CN108955940A - A kind of fiber grating temperature sensor demodulation method - Google Patents
A kind of fiber grating temperature sensor demodulation method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sensing demodulation methods based on fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system, it is the combination based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator and realizes, the Demodulation Systems system specifically includes that wide spectrum light source, optical fiber circulator, fiber grating, fiber coupler, single-mode fiber ring, dispersive optical fiber ring, electrooptic modulator, dispersive optical fiber, high-speed photodetector, low noise, microwave power distributor, frequency spectrograph, computer.Fiber grating is changed the movement that can cause its wavelength of transmitted light by temperature, so that the optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer changes, to change the centre frequency for the microwave signal that optical-electronic oscillator exports, the amount of movement of fiber grating reflected light wavelength is obtained according to the variable quantity of microwave signal centre frequency, finally realize fiber grating temperature sensor, not only precision is high for the temperature sensing demodulating system, and its measurement sensitivity is adjustable, measurement result is stablized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fiber grating sensing demodulation fields, more particularly to a kind of fiber grating based on optical-electronic oscillator
Temperature sensing demodulation method.
Background technique
Fiber grating is a kind of passive filtering device, due to it is small in size, be entirely compatible with optical fiber, intellectual material can be embedded to
The advantages that, and its harmonic wave is more sensitive to the variation of the outside environmental elements such as temperature, strain physical quantity, obtains in sensory field
Extensive use is arrived.Fiber-optic grating sensor obtains sensing letter to the modulation of fiber Bragg central wavelength by extraneous parameter
Breath, has many advantages, such as electromagnetism interference, high sensitivity, low cost and compatible preferable with ordinary optic fibre, thus increasingly by
To concern.
At present Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg mainly using have spectroscopic methodology, Multi-wavelength meter detection method, edge filter method, can
Dim filter method, matched FBG detection method, Wavelength tunable light source demodulation method, CCD spectroscope detection method and Michelson interference
The methods of demodulation method.But fiber grating sensing system is all the solution that optic fiber grating wavelength variable quantity is realized with optical method
The features such as tune, has the characteristics that precision is high, but poor there is also environmental suitability.Temperature is needed in workers and peasants' production and scientific experiment
The important physical amount for usually measuring and controlling, and one of the factor of optic fiber grating wavelength variation, optical fiber temperature can be directly affected
It spends sensor and provides new effective solution approach for the monitoring of temperature.The temperature sensitivity of common fiber grating is
0.010nm/ DEG C or so, for operation wavelength is in the fiber grating of 1550nm, measurement temperature becomes in the wavelength of 100 DEG C of ranges
Changing is only lnm, is not able to satisfy the needs of actual measurement.
The invention proposes a kind of new Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg based on optical-electronic oscillator, which is passed
The wavelength resolution for feeling demodulating system can be by changing color in Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm light time delay difference and optical-electronic oscillator
The length and abbe number of astigmatism fibre carry out any adjusting.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes existing defect, proposes a kind of based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and photoelectricity
The fiber grating temperature sensor demodulation method and system that oscillator combines.Fiber grating can be caused its transmitting by the variation of temperature
The movement of optical wavelength, the mobile meeting of the wavelength is so that the optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer changes, to change photoelectricity vibration
The centre frequency for swinging the microwave signal of device output, fiber grating reflected light is obtained according to the variable quantity of microwave signal centre frequency
The amount of movement of wavelength, to realize fiber grating temperature sensor.
The technical solution that the present invention uses to solve above-mentioned technical problem is as follows: a kind of fiber grating temperature sensor
Demodulating system, hardware platform include that hardware platform includes wide spectrum light source, optical fiber circulator, fiber grating, fiber coupling
Device, single-mode fiber ring, dispersive optical fiber ring, electrooptic modulator, dispersive optical fiber, high-speed photodetector, low noise, microwave function point
Device, frequency spectrograph, computer.
