CN108961894B - Experimental simulation device for simulating release of sludge pollutants at lower bottom of gate under gate opening condition and application of experimental simulation device - Google Patents
Experimental simulation device for simulating release of sludge pollutants at lower bottom of gate under gate opening condition and application of experimental simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108961894B CN108961894B CN201810460424.4A CN201810460424A CN108961894B CN 108961894 B CN108961894 B CN 108961894B CN 201810460424 A CN201810460424 A CN 201810460424A CN 108961894 B CN108961894 B CN 108961894B
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- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental simulation device for simulating the release of sludge pollutants at the bottom of a gate under the opening condition of the gate, which comprises an experimental water tank with an opening at the top, wherein the experimental water tank is divided into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity by the gate, and the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity have certain liquid level difference; the gate is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the variable speed motor; an artificial imitation mud groove is laid in the downstream cavity; an energy dissipation inclined plate is arranged at the tail end of the downstream cavity, and the included angle between the energy dissipation inclined plate and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees; and a slope changing device is arranged at the bottom of the experimental water tank. The experimental simulation device can realize the indoor research on the release condition of sediment pollutants when water flow impacts sediment during opening the brake; meanwhile, the experiment simulation device does not need to be very long, and the problem that strong backflow and reflected waves formed by the side wall at the tail end of the water tank influence the experiment result due to disturbance of the water flow in the experiment area when the water tank is opened and drained can be well solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental simulation device in the field of water environment protection research, and further relates to application of the experimental simulation device in reduction simulation of pollution release of bottom mud under the condition that a gate is opened and a lower gate is opened.
Background
The sluice is a low-head hydraulic structure built in river channels, canal systems, reservoirs, lakes and coastal areas, and the sluice is used for controlling the flow of water and regulating the water level. The gate building is beneficial to the reasonable allocation of water resources, the contradiction between water resource supply and demand caused by uneven time-space distribution of water resources in China is relieved, and the maximization of water resource benefits is further realized; but also can improve the capability of the riverway to resist natural disasters such as flood, drought, alkali and the like, reduce the frequency and the degree of damage of the disasters and be beneficial to the full play of the social service function of the river.
With the continuous development of water conservancy project construction scales such as water gates and the like, the regulation and control intervention capacity of people on river water flow movement is increasingly enhanced, so that the influence of seasonal precipitation on the river flow change tends to be weakened, the natural power process before the gate is built on the river water flow movement is changed into the control response process after the gate is built, the hydraulic structure characteristics are obviously changed, and the migration and conversion process of pollutants in a sediment-overlying water system also shows a new rule. Particularly, in the river section near the sluice, when the sluice is opened to discharge water, the flow of the river channel is increased, and the downward discharge water flow forms impact disturbance on bottom mud under the sluice, so that the deposited particles in the bottom mud are obviously resuspended; the sediment plays an important role in the storage, migration and conversion of pollutants, is a carrier, a lodging and accumulation reservoir for the migration and conversion of the pollutants in the water body, and under the action of the discharged water flow, the accumulated and enriched pollutants in the sediment are released to the overlying water body in a large quantity along with the resuspension process, so that the pollution influence on the ecological environment of a sluice area and downstream water bodies is certainly generated. Therefore, the research on the release action mechanism of the river sediment pollutants by opening the sluice is necessary, and the research result can further and deeply understand the water-soil interface migration mechanism of the pollutants, and has theoretical guidance and practical significance for controlling the river pollution and improving the water quality condition of the river.
