CN108956770A - A kind of intelligence hammer and screening method for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw - Google Patents
A kind of intelligence hammer and screening method for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw Download PDFInfo
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- CN108956770A CN108956770A CN201810722316.XA CN201810722316A CN108956770A CN 108956770 A CN108956770 A CN 108956770A CN 201810722316 A CN201810722316 A CN 201810722316A CN 108956770 A CN108956770 A CN 108956770A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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Abstract
A kind of intelligence hammer for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw of invention, consists of two parts: pulse hammer and signal processing box.Pulse hammer is used to tap the surface of the tested wooden component, and sensing taps force signal.Signal processing box is made of shell, signal processing hardware and software, and signal processing hardware is made of five parts such as signal conditioner, A/D conversion module, single-chip microcontroller, display screen, batteries；Major function is pretreatment, acquisition, analysis processing percussion force signal, provides judgement with the presence or absence of defect to part interior is tapped.Invention is a kind of based on the historic building fire prevention internal flaw screening method intelligently hammered into shape, specific steps are as follows: (1) adjusts intelligence hammer and arrive working condition；(2) the wooden component surface is tapped, percussion power duration t and proportionality coefficient R are measured；(3) judge the wooden component inside defect situation.Advantage and effect of the present invention are: can whether there is the defects of empty, rotten inside lossless, quick judgement historic building fire prevention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of historic building fire prevention internal flaw non-destructive testing device and appraisal procedures, belong to ancient building wood
Structure non-destructive testing and protection field.
Background technique
There are a large amount of full-wood or the internal ancient building for largely using timber in China.In the repairerment of historic building structure
During protection, needs to follow the principle of " respect history respects historical relic, do not change original state, minimal intervention ", i.e., permit in condition
Perhaps possess the original wooden component in the case where as far as possible.So judge with regard to needing first to carry out wheel detection work before repairerment
The defect situation and residual mechanical properties of each wood component, wherein the wooden component defects detection is the primary work in each detection work.
Historic building fire prevention refers to component of historic building structure, including column, beam, purlin (purlin), a tree, used in making timber for boats etc..To the wood for not holding layer
For component, defect can be divided into External Defect and two kinds of internal flaw.The wooden member exterior defect generally includes crackle, surface corruption
Rotten, material deficiency and mechanical damage etc..In ancient building detection work, the detection work of these defects is comparatively easy.
Testing staff can judge the type and size of External Defect by range estimation and some simple dimensional measurements.
The wooden component inside defect mainly includes internal auxiliary relay and interior void.Internal auxiliary relay is since the wooden component is by thin
The material variation that the infringement such as bacterium, disease pest is generated from inside, internal auxiliary relay development will become interior void to a certain extent.Due to
The preciousness of wood-structure old building and the complexity of structure, testing staff are not usually allowing arbitrarily to disassemble the wooden component or are appointing
Detection work is carried out in the case where what destructive procedure, so detection work is more troublesome, difficulty for opposite outer defect
Greatly.Currently, testing staff needs to carry out the wooden component inside defects detection work using some non-destructive testing technologies.
Currently, historic building fire prevention internal flaw non-destructive testing process generally includes preliminary screening, confirmatory screening and essence
Really three steps of detection.Preliminary screening refers to the rapid system investigation of the wooden component inside defect, i.e., is with entire timber structure
Object tentatively quickly judges the possible position of the wooden component and defect there may be internal flaw；Confirmatory screening refers to pair
There may be the estimations that the wooden component of internal flaw carries out defect confirmation and size；Accurate detection, which refers to, accurately judges internal lack
Sunken shape and size.
For a specific historic building fire prevention, the preliminary screening of internal defects is mainly using percussion detection and outside
Observe two methods.Both methods is mainly to rely on the experience and feeling of testing staff, by listening hand hammer to tap the wooden piece table
There may be the positions of internal flaw tentatively to judge the wooden component for the sound of face sending and range estimation.For example, as hand hammer percussion have it is bright
Aobvious empty sound, then the wooden component inside is likely to have cavity or serious rotten presence.Anyway, due to experience and feeling
Dependence it is very strong, fail to judge, misjudgment phenomenon happens occasionally, need a kind of intelligent tool preliminary to improve the wooden component inside defect
The accuracy of screening.
