CN116297130B - Simple nail-shooting type wood decay detection instrument and assessment method - Google Patents
Simple nail-shooting type wood decay detection instrument and assessment method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/46—Wood
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument and an evaluating method, wherein the instrument comprises a shell component and steel nails, and further comprises the following components: the ejection mechanism is connected with the shell assembly through the limit cylinder and is used for providing impact power for the steel nails; the impact assembly is connected with the shell assembly through a linear bearing and is used for impacting the steel nails; the limiting assembly A is connected with the ejection mechanism and used for limiting the ejection mechanism; according to the invention, steel nails can be shot into wood to be detected and sound wood with constant impulse, and the wood decay degree is estimated through the steel nail distance of the wood shot into the steel nails and related parameters, so that the aim of detecting and evaluating the wood member decay degree under different tree species, water content and biological influence factors is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wood microdamage detection, and particularly relates to a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detection instrument and an evaluation method.
Background
The ancient architecture of the wood structure in China is numerous, and cultural magnifications with important historical value, artistic value and scientific value are substance carriers for witnessing the evolution process of the Chinese civilization. Wood is used as a biological material, and in the long-term use process, decay and worm damage can occur due to natural weathering and biological invasion of insects, microorganisms and the like, so that the mechanical property is reduced. Therefore, the ancient architecture using wood as the structural material must be regularly surveyed for the condition of wood structure material, inspected for decay, worm damage, and the like, and correspondingly protected to ensure the safety of the ancient architecture. On the premise of not damaging the original wood member, the method scientifically detects the decay condition inside the wood member, and more accurately determines the decay degree and the residual mechanical strength of the wood member, thereby being a main technical problem in the maintenance and protection process of the current wood structure ancient building.
At present, qualitative visual detection and simple knocking are combined to survey the material condition of the wood structure of the ancient building in China, and quantitative evaluation on the material condition cannot be performed. Although research on detection technologies of stress waves, ultrasonic waves and impedance meters has been focused by scientific researchers, the methods are still in a test stage and lack corresponding evaluation standards, and when the method is used, the required accessories are numerous, the connecting lines are complex, the installation process is complicated, the detection efficiency is greatly reduced, and a certain distance is left from wide application.
Therefore, in the present stage, a mature nondestructive detection instrument and an evaluation method are developed, the decay grade of the wood member is scientifically divided on the basis of simply, conveniently and efficiently surveying the decay condition of the wood member, the accurate evaluation of the overall structure safety of the ancient building wood structure is facilitated, and the method has important significance for scientific application and development of the protection engineering of the ancient building wood structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument and an evaluating method, which solve the problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method of assessing wood decay comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the water content MC of the wood at the measured point i The steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum through a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument to enter the length L of the wood to be detected i Length L of entering intact wood 0 ；
S2, the steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum to enter the length of the wood to be testedL i Length L of entering intact wood 0 Subtracting from each other, dividing by the length L of the steel nails entering the intact wood 0 Obtaining the nailing depth increase rate of the corresponding measuring points of the decayed timber;
s3, comprehensively considering wood tree species, biological invasion and water content of measuring points to construct a calculation model of a wood member comprehensive evaluation index P, wherein the calculation model of the P is as follows:
wherein L is 0 Representing the length of the steel nail entering into the intact wood; n represents the number of measuring points, and n is more than or equal to 10; l (L) i Representing the detection length of the ith measuring point; MC (methyl cellulose) i Represents the moisture content (%) of the wood at the ith measuring point,representing a water content influence function; w (w) s Representing the corrosion resistance coefficient of tree species, the durability of common wood can be divided into non-durable tree species, slightly durable tree species and (strong) durable tree species, and 1,0.9,0.8 is respectively taken corresponding to the corrosion resistance coefficient in the invention; w (w) b Representing the biological invasion coefficient, wherein if the environment where the component is located has biological invasion such as bat, termite, moth, wood bee and the like, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.2, and if no biological invasion exists, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.0;
and S4, grading the decay degree of the wood component according to the index P.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention also provides the following optional technical schemes:
the technical scheme is as follows: the specific grading mode for grading the wood component decay degree according to the index P is as follows:
if P is 0, the wood member decay degree is class 0;
if 0<P is less than or equal to 25 percent, the wood member decay degree is 1 grade;
if P is more than or equal to 26% and less than or equal to 60%, the wood member is decayed to a level 2;
if P is more than or equal to 61% and less than or equal to 90%, the wood member is decayed to 3 grades;
if P >90%, the wood element decay degree is class 4.
A simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument is based on the wood decay evaluating method, and comprises a shell assembly and steel nails, and further comprises:
the ejection mechanism is connected with the shell assembly through the limit cylinder and is used for providing impact power for the steel nails;
the impact assembly is connected with the shell assembly through a linear bearing and is used for impacting the steel nails; and
the limiting component A is connected with the ejection mechanism and is used for limiting the ejection mechanism;
the ejection mechanism is used for impacting the impact assembly with constant momentum after the limit assembly A releases the limit, so that the impact assembly is driven to linearly move in the shell, the impact assembly is used for driving steel nails embedded in the impact assembly to punch out of the shell assembly and shoot into wood, the length of the steel nails shot into the intact wood and the length of the steel nails shot into the decayed wood are obtained, meanwhile, the decay degree of the decayed wood is evaluated in a decay wood evaluation method by taking the length of the steel nails shot into the decayed wood and the length of the steel nails in the intact wood, and the purposes of simple, convenient and quick detection and evaluation of the decay degree of wood components under different tree species, water content and biological influence factors are achieved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the shell assembly comprises a shell cap and a shell body, the shell body is composed of a cylinder body A, a cylinder body B, a cylinder body C and a cylinder body D which are linearly arranged and sequentially and fixedly connected, the inner diameters of the cylinder body A, the cylinder body B and the cylinder body C are sequentially reduced, the inner diameters of the cylinder body C and the cylinder body D are equal, the outer diameters of the cylinder body A, the cylinder body B and the cylinder body C are equal and are larger than the outer diameter of the cylinder body D, the cylinder body D is in threaded connection with a linear bearing which is in threaded connection with the shell cap, and the limiting cylinder is in threaded connection with the cylinder body A.
The technical scheme is as follows: the ejection mechanism comprises a shell, a rod body, a sliding block and an elastic piece A, wherein the rod body is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the rod body and the sliding block are in sliding fit with the shell, the shell is in sliding fit with a limiting cylinder, the shell is connected with a limiting assembly A, and the sliding block is connected with the shell through the elastic piece A and further comprises:
and the limiting component B is connected with the shell and is used for limiting the sliding block.
The technical scheme is as follows: the limiting assembly A comprises a limiting disc and a screw cap, the limiting disc is matched with an installation groove formed in the end portion of the shell, the screw cap is detachably connected with the threads of the shell through an external thread A formed in the installation groove, the shell, the limiting disc and the screw cap are linearly and sequentially arranged, the limiting disc is in sliding fit with the cylinder body B, the outer diameter of the limiting disc is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder body B, and the outer diameter of the limiting disc is larger than the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder.
The technical scheme is as follows: the impact assembly comprises a limiting block A and a cylindrical shaft, the cylindrical shaft is in sliding fit with the linear bearing, the two limiting blocks A are symmetrically arranged on the cylindrical shaft and are in threaded connection with the cylindrical shaft, grooves for placing steel nails are formed in the limiting block A, and central shafts of the limiting block A, the cylindrical shaft and a rod body are overlapped.
The technical scheme is as follows: the shell cap is provided with an internal thread A from one end far away from the through hole to one end close to the through hole, the barrel D is provided with an internal thread B, the shell cap and the shell body are respectively connected with the linear bearing through the internal thread A and the internal thread B, the wall thickness of a non-threaded area of the shell cap is larger than that of a threaded area, the barrel A is provided with a section of internal thread C from one end far away from the shell cap to one end close to the shell cap, and the barrel A is connected with a limiting cylinder through the internal thread C.
The technical scheme is as follows: limiting component B includes button, telescopic link, support frame, slide cylinder, mounting bracket and stopper B, button and casing sliding fit, the telescopic link is articulated with button and support frame, support frame and casing fixed connection, the telescopic link is articulated with the mounting bracket, mounting bracket and stopper B fixed connection, mounting bracket and fixed connection slide cylinder sliding fit on shells inner wall, the mounting bracket passes through elastic component B and is connected with the slide cylinder, stopper B uses with the spacing groove cooperation of seting up on the slider, stopper B is the wedge.