However, few reports exist on the research on the influence of the discharged water flow on the release of the sediment pollutants when the gate is opened, and the existing research mainly focuses on two aspects of the field original appearance and the mathematical model. The field original appearance is limited by complicated and changeable field natural factors, the microscopic exploration under the controlled condition cannot be realized, and meanwhile, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed, and the method is generally only used as general field investigation and theoretical verification; the essence of the mathematical model is the mathematical expression and solution mode of the mechanism, which is based on the fact that the research object is fully known and is difficult to reveal the undiscovered objective law. The influence of the discharged water flow on the release of the sludge and the pollutants at the bottom of the gate during the gate opening is not visible in the research of indoor experiments, so that the device is manufactured, and the experimental basis is provided for the subsequent research.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an experimental simulation device for simulating the release of bottom sludge pollutants under the condition of opening a gate, which can realize the indoor research on the release of bottom sludge deposition pollutants when the bottom sludge is impacted by a downward drainage water flow when the gate is opened; meanwhile, the experiment simulation device does not need to be very long, and the problem that strong backflow and reflected waves formed by the side wall at the tail end of the water tank influence the experiment result due to disturbance of the water flow in the experiment area when the water tank is opened and drained can be well solved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical means adopted by the invention is as follows:
an experiment simulation device for simulating the release of sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of a gate under the condition of opening the gate comprises an experiment water tank with an opening at the top, wherein the experiment water tank is divided into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity by the gate, and the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity have a certain liquid level difference; the gate is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the motor; an artificial imitation mud groove is laid in the downstream cavity; an energy dissipation inclined plate is arranged at the tail end of the downstream cavity, and the included angle between the energy dissipation inclined plate and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees; and a slope changing device is arranged at the bottom of the experimental water tank.
The slope changing device comprises a supporting rod, a lifting rod I and a lifting motor I for driving the lifting rod I to move longitudinally; the lifting rod I is located below the position of the gate, and the supporting rod is located below the downstream cavity.
The energy dissipation sloping plate is characterized in that a transverse sliding groove and a longitudinal sliding groove are formed in the inner side wall of the tail end of the downstream cavity, a lifting rod II and a lifting motor II driving the lifting rod II to move longitudinally are arranged at the bottom of the energy dissipation sloping plate, sliding blocks are further arranged at four corners of the energy dissipation sloping plate, and the sliding blocks are embedded into the corresponding sliding grooves respectively and move along the sliding grooves.
Wherein the artificial imitation mud groove is 80g/m from bottom to top in sequence2Short fiber needle-punched geotextile of 220g/m2Short fiber needle-punched geotextile, composite geotextile filter screen and 300g/m2The short fibers of the geotextile are needled; the side wall of the artificial imitation mud groove is sequentially composed of a composite geotechnical filter screen and a 300g/m filter screen from outside to inside2The short fiber needle-punched geotextile is enclosed and combined.
Wherein, still include the water receiving pond that is located the cavity below low reaches.
Wherein, still include water sample automatic acquisition device, deposit sediment column sample thief and velocity of flow measuring device.
The device comprises a water sample automatic acquisition device, a sedimentary sediment columnar sampler, a flow velocity measuring device, a motor, a lifting motor I and a lifting motor II, wherein the control device is further included, and the water sample automatic acquisition device, the sedimentary sediment columnar sampler, the flow velocity measuring device, the motor, the lifting motor I and the lifting motor II are all connected with the control device through a control bus.
The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the bottom sludge pollutants under the sluice opening condition is applied to the reduction simulation of the release of the bottom sludge pollutants under the sluice opening condition.
The specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the experimental simulation device can realize the indoor research on the release condition of sediment pollutants when the bottom mud is impacted by the downward-discharging water flow when the brake is opened; meanwhile, the experiment simulation device does not need to be very long, and the problem that strong backflow and reflected waves formed by the side wall at the tail end of the water tank influence the experiment result due to disturbance of the water flow in the experiment area when the water tank is opened and drained can be well solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sediment pollutant release simulation experiment device (without a measuring device) according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of an automatic water sample collection device of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an automatic water sample collection device of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an artificial imitation mud trough in the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to an experimental device for simulating the release process of deposited pollutants formed by water flow discharging impact on bottom mud of a gate under the condition of gate opening, which comprises a water tank energy dissipation device, a variable-speed lifting gate device and an automatic measuring device, wherein the power parts of all the devices are connected with a computer (a control device) through a control bus, so that the whole water discharging process, the measuring process and the display measuring result can be automatically controlled through the computer.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the experimental simulation device for simulating the release of sludge on the lower bottom of the gate under the gate opening condition comprises an experimental water tank 1 with an opening at the top, wherein the experimental water tank 1 is divided into an upstream cavity 19 and a downstream cavity 20 by a gate 3, and the upstream cavity 19 and the downstream cavity 20 have a certain liquid level difference; a variable speed motor 2 is arranged above the gate 3, and the gate 3 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the variable speed motor 2; an artificial imitation mud groove 18 is laid in the downstream cavity 20; the tail end of the downstream cavity 20 is provided with an energy dissipation inclined plate 6, and the included angle between the energy dissipation inclined plate 6 and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees; the bottom of the experimental water tank 1 is provided with a slope changing device which can enable the experimental water tank 1 to present a certain slope; the slope changing device comprises a support rod 5, a lifting rod I4 and a lifting motor I21 for driving the lifting rod 14 to move longitudinally; the supporting rod 5 is arranged at one side close to the energy dissipation sloping plate 6, the lifting rod I4 is arranged at the other side opposite to the supporting rod 5, and the height of the lifting rod I4 is adjusted manually or automatically (a lifting motor I21) to enable the experimental water tank 1 to form a certain gradient, so that the terrain slope ratio of an actual river can be accurately simulated, and test data are more accurate and reliable; a transverse sliding groove 9 and a longitudinal sliding groove 8 are arranged on the inner side wall of the tail end of the downstream cavity 20, a lifting rod II10 and a lifting motor I22 for driving the lifting rod II10 to move longitudinally are arranged at the bottom of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6, sliding blocks 7 are further arranged at four corners of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6, and the sliding blocks 7 are respectively embedded into the corresponding sliding grooves and move along the sliding grooves; the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 can freely adjust the height and angle of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 by up-and-down extension of the lifting rod II10, and when the included angle between the energy dissipation sloping plate and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees, the energy dissipation effect is the best; the device also comprises a water receiving tank 11 positioned below the downstream cavity 20, the water receiving tank 11 is used for receiving the experimental tail water overflowing through the energy dissipation inclined plate 6, and the water receiving tank 11 is preferably rectangular and can be square or round and the like.
The variable-speed lifting gate device is arranged in an experimental water tank 1 and comprises a gate 3 (scales are marked on the gate 3 to facilitate reading the opening degree of the gate 3 during an experiment) and a speed-adjustable motor 2 for starting the gate 3 to open and close; the gate 3 is opened to a certain opening degree through the starting of the variable speed motor 2, so that the impact of the discharged water flow on the deposited bottom mud at the moment of opening the gate can be simulated.
The experimental simulation device also comprises an automatic measuring device, the automatic measuring device comprises an automatic water sample collecting device and a non-contact flow velocity measuring device 12 arranged at the top of the experimental water tank 1, and in addition, the sediment sample is collected by a sediment column sampler. The flow rate measuring device 12 employs an ADV velocimeter, which is fixed on the top of the experimental water tank 1 by an ADV bracket 13. The automatic water sample collection device comprises rotatable carousel 24 and test tube 25, adopt the peristaltic pump water intaking mode, by controlling means control work, be provided with 5 valved thief hatch 23 as the sampling point along vertical at the lateral wall of experiment basin 1, after confirming the time interval, open the valve, drive test tube 25 through rotating carousel 24 and rotate, make the water sample of different moments get into in the different test tube 25, make things convenient for the different time of follow-up analysis, different vertical water samples (mainly be the release condition of deposit bed mud pollutant in the analysis water sample, see the content of pollutant in the water and the contaminated condition of water).
A mud groove 18 is arranged at the bottom of the experimental water tank 1 at a certain distance downstream of the gate 3, is a simulation experiment area for pollution release of the sediment, and collects sediment samples for analysis through a sediment column sampler after the water drainage process is finished; water is injected into the experimental water tank 1 to form a water level difference between the upstream and the downstream, and then the variable speed motor 2 is started to open the gate 3 to form a downward drainage water flow; after the water flow reaches the energy dissipation sloping plate 6, the kinetic energy is lost in climbing along the energy dissipation sloping plate 6, and finally the kinetic energy overflows the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 and enters the water receiving tank 11, so that the strong backflow formed by the fact that the downward water flow in the traditional water tank collides with the side wall at the tail end of the water tank and the disturbance and influence of the reflected wave on the water flow of the experimental area are effectively avoided, the impact process of the opening water flow on the bottom mud under the gate in a natural state can be reduced, and the condition that the sediment pollution is released under the gate under the special hydrodynamic condition can be simulated.
