供一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,包括顺次设置的放卷辊1、放卷调整辊2、离子体沉积区域、收卷调整辊4、牵引辊5和收卷辊6,离子体沉积区域内从上到下依次设置有上电极8、上阻挡介质板10、下阻挡介质板11和下电极9,上阻挡介质板10紧贴上电极8,下阻挡介质板11紧贴下电极9,上阻挡介质板10、下阻挡介质板11之间留有放电缝隙12,上电极8上设置有若干个等距排列的进气缝隙13,上阻挡介质板10上同样对应设置有进气缝隙13,进气缝隙13上连接有进气导管14,放卷辊1为气胀辊,放卷辊1释放的待处理薄膜3经过放卷调整辊2调整待处理薄膜3的位置、保证其处于放电缝隙12的中间位置,之后待处理薄膜3通过离子体沉积区,在经过收卷调整辊4调整已处理薄膜7的位置,调整后的已处理薄膜7经过牵引辊5牵引后被收卷辊6收卷,收卷辊6同样为气胀辊,实现了薄膜在沉积区域的平稳、可控的运动。
进一步优化方案,高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置还包括架体(图中未标示),上电极8和上阻挡介质板10和/或下阻挡介质板11和下电极9在架体上实现高度方向的调整,放电缝隙在0.2mm-20mm之间,保证放电缝隙中产生均匀、稳定的等离子体放电。
进一步优化方案,放卷辊1、放卷调整辊2、收卷调整辊4、牵引辊5和收卷辊6中心轴线平行设置,并且放卷辊1、放卷调整辊2、收卷调整辊4、牵引辊5和收卷辊6与架体固定,放卷调整辊2和收卷调整辊4在高度方向可上下调节,保证薄膜中心轴线与等离子体沉积区域的中心轴线重合,具体的结构可以为在架体上设置有气缸,气缸的一端连接架体,另一端连接放卷调整辊2或收卷调整辊4,通过气缸的伸缩运动带动放卷调整辊2或收卷调整辊4高度方向的调节,保证生产的平稳连续性。
一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产方法,包括如下步骤;
a:将待处理薄膜3固定到放卷辊1上,通过放卷辊1转动放卷并将待处理薄膜3调整到离子体沉积区域中放电缝隙12的中间位置;
b:上电极8接高压电源,下电极9接地,接通电源之后,通过进气导管14通入至少一种工作气体和前驱体使放电缝隙12中产生大气压低温等离子体;
c:待处理薄膜3通过沉积区域,前驱体在等离子体作用下发生一定的物理、化学变化在待处理薄膜3表面沉积至少一层功能层;
d:待处理薄膜3通过沉积区域后通过牵引辊5提供动力,通过收卷辊6进行已处理薄膜7的收卷。
进一步优化方案,牵引辊5的转速可调,通过调整牵引辊5的转速调整薄膜的运行速度,从而改变待处理薄膜3在沉积区域停留的时间,进而改变沉积层厚度。
进一步优化方案,进气导管14上设置有流量计,流量控制在0.5-20L/min,保证沉积层均匀、致密。
进一步优化方案,功能层包括高绝缘性能层和高介电常数层。
进一步优化方案,进气导管14可同时通入至少一种前驱体和工作气体使薄膜表面形成单层沉积,进气导管14沿生产方向也可为至少两部分,分别通入不同的至少一种工作气体和前驱体使薄膜表面形成多层不同物质沉积。
进一步优化方案,前驱体包括正硅酸乙酯、氨气、硅烷、乙醇钽、乙醇锆和乙醇铪中一种或多种,工作气体包括氦气、氩气、氮气、空气和氧气中一种或多种,前驱体可以是气体或液体,气体通过进气导管14可直接通入,液体通过进气导管14内通过的工作气体吹入沉积区域。
更进一步的说,使用正硅酸乙酯前驱体沉积高绝缘二氧化硅层,使用氨气和硅烷前驱体沉积高绝缘氮化硅层,使用乙醇钽沉积高介电常数五氧化二钽层,使用乙醇锆沉积高介电常数二氧化锆层,使用乙醇铪沉积高介电常数二氧化铪层。
进一步优化方案,所述高压电源为纳秒脉冲高压电源、微秒脉冲高压电源、高频正弦高压电源或射频电源。电源参数调节以能够产生均匀、稳定的等离子体放电为标准,电源参数包括、电压幅值、放电频率、脉冲宽度、脉冲上升沿等,保证介质阻挡放电缝隙中产生均匀、稳定的等离子体放电。