A kind of intelligence hammer and screening method for historic building fire prevention internal flaw preliminary screening of invention, can
Whether automatic collection, processing, analysis impact force signal, deposit according to the stiffness variation intelligent recognition wood component inside for being tapped position
In defect.It is a kind of intelligent tool and method of convenient, fast, lossless screening wood component inside defect, avoids to detection
The dependence of person's experience and feeling.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to propose to a kind of for the intelligence hammer of the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw and screening
Method makes dependence of the removal to operator's experience and feeling during the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw, automatically,
Intelligent decision is tapped the whether defective presence of part interior.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of intelligence hammer for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw of the present invention, mainly consists of two parts:
Pulse hammer and signal processing box, as shown in Figure 1.The major function of pulse hammer is to tap the surface of the tested wooden component, and sensing taps
Force signal.The major function of signal processing box is pretreatment, acquisition, analysis processing percussion force signal, is to part interior is tapped
No existing defects provide judgement.
Pulse hammer is made of tup, force snesor, hammer body, hammer handle etc., as shown in Figure 2.Force snesor requires as included IC
The piezo crystals figure sensor of amplifier, hammer head material is aluminium alloy.
Signal processing box is made of shell, signal processing hardware and software.As shown in figure 3, shell is divided into upper cover and lower casing,
There are bnc interface, charging interface, display screen and power switches on shell.Signal processing hardware is converted by signal conditioner, A/D
Five part such as module, single-chip microcontroller, display screen, battery composition.Signal condition of the electric signal through connecting below of force snesor output
After device processing, passed in single-chip microcontroller using A/D conversion module；After single-chip microcontroller analysis processing, inspection is shown on display screen
Survey result.Wherein, signal conditioner, A/D conversion module, single-chip microcontroller and display screen are all battery powered.
Invention is a kind of based on the historic building fire prevention internal flaw screening method intelligently hammered into shape, specially following step
It is rapid:
(1) intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition.
Pulse hammer and signal processing box are connected with coaxial data line, opening signal handle box power switch adjusts intelligence hammer
Save working condition.
(2) the wooden component surface is tapped.
The wooden component surface is tapped, percussion power the duration t and proportionality coefficient R at this are measured after tapping every time.Percussion power
Duration, t was as shown in Figure 4.Proportionality coefficient R=B/ (A+B), wherein A, B meaning are as shown in figure 5, respectively two band oblique line portions
The area divided, fmaxThe minimum dot frequency of the first rank of amplitude for being force signal auto-power spectrum when ordinate unit is dB.
(3) judge the wooden component inside defect.
Percussion time of contact t and proportionality coefficient R and respective critical value t at this will be obtained after each tapj、RjComparison,
If it find that the magnitude of two parameters differs by more than 20% with respective critical value, then illustrate inside existing defects at this；And
Phase difference is bigger, and description defect size is bigger or defect is closer apart from surface.
The tested wooden component surface different location point of selection taps, until wood component detection finishes.
The present invention it is a kind of for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw intelligence hammer and screening method, advantage and
Effect is: energy is lossless, quickly and easily judges that historic building fire prevention inside whether there is the defects of empty, rotten, will be traditional
The wooden component inside defect tap screening carried out instrumentation；Compared with tradition taps screening, eliminate to tester's experience
It relies on, improves Detection accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show intelligence hammer composition block diagram of the invention
Fig. 2 show pulse hammer schematic diagram
Fig. 3 show signal processing box structure schematic diagram
Fig. 4, which is shown, taps pulse force signal time domain schematic diagram
Fig. 5, which is shown, taps pulse force signal auto-power spectrum schematic diagram
Fig. 6 show signal processing flow figure
Specific label and symbol description are as follows in figure:
1, IEPE signal conditioner 2, A/D conversion module 3, single-chip microcontroller
4, display screen 5, rechargeable battery 6, upper cover
7, lower casing 8, charge port 9, bnc interface
10, power switch
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical scheme is described further.