The preferred arrangement of the mud groove 18 of the experimental simulation device of the present invention is as follows: firstly, a layer of 80g/m with the thickness of 11.5cm is paved at the bottom of an experimental water tank 12The short fiber needle-punched geotextile 18-1 is laid with a layer of 220g/m with the thickness of 6.5cm2The short fiber of the geotextile 18-2 is needled; then, sequentially paving a high polymer material composite geotechnical filter screen 18-3 with the void ratio of 1: 9 and the thickness of 4cm and a 300g/m composite geotechnical filter screen with the thickness of 3.5cm218-4 parts of the short fiber needle-punched geotextile; the side wall of the mud groove 18 is provided with a high polymer material composite geotechnical filter screen with the void ratio of 1: 9 and a 300g/m2The short fiber needle-punched geotextile. The structure of the mud trough 18 of the present invention substantially reduces the bottom permeability of the bottom mud in its natural state.
The application of the experimental simulation device in reducing and simulating the pollution release of the bottom mud under the condition that the gate is opened and the lower gate comprises the following steps:
step one, filling sediment: the sediment bottom mud (bottom mud dug in the river) for the test is loaded into the mud groove 18 of the experimental water tank 1 and stands for a period of time;
step two, adjusting the gradient of the experimental water tank 1: according to the actual terrain slope ratio, the slope of the experimental water tank 1 is adjusted by adjusting the lifting rod I4 at the bottom of the experimental water tank 1 to ascend or descend; thirdly, adjusting the angle of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6: according to the requirements of experimental research, the height and the angle of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 are adjusted through the sliding block 7, the transverse sliding groove 9, the longitudinal sliding groove 8 and the lifting rod II 10; when the gradient of the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 is 15-25 degrees, the energy dissipation effect is best;
fourthly, injecting water into the experimental water tank 1: water is slowly injected into the upstream and downstream of the gate 3 respectively, so that disturbance to deposited bottom mud is reduced as much as possible, and a certain water level height difference is formed between the upstream and downstream;
step five, opening the gate 3: the gate 3 is opened by starting the variable speed motor 2 to a certain opening degree, so that the impact of water flow on deposited bottom mud during opening is simulated; the opening degree of the gate 3 is not more than 8cm, otherwise, the impact force of the downward discharge water flow is insufficient;
sixthly, sediment and water body sampling and testing: sampling the water body in the experimental water tank 1 by using an automatic acquisition device, sampling the sediment in the experimental water tank 1 by using a sediment column sampler, and testing the sample;
step seven, flow rate measurement: the flow velocity of the water in the experimental water tank 1 is measured by the flow velocity measuring device 12.
The experimental water tank 1 in the experimental simulation device can adjust the gradient, namely the experimental water tank can accurately simulate the terrain slope ratio of an actual river, so that the test data is more accurate and reliable; simultaneously, the water flow enters the water receiving tank 11 through the energy dissipation sloping plate 6 to eliminate wave energy, so that the impact process of the open-gate water flow on bottom mud under the gate in a natural state can be reduced, and the condition of pollution release of the bottom mud deposition under the gate under the special hydrodynamic condition can be simulated. The device can accurately simulate the hydrodynamic condition when the gate is opened and the water is drained, so that the problem of pollution release of the bottom mud can be researched under the action of the unique hydraulic impact environment.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an experimental simulation device of mud pollutant release under simulation gate opening condition under the floodgate, its characterized in that: the experimental water tank is divided into an upstream cavity and a downstream cavity by the gate, and the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity have certain liquid level difference; the gate is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the variable speed motor; an artificial imitation mud groove is laid in the downstream cavity; an energy dissipation inclined plate is arranged at the tail end of the downstream cavity, and the included angle between the energy dissipation inclined plate and the horizontal plane is 15-25 degrees; the bottom of the experimental water tank is provided with a slope changing device; the energy dissipation device is characterized in that a transverse sliding groove and a longitudinal sliding groove are formed in the inner side wall of the tail end of the downstream cavity, a lifting rod II and a lifting motor II for driving the lifting rod II to move longitudinally are arranged at the bottom of the energy dissipation inclined plate, sliding blocks are further arranged at four corners of the energy dissipation inclined plate, and the sliding blocks are embedded into the corresponding sliding grooves respectively and move along the sliding grooves.