The application method of the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument is based on the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, recording the length of a steel nail, pushing the shell to slide along the limiting cylinder to enable the shell to be embedded into the shell, enabling the rod body to abut against the impact assembly, enabling the impact assembly to give a reaction force to the rod body, enabling the reaction force to push the rod body to shrink into the shell, enabling the rod body to push the sliding block to squeeze the elastic piece A until the sliding block is limited by the limiting assembly B, and completing the force storage operation of the ejection mechanism;
s2, enabling the steel nails to pass through the through holes formed in the shell caps, embedding the tail parts of the steel nails into the grooves formed in the limiting blocks A, pushing the steel nails until the steel nails are completely retracted into the shell assembly, simultaneously pushing the cylindrical shafts to linearly move along the linear bearings through the limiting blocks A, pushing the rod bodies to linearly move through the other limiting blocks A, and enabling the shells to extend out of the shell assembly and reset under the pushing of the rod bodies;
s3, respectively holding the shell and the shell component by two hands of a related technician, and vertically attaching the shell cap to the surface to be measured;
s4, releasing the limit of the limit component B on the sliding block, wherein the elastic component A pushes the sliding block to linearly move along the shell by utilizing the elasticity of the elastic component A, and simultaneously, the sliding block pushes the rod body to extend out of the shell and pushes the cylinder shaft to rapidly slide along the linear bearing in a manner of impacting the limit component A, so that steel nails embedded in the grooves are ejected;
s5, calculating the depth of steel nails shot into the wood to be tested and the intact wood, and obtaining the decay degree of the wood member to be tested according to the decay wood evaluation method.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument and an evaluation method, which have the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:
1. the invention enters the length L of decayed timber through steel nails i Length L of steel nail into intact wood 0 After subtraction, dividing by the length L of the steel nails entering the intact wood 0 Obtaining the nailing depth increasing rate of the decayed wood measuring points, further comprehensively considering factors such as wood tree species corrosion resistance, biological invasion condition, water content of the measuring points and the like, grading the decay degree of the wood members, and realizing quantitative evaluation of the decay degree of the wood members under the influence of multiple factors;
2. the invention can realize repeated measurement of wood decay degree of different tree species by using nail hole microdamage, and the device has simple and convenient assembly, high operation efficiency, stable energy emission and scientific and reasonable evaluation;
3. the fixed impact energy released by the ejection mechanism can be transmitted from the rod body to the cylindrical shaft of the linear bearing with extremely small friction coefficient, the cylindrical shaft can transmit the energy to the tail end of the steel nail along a straight line, the impact force direction is constant in the process, no extra friction consumption is caused, the energy stability of the steel nail when the steel nail is ejected into the wood to be tested can be effectively ensured, and the effectiveness of the length of the steel nail ejected into the wood is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a hidden 1/4 housing assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the housing assembly and the impact assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an ejection mechanism of the hidden 1/2 housing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion a of fig. 3, namely, a schematic view of the limiting component B according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the slide tube, the mounting frame and the elastic member B in the limiting assembly B of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the ejection mechanism and the limiting assembly a according to the present invention.
Reference numerals annotate: 1. a housing assembly; 101. a shell cap; 102. a shell body; 1021. a cylinder A; 1022. a cylinder B; 1023. a cylinder C; 1024. a cylinder D; 2. an impact assembly; 201. a limiting block A; 202. a cylindrical shaft; 3. an ejection mechanism; 301. a housing; 302. a rod body; 303. a slide block; 304. a button; 305. an elastic member A; 306. a storage barrel; 307. a limit groove; 308. a telescopic rod; 309. a support frame; 310. a slide cylinder; 311. a mounting frame; 312. a limiting block B; 313. an elastic member B; 4. a limit cylinder; 5. a linear bearing; 6. a limiting component A; 601. a limit disc; 602. a cap is screwed; 7. and a limiting component B.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
A method of assessing wood decay comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the water content MC of the wood at the measured point i The steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum through a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument to enter the length L of the wood to be detected i Length L of entering intact wood 0 ；
S2, the steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum to enter the length L of the wood to be tested i Length L of entering intact wood 0 Subtracting from each other, dividing by the length L of the steel nails entering the intact wood 0 Obtaining the nailing depth increase rate of the corresponding measuring points of the decayed timber;