The wide spectrum light source (Gaussian or rectangle wide spectrum light source can be used) enters fiber grating after optical fiber circulator and passes
Sensor；The reflected light of the fiber-optic grating sensor enters in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer after optical fiber circulator, the interference
Instrument is made of single-mode optical-fibre coupler and single-mode fiber ring and dispersive optical fiber ring；Light enters an Electro-optical Modulation after the interferometer
Device, the output light of the electrooptic modulator enter dispersion compensating fiber, delay will be generated after light dispersion compensating optical fiber, by prolonging
When optical signal pass through high-speed photodetector and realize photoelectric conversion and amplified by low noise, amplified microwave signal process
It is divided into two-way after microwave power distributor, is injected into electrooptic modulator all the way, thus by electrooptic modulator, dispersion compensating fiber, height
Fast photodetector, low noise and microwave power distributor form an optical-electronic oscillator loop, so that loop has microwave signal generation,
The output frequency of the microwave signal is related with the two-arm optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The microwave signal that the optical-electronic oscillator generates is modulated onto area of light by electrooptic modulator, which carries microwave letter
It number is incident on high-speed photodetector after dispersion compensating fiber, which changes optical signal dress into microwave signal, institute
It states after wave signal is amplified by low noise after a microwave power distributor function point, a part of microwave signal is injected into Electro-optical Modulation
In device, a part of signal measures the centre frequency of optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal by frequency spectrograph, and passes through computer
To record the variation of the microwave signal centre frequency.
The technical solution that the present invention uses to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the work that the present invention is further explained uses are former
Reason, the principle of tunable optical filter wavelength amount of movement measuring system proposed by the present invention are as follows:
Wide spectrum light source will interfere after Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output of interference fringe can indicate on frequency domain
Are as follows:
Wherein A is the visibility that interferometer exports interference fringe, output interference item when Δ ω is different interferometer optical path differences
The frequency interval of line,For the phase drift of interferometer, ω0For the center circular frequency of laser.Δ ω may be expressed as:
The π of Δ ω=2/(DSMFLSMF-DDCFLDCF)Δλ (2)
D in above formulaSMFAnd DDCFThe abbe number of single-mode fiber ring and dispersive optical fiber to be measured respectively in interferometer is LSMF
And LDCFThe length of single-mode fiber ring and dispersive optical fiber to be measured respectively in interferometer, Δ λ are the change of fiber grating reflected light wavelength
Change amount.The mobile variation that can cause interferometer output interference fringe of fiber grating reflected light wavelength.
The output light of interference be it is related to wavelength, electric field may be characterized as:
E (t)=∫ E (ω) ejωtdω (3)
Then the optical power spectrum density of light source may be expressed as:
T (ω)=| E (ω) |2 (4)
The interference fringe of interferometer output after electrooptic modulator, modulated by each frequency component E (ω) of spectrum,
And the microwave signal that a frequency is ξ is generated by optical-electronic oscillator loop, the light field of electrooptic modulator output may be expressed as:
E (ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
Use dispersive optical fiber as delay line in optical-electronic oscillator, the electric field transmission function of the line of time delay may be expressed as:
H (ω)=| H (ω) | e-jφ(ω) (6)
φ (ω) is the phase that dispersive optical fiber delay introduces, and according to Taylor series expansion, which be may be expressed as:
In formula, τ (ω0) it be center frequency is ω0When group delay, LDCFFor the length of dispersive optical fiber in optical-electronic oscillator, β
For the dispersion of optical fiber, unit ps2/ km, β may be expressed as:
D (ps/km/nm) is the abbe number of optical fiber, λ in formula0Center wavelength of light is reflected for fiber grating.
According to formula (5) --- (9) can obtain optical-electronic oscillator receptance function are as follows:
Wherein
It follows that the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output may be expressed as:
According to the variation delta f of formula (4) and optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal centre frequency0Fiber grating reflection can be obtained
The amount of movement of optical wavelength are as follows:
From the above equation, we can see that according to the frequency of the radiofrequency signal of optical-electronic oscillator output, the wavelength of fiber grating reflected light, horse
The length and dispersion values of conspicuous Zehnder interferometer two-arm optical fiber, the dispersion values and length of dispersive optical fiber can be obtained by fiber grating wave
Long amount of movement, to realize fiber grating temperature sensor.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the optical fiber grating temperature combined based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator
The wavelength resolution of sensing demodulating system, the Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg can be by changing Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm light
The length of dispersive optical fiber and abbe number carry out any adjusting in delay inequality and optical-electronic oscillator.Sensor-based system wavelength resolution can
Lower than 0.0007nm, temperature sensing precision is better than 0.1 DEG C, and measurement sensitivity is adjustable, and measurement accuracy is high, measurement method is simple
It is single.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system block schematic illustration of the present invention；
In attached drawing:
101: wide spectrum light source
102: optical fiber circulator
103: fiber-optic grating sensor
104: fiber coupler
105: single-mode fiber ring
106: dispersive optical fiber ring
107: fiber coupler
108: electrooptic modulator
109: dispersion compensating fiber
201: high-speed photodetector
202: low noise
203: microwave power distributor
204: frequency spectrograph
205: computer
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that following specific embodiments are only
For illustrating the present invention rather than limiting the scope of the invention.