2. The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of the gate under the opening condition of the gate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the slope changing device comprises a supporting rod, a lifting rod I and a lifting motor I which drives the lifting rod I to move longitudinally.
3. The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of the gate under the opening condition of the gate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the artificial imitation mud groove is 80g/m from bottom to top in sequence2Short fiber needle-punched geotextile of 220g/m2Short fiber needle-punched geotextile, composite geotextile filter screen and 300g/m2The short fibers of the geotextile are needled; the side wall of the artificial imitation mud groove is sequentially composed of a composite geotechnical filter screen and a 300g/m filter screen from outside to inside2The short fiber needle-punched geotextile is enclosed and combined.
4. The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of the gate under the opening condition of the gate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water receiving tank is positioned below the downstream cavity.
5. The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of the gate under the opening condition of the gate as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises an automatic water sample acquisition device, a sedimentary sediment columnar sampler and a flow velocity measurement device.
6. The experimental simulation device for simulating the release of the sludge pollutants on the lower bottom of the gate under the opening condition of the gate as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the device also comprises a control device, and the water sample automatic acquisition device, the sedimentary sediment columnar sampler, the flow velocity measurement device, the motor, the lifting motor I and the lifting motor II are connected with the control device through a control bus.
7. The use of the experimental simulation device for simulating the release of bottom sediment under the sluice under the condition of opening the sluice as recited in claim 1 for reducing and simulating the release of bottom sediment under the sluice under the condition of opening the sluice.
8. The application of the experimental simulation device for simulating the release of bottom sediment under the gate under the condition of opening the gate according to claim 7 in the aspect of reducing and simulating the release of bottom sediment under the condition of opening the gate, is characterized in that: the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
step 1, filling sediment: loading the sediment bottom mud for the test into an artificial imitation mud groove of a downstream cavity, and standing for a period of time;
step 2, adjusting the gradient of the experimental water tank: according to the actual terrain slope ratio, the slope of the experimental water tank is adjusted through the lifting rod I;
step 3, adjusting the water level of the downstream cavity: according to the actual water level of the river under the gate, the included angle between the energy dissipation inclined plate and the horizontal plane is adjusted through the lifting rod II, and then the water level of the downstream cavity is adjusted;
step 4, respectively filling water into the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity to enable the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity to form a certain water level height difference;
step 5, opening the gate, and simulating the impact of water flow on bottom mud when the gate is opened;
step 6, sampling the sediment and the water body in the experimental water tank through an automatic water sample collecting device and a sediment columnar sampler, and analyzing and detecting the samples; and simultaneously, measuring the flow velocity of the water body in the experimental water tank by using the flow velocity measuring device.
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| CN104502540A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 河海大学 | Shore/beach sediment release simulation experiment device and shore/beach sediment simulation experiment method |
| CN206179295U (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南工程职业技术学院 | Exploratory trench engineering situation teaching device in school |
| CN106902569A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-30 | 河海大学 | A kind of collection pretreatment system of city overland runoff early-stage rainwater |
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2018
- 2018-05-14 CN CN201810460424.4A patent/CN108961894B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10282875A (en) * | 1997-04-11 | 1998-10-23 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Collapsed house simulator and saving training method |
| CN104502540A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-08 | 河海大学 | Shore/beach sediment release simulation experiment device and shore/beach sediment simulation experiment method |
| CN206179295U (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南工程职业技术学院 | Exploratory trench engineering situation teaching device in school |
| CN106902569A (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2017-06-30 | 河海大学 | A kind of collection pretreatment system of city overland runoff early-stage rainwater |
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