s3, comprehensively considering wood tree species, biological invasion and water content of measuring points to construct a calculation model of a wood member comprehensive evaluation index P, wherein the calculation model of the P is as follows:
wherein L is 0 Representing the length of the steel nail entering into the intact wood; n represents the measurementThe number of points, n is more than or equal to 10; l (L) i Representing the detection length of the ith measuring point; MC (methyl cellulose) i Represents the moisture content (%) of the wood at the ith measuring point,representing a water content influence function; w (w) s Representing the corrosion resistance coefficient of tree species, the durability of common wood can be divided into non-durable tree species, slightly durable tree species and (strong) durable tree species, and 1,0.9,0.8 is respectively taken corresponding to the corrosion resistance coefficient in the invention; w (w) b Representing the biological invasion coefficient, wherein if the environment where the component is located has biological invasion such as bat, termite, moth, wood bee and the like, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.2, and if no biological invasion exists, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.0;
s4, grading the wood member decay degree according to an index P, wherein the grading standard is shown in the following table:
| grading of wood member decay degree | Index P (%) |
| 0 | 0 |
| 1 | 0～25 |
| 2 | 26～60 |
| 3 | 61～90 |
| 4 | ＞90 |
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, for a simple nail shooting type wood decay detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, based on the above wood decay evaluating method, the apparatus includes a housing assembly 1 and steel nails (not shown), and further includes:
the ejection mechanism 3 is connected with the shell assembly 1 through the limit cylinder 4 and is used for providing impact power for the steel nails;
the impact assembly 2 is connected with the shell assembly 1 through a linear bearing 5 and is used for impacting steel nails; and
the limiting component A6 is connected with the ejection mechanism 3 and is used for limiting the ejection mechanism 3;
the ejection mechanism 3 is used for impacting the impact assembly 2 through constant momentum after the limit assembly A6 is released, so that the impact assembly 2 is driven to perform linear motion in the shell, the impact assembly 2 is used for obtaining the length of the steel nails which are injected into the intact wood and the decay wood by pushing the steel nails which are embedded into the impact assembly 2 to punch out the shell assembly 1 and inject the steel nails into the wood, and meanwhile, the aim of simply, conveniently, quickly detecting and evaluating the decay degree of wood members under different tree species, water content and biological influence factors is fulfilled by taking the length of the steel nails which are injected into the decay wood and the decay wood into a decay wood evaluation method.
Specifically, the shell assembly 1 comprises a shell cap 101 and a shell body 102, the shell body 102 is composed of a cylinder A1021, a cylinder B1022, a cylinder C1023 and a cylinder D1024 which are linearly arranged and sequentially and fixedly connected, the cylinder inner diameters of the cylinder A1021, the cylinder B1022 and the cylinder C1023 are sequentially reduced, the cylinder inner diameters of the cylinder C1023 and the cylinder D1024 are equal, the cylinder outer diameters of the cylinder A1021, the cylinder B1022 and the cylinder C1023 are equal and are larger than the cylinder outer diameter of the cylinder D1024, the cylinder D1024 is connected with the shell cap 101 in a disassembling mode through a linear bearing 5, the linear bearing 5 is in threaded connection with the shell cap 101 and the cylinder D1024, and the limiting cylinder 4 is in threaded connection with the cylinder A1021. The purpose of this arrangement is to facilitate placement of the ejector mechanism 3, the impact assembly 2 and the spacing assembly A6 by the relevant technician.
Specifically, the shell cap 101 is a hollow cylinder with a top sealed at the front end, and through holes (not labeled in the figure) for placing steel nails are formed in the shell cap 101. The purpose of this arrangement is to facilitate placement of steel nails by the skilled person on the impact assembly 2 within the housing assembly 1.
Specifically, the shell cap 101 is provided with an internal thread a (not shown in the drawing) from one end far away from the through hole to one end close to the through hole, the cylinder D1024 is provided with an internal thread B (not shown in the drawing), the shell cap 101 and the shell body 102 are respectively in threaded connection with the linear bearing 5 through the internal thread a and the internal thread B, the cylinder a1021 is provided with an internal thread C from one end far away from the shell cap 101 to one end of the shell cap 101, the cylinder a1021 is in threaded connection with the limiting cylinder 4 through the internal thread C, and the wall thickness of a non-threaded area of the shell cap 101 is greater than that of a threaded area. The purpose of this kind of setting is, with spacing drum 4 and linear bearing 5 dismantlement installation on shell cap 101 and shell body 102 be convenient for later stage and assemble and dismantle whole device, simultaneously because the wall thickness of the unthreaded regional wall thickness of shell cap 101 is greater than the wall thickness of screw thread region, can inject the mounted position of linear bearing 5, makes linear bearing 5 one end card in the juncture of shell cap 101 internal screw thread region and branch screw thread region.