A kind of fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system is in the light for combining Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator
It is realized on fine grating temperature sensing demodulation method.Fiber grating is changed the shifting that can cause its wavelength of transmitted light by temperature
Dynamic, the mobile meeting of the wavelength is so that the optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer changes, to change optical-electronic oscillator output
The centre frequency of microwave signal obtains the movement of fiber grating reflected light wavelength according to the variable quantity of microwave signal centre frequency
Amount, to realize fiber grating temperature sensor.Its wavelength resolution can be poor by changing Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm light time delay
And the length of dispersive optical fiber and abbe number carry out any adjusting in optical-electronic oscillator.The sensor-based system wavelength resolution can be lower than
0.0007nm, temperature sensing precision are better than 0.1 DEG C.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system, hardware platform includes wide spectrum light source
101, optical fiber circulator 102, fiber grating 103, fiber coupler 104, single-mode fiber ring 105, dispersive optical fiber ring 106, optical fiber
Coupler 107, electrooptic modulator 108, dispersive optical fiber 109, high-speed photodetector 201, low noise 202, microwave power distributor
203, frequency spectrograph 204, computer 205.
The wide spectrum light source 101 (Gaussian or rectangle wide spectrum light source can be used) enters optical fiber after optical fiber circulator 102
Grating sensor 103；The reflected light of the fiber-optic grating sensor 103 enters a Mach-Zehnder interferometer after optical fiber circulator
In, the interferometer is made of single-mode optical-fibre coupler 104 and 107 and single-mode fiber ring 105 and dispersive optical fiber ring 106；Light
Entering an electrooptic modulator 108 after the interferometer, the output light of the electrooptic modulator 108 enters dispersion compensating fiber 109,
Delay will be generated after light dispersion compensating optical fiber 109, the optical signal by delay realizes photoelectricity by high-speed photodetector 201
It converts and passes through low noise 202 and amplify, amplified microwave signal is divided into two-way after microwave power distributor 203, injects all the way
Into electrooptic modulator 108, thus by electrooptic modulator 108, dispersion compensating fiber 109, high-speed photodetector 201, low noise
202 and the one optical-electronic oscillator loop of composition of microwave power distributor 203 are put, so that loop has microwave signal generation, the described microwave
The output frequency of signal is related with the two-arm optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The microwave signal that the optical-electronic oscillator generates is modulated onto area of light by electrooptic modulator 108, which carries micro-
Wave signal is incident on high-speed photodetector 201 after dispersion compensating fiber 109, which changes optical signal dress into micro-
Wave signal, the wave signal is by the way that after 203 function of microwave power distributor point, a part of microwave is believed after the amplification of low noise 202
It number is injected into electrooptic modulator 108, a part of signal measures optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal by frequency spectrograph 204
Centre frequency, and record by computer 205 variation of the microwave signal centre frequency.
The working principle that fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system proposed by the present invention uses includes the following:
The fiber grating 103 is changed the movement that can cause its wavelength of transmitted light, the mobile meeting of the wavelength by temperature
So that the optical path difference of Mach-Zehnder interferometer changes, to change the center frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output
Rate obtains the amount of movement of 103 reflected light wavelength of fiber grating according to the variable quantity of microwave signal centre frequency, finally realizes light
Fine grating temperature sensing.
Wide spectrum light source 101 will interfere after Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output of interference fringe can table on frequency domain
It is shown as:
Wherein A is the visibility that interferometer exports interference fringe, output interference item when Δ ω is different interferometer optical path differences
The frequency interval of line,For the phase drift of interferometer, ω0For the center circular frequency of laser.Δ ω may be expressed as:
The π of Δ ω=2/(DSMFLSMF-DDCFLDCF)Δλ (2)
D in above formulaSMFAnd DDCFThe abbe number of single-mode fiber ring 105 and dispersive optical fiber to be measured 109 respectively in interferometer,
For LSMFAnd LDCFThe length of single-mode fiber ring 105 and dispersive optical fiber to be measured 109 respectively in interferometer, Δ λ are fiber grating 103
The variable quantity of reflected light wavelength.The mobile variation that can cause interferometer output interference fringe of 103 reflected light wavelength of fiber grating.