A kind of intelligence hammer for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw of the present invention, mainly consists of two parts:
Pulse hammer and signal processing box, as shown in Figure 1, being connected between pulse hammer and signal processing box by the coaxial data line with BNC connector
It connects.The major function of pulse hammer is to tap the surface of the tested wooden component, and sensing taps force signal.The major function of signal processing box
It is pretreatment, acquisition, analysis processing percussion force signal, provides judgement with the presence or absence of defect to part interior is tapped.
Pulse hammer is made of tup, force snesor, hammer body, hammer handle etc., as shown in Figure 2.Force snesor requires as included IC
The piezo crystals figure sensor of amplifier, hammer head material is aluminium alloy.It is recommended that purchase is suitable for the detection of medium-sized component on the market
Pulse hammer, for example, INV9313 type power hammer, the manufacture of BK company of Denmark manufactured by Beijing Orient vibration and noise technique research
2302-10 type pulse hammer etc..
Signal processing box is made of shell, signal processing hardware and software.Signal processing hardware is by IEPE signal conditioner
1, five parts such as A/D conversion module 2, single-chip microcontroller 3, display screen 4, rechargeable battery 5 form.As shown in figure 3, shell is divided into upper cover 6
With lower casing 7, there are bnc interface 9, charging interface 8, display screen 4 and power switches 10 on shell；Bnc interface 9 is used for and pulse hammer
Data line connection, charging interface 8 are used to charge to rechargeable battery 5, and display screen 4 is for showing testing result.Force snesor is certainly
Piezo crystals figure sensor with IC amplifier, output is voltage signal；IEPE signal tune of the voltage signal through connecting below
Device 1 is managed, static bias voltage value, the dynamic voltage signal of output reflection dynamic force signal are removed；Using A/D conversion module 2
It passes in single-chip microcontroller 3, after single-chip microcontroller processing analysis, shows testing result on display screen 4.Wherein, signal conditioner 1,
A/D conversion module 2, single-chip microcontroller 3 and display screen 4 are all powered by rechargeable battery 5.
Signal processing flow
Signal processing flow figure is as shown in Figure 6.The signal processing flow can be used the soft and hardware mode that combines of processing into
Row.The wooden component surface is tapped with pulse hammer, force snesor sensing taps force signal.Force signal is acquired, force signal is handled: (1) being counted
It calculates and taps impulsive force signal duration t；(2) auto-power spectrum processing is carried out to force signal, calculates ratio coefficients R value.Comparison is originally
The impulsive force duration t of secondary percussion, proportionality coefficient R value and respective critical value, make it is internal whether defective judgement.It deposits
Storage, display result.So far beat signal processing, defect dipoles process terminate.
Invention is a kind of based on the historic building fire prevention internal flaw screening method intelligently hammered into shape, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition.
With the coaxial data line connection pulse hammer and signal processing box with BNC connector, opening signal handle box power switch,
Intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition.
(2) the wooden component surface is tapped.
The wooden component surface is tapped, percussion power the duration t and proportionality coefficient R at this are measured after tapping every time.Percussion power
Duration, t was as shown in Figure 4.Proportionality coefficient R=B/ (A+B), wherein A, B meaning are as shown in figure 5, respectively two band oblique line portions
The area divided, fmaxThe minimum dot frequency of the first rank of amplitude for being force signal auto-power spectrum when ordinate unit is dB.fmax
Numerical value needs trial test to determine, Wood Species difference will affect its size, such as Larch component fmax=2500Hz, camphor tree
Sub- pine component fmax=2000Hz.
(3) judge the wooden component inside defect.
Percussion power the duration t and proportionality coefficient R and respective critical value t at this will be obtained after each tapj、RjIt is right
Than if it find that the magnitude of two parameters differs by more than 20% with respective critical value, then illustrating inside existing defects at this；
And changing value is bigger, description defect size is bigger or defect is closer apart from surface.Two critical value tj、RjNeed trial test true
Fixed, Wood Species difference will affect its size, such as Larch component tj=1.07ms, Rj=0.4224, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica wood structure
Part tj=3.39ms, Rj=0.4355.
The tested wooden component surface different location point of selection taps, until wood component detection finishes.
Embodiment one:
Below with reference to the primary preliminary screening of an ancient building circle purlin internal flaw, illustrate that intelligence hammers the tool with screening process into shape
Body embodiment.The tree species of circle purlin are larch, diameter 26cm, length 460cm.