Specifically, the ejection mechanism 3 includes a housing 301, a rod 302, a slider 303, and an elastic member a305, where the rod 302 is fixedly connected with the slider 303, the rod 302 and the slider 303 are both slidably matched with the housing 301, the elastic member a305 is located in the housing 301, the elastic member a305 is fixedly connected with the slider 303 and the housing 301, the housing 301 is slidably matched with the limit cylinder 4, and the housing 301 is connected with the limit component A6, and further includes:
and the limiting component B7 is connected with the shell 301 and is used for limiting the sliding block 303. The related technician pushes the shell 301 to slide along the limit cylinder 4 to enable the shell 301 to be embedded into the shell body 102, at the moment, the rod body 302 pushes the impact assembly 2, the impact assembly 2 gives the rod body 302 a reaction force, the reaction force pushes the rod body 302 to shrink into the shell 301, meanwhile, the rod body 302 pushes the sliding block 303 to squeeze the elastic element A305 until the sliding block 303 is limited by the limit assembly B7 to finish the power storage operation of the ejection mechanism 3, the related technician releases the limit of the sliding block 303 by the limit assembly B7 according to requirements, at the moment, the elastic element A305 pushes the sliding block 303 to linearly move along the shell 301 by utilizing the self elasticity, and meanwhile, the sliding block 303 pushes the rod body 302 to extend out of the shell 301 and impacts the impact assembly 2 to provide impact power for steel nails.
Preferably, the elastic member a305 is any one of a spring, a compression spring, and an elastic steel plate.
Preferably, the limiting component B7 comprises a button 304, a telescopic rod 308, a support 309, a sliding cylinder 310, a mounting frame 311 and a limiting block B312, the button 304 is in sliding fit with the housing 301, two ends of the telescopic rod 308 are hinged to the button 304 and the support 309 respectively, the support 309 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the housing 301, the telescopic rod 308 is hinged to the mounting frame 311, the mounting frame 311 is fixedly connected with the limiting block B312, the mounting frame 311 is in sliding fit with the sliding cylinder 310 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 301, the mounting frame 311 is connected with the sliding cylinder 310 through an elastic piece B313, the elastic piece B313 is located in the sliding cylinder 310 and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding cylinder 310 and the mounting frame 311, the limiting block B312 is matched with a limiting groove 307 formed in the sliding block 303, and the limiting block B312 is a wedge block. The slider 303 extrudes the elastic member a305 and contacts the stopper B312 and presses the stopper B312 when linearly moving along the housing 301, the stopper B312 linearly moves under the pressing of the slider 303, at this time, the stopper B312 pushes the mounting bracket 311 to extrude the elastic member B313 and slide along the slide cylinder 310, and simultaneously the mounting bracket 311 pushes the telescopic rod 308 to swing, the telescopic rod 308 pulls the button 304 to linearly move, and simultaneously the elastic member B313 gives the mounting bracket 311 a reaction force, the reaction force pushes the stopper B312 to press the outer wall of the slider 303 by the mounting bracket 311 until the stopper B312 is clamped into the limiting groove 307, limiting of the slider 303 is completed, when limiting of the slider 303 by the stopper B312 is released, the telescopic rod 308 is driven to swing by pressing the button 304, the telescopic rod 308 pushes the mounting bracket 311 to slide along the slide cylinder 310, the stopper B312 is caused to be far away from the limiting groove 307, and limiting of the slider 303 can be released.
Preferably, the elastic member B313 is any one of a spring, a compression spring, and an elastic steel plate.
Specifically, the limiting component A6 includes a limiting disc 601 and a screw cap 602, the limiting disc 601 is used in cooperation with a mounting groove (not shown in the figure) formed at the end of the housing 301, the screw cap 602 is detachably connected with the housing 301 through an external thread a (not shown in the figure) formed on the mounting groove, the housing 301, the limiting disc 601 and the screw cap 602 are linearly and sequentially arranged, the limiting disc 601 is slidably matched with the cylinder B1022, the outer diameter of the limiting disc 601 is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder B1022, and the outer diameter of the limiting disc 601 is larger than the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder 4. The purpose of this arrangement is to define the ejector mechanism 3 within the housing assembly 1 and to enable linear movement of the ejector mechanism 3 within the housing assembly 1.
Specifically, the length of the rod 302 when not in operation is less than or equal to the difference between the length of the barrel B1022 and the thickness of the limit disc 601. The purpose of this arrangement is to ensure that the rod 302 has a sufficient displacement path within the housing assembly 1.
Specifically, the impact assembly 2 includes a limiting block a201 and a cylindrical shaft 202, the cylindrical shaft 202 is slidably matched with the linear bearing 5, the two limiting blocks a201 are symmetrically disposed on the cylindrical shaft 202 and are in threaded connection with the cylindrical shaft 202, a groove (not labeled in the figure) for placing steel nails is formed in the limiting block a201, and central axes of the limiting block a201, the cylindrical shaft 202 and the rod body 302 coincide. The related technician can pass the steel nail through the through-hole of seting up on shell cap 101 and insert it and seting up in the recess on stopper A201, and the ejection mechanism 3 that holds the power and accomplish simultaneously can promote the cylinder axle 202 through the mode of striking another stopper A201 and carry out the quick slip along linear bearing 5, will embed the steel nail of setting up in the recess and shoot out, and the purpose of this kind of setting is that install the steel nail and provide the shooting power for the steel nail as the intermediate drive piece.