The output light of interference be it is related to wavelength, electric field may be characterized as:
E (t)=∫ E (ω) ejωtdω (3)
Then the optical power spectrum density of light source may be expressed as:
T (ω)=| E (ω) |2 (4)
The interference fringe of interferometer output after electrooptic modulator 108, adjusted by each frequency component E (ω) of spectrum
System, and the microwave signal that a frequency is ξ is generated by optical-electronic oscillator loop, the light field that electrooptic modulator 108 exports can indicate
Are as follows:
E (ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
Use dispersive optical fiber 109 as delay line in optical-electronic oscillator, the electric field transmission function of the line of time delay may be expressed as:
H (ω)=| H (ω) | e-jφ(ω) (6)
φ (ω) is the phase that the delay of dispersive optical fiber 109 introduces, and according to Taylor series expansion, which be may be expressed as:
In formula, τ (ω0) it be center frequency is ω0When group delay, LDCFFor the length of dispersive optical fiber 109 in optical-electronic oscillator
Degree, β are the dispersion of optical fiber, unit ps2/ km, β may be expressed as:
D (ps/km/nm) is the abbe number of optical fiber, λ in formula0Center wavelength of light is reflected for fiber grating 103.
According to formula (5) --- (9) can obtain optical-electronic oscillator receptance function are as follows:
Wherein
It follows that the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output may be expressed as:
According to the variation delta f of formula (4) and optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal centre frequency0Fiber grating 103 can be obtained
The amount of movement of reflected light wavelength are as follows:
From the above equation, we can see that according to the frequency of the radiofrequency signal of optical-electronic oscillator output, the wave of 103 reflected light of fiber grating
Long, the length and dispersion values of Mach-Zehnder interferometer two-arm optical fiber, the dispersion values and length of dispersive optical fiber can be obtained by optical fiber
103 wavelength amount of movement of grating, to realize fiber grating temperature sensor.
The key of measurement method proposed by the present invention is the parameters that need to be determined in formula (11), i.e., first determines photoelectricity vibration
The length and dispersion values of the dispersive optical fiber 109 in device are swung, and adjusts interferometer two-arm optical path difference and optical-electronic oscillator is exported
(frequency bandwidth of generality of can yet be regarded as, general frequency spectrograph is the frequency of microwave signal in common frequency spectrograph measurement band limits
Tens KHz -26.5GHz).
The resolution ratio of system can be changed by the parameters in setting formula (11), the optical-electronic oscillator known to formula (10)
The centre frequency three dB bandwidth of the microwave signal of output is up to 80MHz or so, and generality is by adjusting the light path official post of interferometer two-arm
The frequency resolution of the microwave signal of the system of obtaining output is 100MHz, and dispersive optical fiber 109 is 1km, dispersion system in optical-electronic oscillator
When number is -150ps/km/nm, a length of 1550nm of fiber grating reflecting light, single mode optical fiber and dispersion in Mach-Zehnder interferometer
The length of optical fiber is respectively 1km, and the abbe number of dispersion single-mode optical fiber is 17ps/km/nm, the abbe number of dispersive optical fiber is also-
150ps/km/nm, then the wavelength resolution of sensor-based system is up to 0.0007nm, so that superhigh precision optic fiber grating wavelength demodulates.
The workflow of Demodulation System for Fiber Bragg proposed by the present invention is as follows:
1, after powering on, modulator driving plate is worked by procedure auto-control intensity type optical modulator in linear work point.
2, after modulator operating point determines, the centre frequency for recording the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output at this time is f1。
3, change the temperature of fiber grating, the centre frequency of the microwave signal of record optical-electronic oscillator output is f2.According to
Formula (11) can be obtained by the wavelength amount of movement of fiber grating.
Fiber grating temperature sensor is demarcated by the above method, is exported come optical-electronic oscillator when determining different temperatures
The centre frequency of microwave signal.When actual measurement, so that it may realize the straight of temperature according to the variation of microwave signal centre frequency
Connect measurement.