(1) intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition.
With the coaxial data line connection pulse hammer and signal processing box with BNC connector, opening signal handle box power switch,
Intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition.
(2) circle purlin component surface is tapped.
The location point for selecting circle purlin surface different taps, and percussion power duration t and the ratio at this are measured after tapping every time
Example coefficients R.For example, the percussion of location point 1 measures t1=1.06ms, R1=0.420；The percussion of location point 2 measures t2=1.40ms, R2
=0.308.
(3) judge the wooden component inside defect.
Percussion time of contact t and proportionality coefficient R and respective critical value t at this will be obtained after each tapj、RjComparison,
For example,It is less than 20%, illustrates do not have defect inside location point 1；AndMore than 20%, illustrate 2 inside existing defects of location point.
Along circle purlin length direction, a cross-sectional periphery is determined every 10cm, each circumference selects 4 different location points to tap inspection
It surveys；It was found that part interior remains the size for determining it with micro- brill resistance dynamometer in next step there are a cavity blemish among circle purlin
And depth.So far the preliminary screening of circle purlin wood component inside defect finishes.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of intelligence hammer for the preliminary screening of historic building fire prevention internal flaw of the present invention, it is characterised in that: this is intelligently hammered into shape
Consist of two parts: pulse hammer and signal processing box；
The pulse hammer is made of tup, force snesor, hammer body, hammer handle etc.；Force snesor requires as included IC amplifier
Piezo crystals figure sensor, hammer head material are aluminium alloy；It is recommended that purchase is suitable for the pulse hammer of medium-sized component detection on the market；
The signal processing box is made of shell, signal processing hardware and software；Signal processing hardware is by IEPE signal condition
Five parts such as device 1, A/D conversion module 2, signal processing circuit board 3, display screen 4, battery 5 composition；Force snesor output is electricity
Signal is pressed, IEPE signal conditioner of the signal through connecting below removes static bias voltage value, output reflection dynamic force signal
Dynamic voltage signal；It passes in single-chip microcontroller using A/D conversion module, after single-chip microcontroller processing analysis, is shown on display screen
Testing result is shown；Wherein, signal conditioner, A/D conversion module, single-chip microcontroller and display screen are all battery powered.
2. invention is a kind of based on the historic building fire prevention internal flaw screening method intelligently hammered into shape, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) intelligence hammer is adjusted and arrives working condition:
With coaxial data line connection pulse hammer and signal processing box with BNC connector, opening signal handle box power switch, by intelligence
It can hammer into shape to adjust and arrive working condition；
(2) the wooden component surface is tapped:
The wooden component surface is tapped, percussion power the duration t and proportionality coefficient R at this are measured after tapping every time；Proportionality coefficient R=
B/ (A+B), wherein A, B are respectively two areas with oblique line portion；fmaxIt in ordinate unit is dB for force signal auto-power spectrum
In the case of the minimum dot frequency of the first rank of amplitude, fmaxNumerical value needs trial test to determine, it is big that Wood Species difference will affect it
It is small, such as Larch component fmax=2500Hz, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica wood component fmax=2000Hz；
(3) judge the wooden component inside defect:
Percussion time of contact t and proportionality coefficient R and respective critical value t at this will be obtained after each tapj、RjComparison, if
It was found that the magnitude of two parameters differs by more than 20% with respective critical value, then illustrate inside existing defects at this；And change
Value is bigger, and description defect size is bigger or defect is closer apart from surface；Two critical value tj、RjTrial test is needed to determine, the wooden structure
Part tree species difference will affect its size, such as Larch component tj=1.07ms, Rj=0.4224, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica wood component tj=
3.39ms、Rj=0.4355；
The tested wooden component surface different location point of selection taps, until wood component detection finishes.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN109515472A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-26 | 北京天高科科技有限公司 | Rail traffic rail detection system based on sound wave |
| CN110471641A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2019-11-19 | 江苏新视云科技股份有限公司 | A kind of intelligence judicial mallet |
| CN111983020A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 绍兴市特种设备检测院 | Metal component internal defect knocking detection and identification system and identification method |
| CN116297130A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-06-23 | 东南大学 | Simple nail-shooting type wood decay detection instrument and assessment method |
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