Specifically, the length of the cylindrical shaft 202 is greater than the length 5 of the linear bearing, and the sum of the lengths of the cylindrical shaft 202 and the two end limiting blocks 201 is less than the sum of the lengths of the cylinder C1023, the cylinder D1024 and the inner side of the shell cap 101. The purpose of this arrangement is to ensure that the cylindrical shaft 202 has a sufficient displacement path within the housing assembly 1.
Specifically, the length of the limit cylinder 4 is greater than the length of the cylinder a 1021. The purpose of this arrangement is to facilitate the screwing of the limiting cylinder 4 into the cylinder a1021 by the person skilled in the art.
Specifically, the outer wall of the shell cap 101 and the outer wall of the screw cap 102 are provided with vertical stripes (not shown in the figure). The aim of this arrangement is to increase the contact friction by increasing the surface roughness of both, so that the holding by the relevant personnel is facilitated.
As an alternative to the above embodiment, the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument comprises a steel nail, a jet pipe and a resiliometer, wherein the jet pipe is in threaded connection with a shell of the resiliometer at one output end, and the steel nail is in sliding fit with the jet pipe. The resiliometer can give specific kinetic energy to the steel nail and push the steel nail to linearly slide along the ejector tube to impact the object.
In the embodiment of the present invention, firstly, a related technician pushes the housing 301 to slide along the limit cylinder 4 to push the housing 301 to retract into the housing 102, meanwhile, the rod 302 pushes the impact assembly 2 against the rod 302, the impact assembly 2 gives a reaction force to push the rod 302 to retract into the housing 301, and meanwhile, the rod 302 pushes the slider 303 to press the elastic member a305 until the slider 303 is limited by the limit assembly B7 to complete the force accumulating operation of the ejection mechanism 3; secondly, a related technician passes a steel nail through a through hole formed in the shell cap 101, embeds the tail of the steel nail in a groove formed in the limiting block A201, pushes the steel nail until the steel nail is completely retracted into the shell assembly 1, simultaneously pushes the cylindrical shaft 202 to linearly move along the linear bearing 5 through the limiting block A201, and pushes the rod body 302 to linearly move through the other limiting block A201, and at the moment, the shell 301 stretches out of the shell assembly 1 and resets under the pushing of the rod body 302; secondly, a relevant technician holds the shell 301 and the shell component 1 with two hands respectively, and vertically sticks the shell cap 101 to the surface to be tested, and releases the limit of the limit component B7 to the sliding block 303, at the moment, the elastic component A305 elastically pushes the sliding block 303 to perform linear motion along the shell 301 by using the self, and simultaneously, the sliding block 303 pushes the rod body 302 to extend out of the shell 301 and impact the limit block A201, so as to push the cylinder shaft 202 to rapidly slide along the linear bearing 5, and the steel nails embedded in the grooves are ejected; finally, calculating the depth of steel nails shot into the wood to be tested and the intact wood, and obtaining the decay degree of the wood member to be tested according to the decay wood evaluation method.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a method for using a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument, based on the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument, comprises the following specific steps:
s1, recording the length of a steel nail, pushing the shell 301 to slide along the limit cylinder 4 to enable the shell 301 to shrink into the shell 102, enabling the rod body 302 to press the impact assembly 2, enabling the impact assembly 2 to give the rod body 302 a reaction force, enabling the reaction force to push the rod body 302 to shrink into the shell 301, enabling the rod body 302 to push the sliding block 303 to squeeze the elastic piece A305 until the sliding block 303 is limited by the limit assembly B7, and completing the force storage operation of the ejection mechanism 3;
s2, penetrating a steel nail through a through hole formed in the shell cap 101, embedding the tail of the steel nail into a groove formed in the limiting block A201, pushing the steel nail until the steel nail is completely retracted into the shell assembly 1, simultaneously pushing the cylindrical shaft 202 to linearly move along the linear bearing 5 through the limiting block A201, and pushing the rod body 302 to linearly move through the other limiting block A201 by the cylindrical shaft 202, wherein the shell 301 stretches out of the shell assembly 1 and resets under the pushing of the rod body 302;
s3, respectively holding the shell 301 and the shell assembly 1 by two hands of a related technician, and vertically attaching the shell cap 101 to the surface to be measured;
s4, releasing the limit of the limit component B7 to the sliding block 303, wherein the elastic piece A305 pushes the sliding block 303 to linearly move along the shell 301 by utilizing the elasticity of the elastic piece A, and simultaneously, the sliding block 303 pushes the rod body 302 to extend out of the shell 301 and pushes the cylindrical shaft 202 to rapidly slide along the linear bearing 5 in a manner of impacting the limit block A201, so that steel nails embedded in the grooves are ejected;
s5, calculating the steel nail depth of the steel nails injected into the wood to be tested and the intact wood, and obtaining the decay degree of the wood member to be tested according to the decay wood calculating method.