Although the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel are it will be appreciated that the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to the range of specific embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, as long as long as various change the attached claims limit and determine spirit and scope of the invention in, one
The innovation and creation using present inventive concept are cut in the column of protection.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of sensing demodulation method based on fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system, which comprises the steps of:
Wide spectrum light source 101 will interfere after Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output of interference fringe can indicate on frequency domain
Are as follows:
Wherein A is the visibility that interferometer exports interference fringe, output interference fringe when Δ ω is different interferometer optical path differences
Frequency interval,For the phase drift of interferometer, ω0For the center circular frequency of laser, Δ ω be may be expressed as:
The π of Δ ω=2/(DSMFLSMF-DDCFLDCF)Δλ (2)
D in above formulaSMFAnd DDCFThe abbe number of single-mode fiber ring 105 and dispersive optical fiber to be measured 109 respectively in interferometer is
LSMFAnd LDCFThe length of single-mode fiber ring 105 and dispersive optical fiber to be measured 109 respectively in interferometer, Δ λ are that fiber grating 103 is anti-
Penetrate the variable quantity of optical wavelength, the mobile variation that can cause interferometer output interference fringe of 103 reflected light wavelength of fiber grating,
The output light of interference be it is related to wavelength, electric field may be characterized as:
E (t)=∫ E (ω) ejωtdω (3)
Then the optical power spectrum density of light source may be expressed as:
T (ω)=| E (ω) |2 (4)
The interference fringe of interferometer output after electrooptic modulator 108, modulated by each frequency component E (ω) of spectrum,
And the microwave signal that a frequency is ξ is generated by optical-electronic oscillator loop, the light field that electrooptic modulator 108 exports may be expressed as:
E (ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
Use dispersive optical fiber 109 as delay line in optical-electronic oscillator, the electric field transmission function of the line of time delay may be expressed as:
H (ω)=| H (ω) | e-jφ(ω) (6)
φ (ω) is the phase that the delay of dispersive optical fiber 109 introduces, and according to Taylor series expansion, which be may be expressed as:
In formula, τ (ω0) it be center frequency is ω0When group delay, LDCFFor the length of dispersive optical fiber 109 in optical-electronic oscillator, β
For the dispersion of optical fiber, unit ps2/ km, β may be expressed as:
D (ps/km/nm) is the abbe number of optical fiber, λ in formula0Center wavelength of light is reflected for fiber grating,
According to formula (5) --- (9) can obtain optical-electronic oscillator receptance function are as follows:
WhereinThus
It is found that the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output may be expressed as:
According to the variation delta f of formula (4) and optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal centre frequency0103 reflected light of fiber grating can be obtained
The amount of movement of wavelength are as follows:
From the above equation, we can see that according to the frequency of the radiofrequency signal of optical-electronic oscillator output, the wavelength of 103 reflected light of fiber grating, horse
The length and dispersion values of conspicuous Zehnder interferometer two-arm optical fiber, the dispersion values and length of dispersive optical fiber can be obtained by fiber grating
103 wavelength amount of movements, to realize fiber grating temperature sensor.
2. the sensing demodulation method according to claim 1 based on fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system, feature exist
In need to determine the parameters in formula (11), i.e., first determine the length and dispersion of the dispersive optical fiber 109 in optical-electronic oscillator
Value, and the frequency for adjusting the microwave signal that interferometer two-arm optical path difference exports optical-electronic oscillator measures frequency in common frequency spectrograph
In segment limit.
3. the sensing demodulation method according to claim 2 based on fiber grating temperature sensor demodulating system, feature exist
In the resolution ratio of measuring system can be changed by the parameters in setting formula (11), the optical-electronic oscillator known to formula (10)
The centre frequency three dB bandwidth of the microwave signal of output is up to 80MHz or so, and generality is by adjusting the light path official post of interferometer two-arm
The frequency resolution of the microwave signal of the system of obtaining output is 100MHz, and dispersive optical fiber 109 is 1km, dispersion system in optical-electronic oscillator
When number is -150ps/km/nm, a length of 1550nm of fiber grating reflecting light, single mode optical fiber and dispersion in Mach-Zehnder interferometer
The length of optical fiber is respectively 1km, and the abbe number of dispersion single-mode optical fiber is 17ps/km/nm, the abbe number of dispersive optical fiber is also-
150ps/km/nm, then the wavelength resolution of sensor-based system is up to 0.0007nm, so that superhigh precision optic fiber grating wavelength demodulates.
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