进一步优化方案,待处理聚合物薄膜为目前所用到的各种聚合物电容器薄膜,包括但不限于聚丙烯薄膜、聚酯薄膜、聚碳酸酯薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚醚酮薄膜、聚苯硫醚薄膜等。
本发明实现了在聚合物电容器薄膜表面大规模连续化沉积功能层,利用功能层具有的特有性质,如高绝缘性能和高介电常数性能,分别提高聚合物电容器薄膜在高温高场作用下的充放电效率和能量密度,也可分层沉积提高上述性能。本发明能够实现大规模的连续化生产,可以与现有聚合物电容器薄膜生产速度相匹配,具有配置灵活、环境要求低、普适性强、处理速度快、生产成本低、无污染的优点。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:包括顺次设置的放卷辊(1)、放卷调整辊(2)、离子体沉积区域、收卷调整辊(4)、牵引辊(5)和收卷辊(6),所述离子体沉积区域内从上到下依次设置有上电极(8)、上阻挡介质板(10)、下阻挡介质板(11)和下电极(9),所述上阻挡介质板(10)紧贴所述上电极(8),所述下阻挡介质板(11)紧贴所述下电极(9),所述上阻挡介质板(10)、下阻挡介质板(11)之间留有放电缝隙(12),所述上电极(8)上设置有若干个等距排列的进气缝隙(13),所述上阻挡介质板(10)上同样设置有若干个等距排列的进气缝隙(13),所述进气缝隙(13)上连接有进气导管(14),所述放卷辊(1)释放的待处理薄膜(3)依次经过所述放卷调整辊(2)、放电缝隙(12)、收卷调整辊(4)和牵引辊(5)后被所述收卷辊(6)收卷;
所述上电极(8)和所述上阻挡介质板(10)和/或所述下阻挡介质板(11)和所述下电极(9)高度方向可上下调整;
所述放卷辊(1)、放卷调整辊(2)、收卷调整辊(4)、牵引辊(5)和收卷辊(6)中心轴线平行设置;
高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产方法,包括如下步骤;
a:将待处理薄膜(3)固定到放卷辊(1)上,通过放卷辊(1)转动放卷并将待处理薄膜(3)调整到离子体沉积区域中放电缝隙(12)的中间位置;
b:上电极(8)接高压电源,下电极(9)接地,接通电源之后,通过进气导管(14)通入至少一种工作气体和前驱体使放电缝隙(12)中产生大气压低温等离子体;
c:待处理薄膜(3)通过沉积区域,前驱体在等离子体作用下发生一定的物理、化学变化在待处理薄膜(3)表面沉积至少一层功能层;
d:待处理薄膜(3)通过沉积区域后通过牵引辊(5)提供动力,通过收卷辊(6)进行已处理薄膜(7)的收卷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述放卷辊(1)和所述收卷辊(6)均为气胀辊。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述牵引辊(5)的转速可调,通过调整所述牵引辊(5)的转速调整薄膜的运行速度,从而改变所述待处理薄膜(3)在沉积区域停留的时间,进而改变沉积层厚度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述功能层包括高绝缘性能层和高介电常数层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述功能层包括单层沉积或多层不同物质沉积。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述前驱体包括正硅酸乙酯、氨气、硅烷、乙醇钽、乙醇锆和乙醇铪中一种或多种,所述工作气体包括氦气、氩气、氮气、空气和氧气中一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高温高性能电容器薄膜连续生产装置,其特征在于:所述高压电源为纳秒脉冲高压电源、微秒脉冲高压电源、高频正弦高压电源或射频电源。
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