The specific operation mode of the limiting component B7 is as follows:
the limiting block B312 moves linearly under the abutting pressure of the sliding block 303 which moves linearly, at this time, the limiting block B312 pushes the mounting frame 311 to extrude the elastic piece B313 and slide along the sliding cylinder 310, meanwhile, the mounting frame 311 pushes the telescopic rod 308 to swing, the telescopic rod 308 pulls the button 304 to move linearly, meanwhile, the elastic piece B313 gives the mounting frame 311 a reaction force, the reaction force pushes the limiting block B312 to abut against the outer wall of the sliding block 303 by using the mounting frame 311 until the limiting block B312 is clamped into the limiting groove 307, limiting of the sliding block 303 is completed, when limiting of the sliding block 303 by the limiting block B312 is released, the telescopic rod 308 is driven to swing by pressing the button 304, the telescopic rod 308 pushes the mounting frame 311 to slide along the sliding cylinder 310, the limiting block B312 is enabled to be far away from the limiting groove 307, and limiting of the sliding block 303 can be released.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method of assessing wood decay comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the water content MC of the wood at the measured point i The steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum through a simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument to enter the length L of the wood to be detected i Length L of entering intact wood 0 ；
S2, the steel nails are ejected out with constant momentum to enter the length L of the wood to be tested i Length L of entering intact wood 0 Subtracting from each other, dividing by the length L of the steel nails entering the intact wood 0 Obtaining the nailing depth increase rate of the corresponding measuring points of the decayed timber;
s3, comprehensively considering wood tree species, biological invasion and water content of measuring points to construct a calculation model of a wood member comprehensive evaluation index P, wherein the calculation model of the P is as follows:
wherein L is 0 Representing the length of the steel nail entering into the intact wood; n represents the number of measuring points, and n is more than or equal to 10; l (L) i Representing the detection length of the ith measuring point; MC (methyl cellulose) i Representing the moisture content of the wood at the ith measuring point,representing a water content influence function; w (w) s Representing the corrosion resistance coefficient of tree species, wherein the durability of the common wood is divided into non-durable tree species, slightly durable tree species and durable tree species, and 1,0.9,0.8 is respectively taken out corresponding to the corrosion resistance coefficient; w (w) b Representing a biological invasion coefficient, wherein if the environment where the wood is located is biologically invaded, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.2, and if the environment where the wood is located is not biologically invaded, the biological invasion coefficient is 1.0, and the biological invasion comprises invasion of bat, termite, moths and wood bees to the wood;
and S4, grading the decay degree of the wood component according to the index P.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific classification of the wood member decay according to the index P is:
if P is 0, the wood member decay degree is class 0;
if 0<P is less than or equal to 25 percent, the wood member decay degree is 1 grade;
if P is more than or equal to 26% and less than or equal to 60%, the wood member is decayed to a level 2;
if P is more than or equal to 61% and less than or equal to 90%, the wood member is decayed to 3 grades;
if P >90%, the wood element decay degree is class 4.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument comprises a housing assembly and steel nails, and further comprises:
the ejection mechanism is connected with the shell assembly through the limit cylinder and is used for providing impact power for the steel nails;
the impact assembly is connected with the shell assembly through a linear bearing and is used for impacting the steel nails; and
the limiting component A is connected with the ejection mechanism and is used for limiting the ejection mechanism;
the ejection mechanism is used for driving the impact assembly to perform linear motion in the shell by impacting the impact assembly with constant momentum after the limit assembly A releases the limit, the impact assembly is used for obtaining the length of steel nails which are shot into the intact wood and the decay wood by pushing steel nails which are embedded in the impact assembly to punch out the shell assembly and shoot into the wood, and meanwhile, the aim of simply, conveniently and quickly detecting and evaluating the decay degree of wood members under different tree types, water content and biological influence factors is fulfilled by taking the lengths of the steel nails which are shot into the decay wood and the intact wood into the decay wood evaluation method for evaluating the decay degree of the wood.
4. A method of assessing timber decay as claimed in claim 3 wherein the housing assembly comprises a cap and a body, the body comprising a linear array of barrels a, B, C and D fixedly connected in sequence, the barrels a, B and C having successively decreasing internal diameters, C being equal to the internal diameter of barrel D, and a barrel having equal external diameters and larger than the external diameter of barrel D, D being in threaded connection with a linear bearing threaded on the cap, and the limiting cylinder being in threaded connection with barrel a.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the ejection mechanism comprises a housing, a rod, a slider, and an elastic member a, the rod is fixedly connected with the slider, the rod and the slider are both slidably engaged with the housing, the housing is slidably engaged with the limiting cylinder, the housing is connected with the limiting assembly a, and the slider is connected with the housing through the elastic member a, and further comprising:
and the limiting component B is connected with the shell and is used for limiting the sliding block.
6. The method for evaluating wood decay according to claim 5, wherein the limiting assembly A comprises a limiting disc and a screw cap, the limiting disc is matched with an installation groove formed in the end portion of the shell, the screw cap is detachably connected with the shell through an external thread A formed in the installation groove, the shell, the limiting disc and the screw cap are linearly and sequentially arranged, the limiting disc is in sliding fit with the cylinder B, the outer diameter of the limiting disc is equal to the inner diameter of the cylinder B, and the outer diameter of the limiting disc is larger than the inner diameter of the limiting cylinder.
7. The method for evaluating wood decay according to claim 6, wherein the impact assembly comprises a limiting block A and a cylindrical shaft, the cylindrical shaft is in sliding fit with the linear bearing, the two limiting blocks A are symmetrically arranged on the cylindrical shaft and are in threaded connection with the cylindrical shaft, grooves for placing steel nails are formed in the limiting block A, and central shafts of the limiting block A, the cylindrical shaft and the rod body are coincident.
8. The method for evaluating wood decay according to claim 7, wherein the shell cap is provided with an internal thread A from one end far away from the through hole to one end close to the through hole, the cylinder body D is provided with an internal thread B, the shell cap and the shell body are respectively in threaded connection with the linear bearing through the internal thread A and the internal thread B, the wall thickness of a non-threaded area of the shell cap is larger than that of a threaded area, the cylinder body A is provided with a section of internal thread C from one end far away from the shell cap to one end close to the shell cap, and the cylinder body A is in threaded connection with the limiting cylinder through the internal thread C.
9. The method for evaluating wood decay according to claim 8, wherein the limit component B comprises a button, a telescopic rod, a support frame, a slide cylinder, a mounting frame and a limit block B, wherein the button is in sliding fit with the shell, the telescopic rod is hinged with the button and the support frame, the support frame is fixedly connected with the shell, the telescopic rod is hinged with the mounting frame, the mounting frame is fixedly connected with the limit block B, the mounting frame is in sliding fit with the slide cylinder fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, the mounting frame is connected with the slide cylinder through an elastic piece B, the limit block B is matched with a limit groove formed in the slide block, and the limit block B is a wedge block.
10. The method for evaluating wood decay as defined in claim 9, wherein the method for using the simple nail-shooting type wood decay detecting instrument comprises the following specific steps:
s1, recording the length of a steel nail, pushing the shell to slide along the limiting cylinder to enable the shell to be embedded into the shell, enabling the rod body to abut against the impact assembly, enabling the impact assembly to give a reaction force to the rod body, enabling the reaction force to push the rod body to shrink into the shell, enabling the rod body to push the sliding block to squeeze the elastic piece A until the sliding block is limited by the limiting assembly B, and completing the force storage operation of the ejection mechanism;
s2, enabling the steel nails to pass through the through holes formed in the shell caps, embedding the tail parts of the steel nails into the grooves formed in the limiting blocks A, pushing the steel nails until the steel nails are completely retracted into the shell assembly, simultaneously pushing the cylindrical shafts to linearly move along the linear bearings through the limiting blocks A, pushing the rod bodies to linearly move through the other limiting blocks A, and enabling the shells to extend out of the shell assembly and reset under the pushing of the rod bodies;
s3, respectively holding the shell and the shell component by two hands of a related technician, and vertically attaching the shell cap to the surface to be measured;
s4, releasing the limit of the limit component B on the sliding block, wherein the elastic component A pushes the sliding block to linearly move along the shell by utilizing the elasticity of the elastic component A, and simultaneously, the sliding block pushes the rod body to extend out of the shell and pushes the cylinder shaft to rapidly slide along the linear bearing in a manner of impacting the limit component A, so that steel nails embedded in the grooves are ejected;
s5, calculating the depth of steel nails shot into the wood to be tested and the intact wood, and obtaining the decay degree of the wood member to be tested according to the wood decay evaluation method.
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