CN109084909A - A kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system - Google Patents
A kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109084909A CN109084909A CN201811225730.6A CN201811225730A CN109084909A CN 109084909 A CN109084909 A CN 109084909A CN 201811225730 A CN201811225730 A CN 201811225730A CN 109084909 A CN109084909 A CN 109084909A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system, the problem of existing fiber temperature sensor system environmental suitability is poor, and the variation of the factors such as shake of optical signal is affected to its performance can be improved.The hardware platform of the demodulating system includes: wide spectrum light source, fiber coupler, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line, optical fiber sensing probe, electrooptic modulator, dispersion compensating fiber, high-speed photodetector, low noise, microwave power distributor, frequency spectrograph, signal processing and display module.Present invention combination Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator, change the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature, to change the centre frequency for the microwave signal that optical-electronic oscillator exports, realize fibre optic temperature sensor demodulation, the production of its temp probe is simple, achieve that temperature measures with general single mode fiber, which has the advantages that measurement sensitivity is adjustable, precision is high, measurement method is simple.
Description
Technical field
Invention is mainly used in field of temperature measurement, demodulates system more particularly to a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor
System.
Background technique
In engineer application and in scientific research, temperature is all an extremely important reference quantity, occupies very important ground
Position, traditional temperature sensor is based on thermocouple, semiconductor and platinum alloy, their measuring principle is simple, and cost is relatively low, because
And it is widely used in practical applications.Compared with traditional temperature sensor, fibre optic temperature sensor is to utilize some substances
The spectrum of absorption can change with the variation of temperature, then analyze optical fiber transmission spectrum it is real-time must measure temperature variations,
Its measurement accuracy is higher, and sensitivity real-time, tunable.
Fibre optic temperature sensor mainly has fiber grating, the sensor of the types such as Fabry-perot optical fiber and optical fiber fluorescence at present.By
The surface of optical fiber is coated in using the temperature sensing material that a kind of and optical fibre refractivity matches in fibre optic temperature sensor, is just made
Light can be entered another optical fiber by the reflecting surface of an optical fiber, since temperature sensing material is easily affected by temperature, so that refractive index
Change, the optical power so exported has functional relation with temperature, therefore can be used as the variation of means measurement temperature, still
Fibre optic temperature sensor general problem is that outside environmental elements bad adaptability, the variation pair of the factors such as shake of optical signal
The performance of sensor demodulating system influences very big.
The invention proposes a kind of optical fiber sensings combined based on Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator
Demodulation method.Change the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature, to change the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output
Centre frequency realize that fibre optic temperature sensor demodulates, temperature measurement sensitivity can be better than 0.3 DEG C, and can be to systematic survey
Sensitivity is adjusted in real time.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes existing defect, proposes a kind of new optical fiber sensing demodulation method
And system, the system change the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature, to change the microwave of optical-electronic oscillator output
The centre frequency of signal realizes that optical fiber sensing demodulates, and temperature measurement sensitivity can be better than 0.3 DEG C, and can be to systematic survey
Sensitivity is adjusted in real time.
The technical solution that the present invention uses to solve above-mentioned technical problem is as follows: the present invention is by using a kind of optical fiber temperature
Spend sensor demodulation method and system, hardware platform include: wide spectrum light source, fiber coupler, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line,
It is optical fiber sensing probe, fiber coupler, electrooptic modulator, dispersion compensating fiber, high-speed photodetector, low noise, micro-
Wave power splitter, frequency spectrograph, signal processing and display module.
Gaussian or rectangle wide spectrum light source can be used in the wide spectrum light source, enters a fiber coupler, the optical fiber to it
One output end of coupler and an electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line connection, another output end connection one of the fiber coupler
A optical fiber sensing probe；The output light warp of output light and the optical fiber sensing probe of the electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line
It crosses fiber coupler and closes beam；The fiber coupler, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line, optical fiber sensing probe and fiber coupling
Device constitutes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer together, and the two-arm optical path difference of interferometer is adjusted in the electronic delay line；The wide range
Light source, when interferometer two-arm optical path difference is in light source coherent ranges, will produce after the interferometer in the output end of interferometer
Raw interference fringe, the interference fringe are a sinusoidal comb spectrum on frequency domain；The comb spectrum of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer output
The electrooptic modulator for being in orthogonal operating point by one then passes through the electrooptic modulator by the microwave signal that optical-electronic oscillator generates
It is modulated on interference comb δ function formula, the optical-electronic oscillator is detected by electrooptic modulator, dispersion compensating fiber, high speed optoelectronic
Device, low noise and microwave power distributor composition；The light carries microwave signal and is incident on high-speed light electrical resistivity survey after dispersion compensating fiber
It surveys on device, the high-speed photodetector converts optical signals into microwave signal, after the microwave signal is amplified by low noise
After a microwave power distributor, a part of microwave signal is injected into electrooptic modulator, a part of signal by frequency spectrograph come
The centre frequency of optical-electronic oscillator output microwave signal is measured, and records the microwave signal by signal processing and display module
The variation of centre frequency.Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator in system constitute a microwave photon filter, pass through
The amount of delay of adjustable optic fibre delay line realizes continuously adjusting for microwave signal centre frequency.
The technical solution that the present invention uses to solve above-mentioned technical problem, the work that the present invention is further explained uses are former
Reason, the specific measuring principle of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system proposed by the present invention are as follows:
The wide spectrum light source will interfere after Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output of interference fringe can on frequency domain
It indicates are as follows:
Wherein A is the visibility that interferometer exports interference fringe, and output is dry when Δ ω is different interferometer optical path difference n Δ L
The frequency interval of striped is related to,For the phase drift of interferometer, ω0For the center circular frequency of laser.Δ ω may be expressed as:
The π c/n Δ L of Δ ω=2 (2)
Wherein c is the light velocity, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and Δ L is interferometer two-arm optical fiber length difference.The then freedom of the interferometer
Spectral region may be expressed as:
The output light of interference be it is related to wavelength, electric field may be characterized as:
E (t)=∫ E (ω) ejωtdω (4)
Then the optical power spectrum density of light source may be expressed as:
T (ω)=| E (ω) |2(5)
The interference fringe of interferometer output after electrooptic modulator, modulated by each frequency component E (ω) of spectrum,
And the microwave signal that a frequency is ξ is generated by optical-electronic oscillator loop, the light field of electrooptic modulator output may be expressed as:
E (ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (6)
Use dispersive optical fiber as delay line in optical-electronic oscillator, the electric field transmission function of the line of time delay may be expressed as:
H (ω)=| H (ω) | e-jφ(ω)(7)
φ (ω) is the phase that testing fiber delay introduces, and according to Taylor series expansion, which be may be expressed as:
In formula, τ (ω0) it is center frequencies omega0When group delay, β be testing fiber dispersion, unit ps2/ km, β
It may be expressed as:
D (ps/km/nm) is the abbe number of testing fiber, λ in formula0For optical source wavelength.
According to formula (5) --- (9) can obtain optical-electronic oscillator receptance function are as follows:
WhereinThus
It is found that the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output may be expressed as:
Then various surgical grade stainless steels due to temperature variation caused by the variation of interferometer optical path difference may be expressed as:
Δ f in above formula0For the variable quantity of center frequency.The variation of this optical path difference is mainly derived from optical fiber sensing spy
Head in optical fiber refractive index and length transmitting variation, the relationship with temperature T be it is linear, may be expressed as:
Δ (n Δ L)=KT (13)
By formula (12) it is found that according to optical-electronic oscillator export the centre frequency of microwave signal, the central wavelength of wide spectrum light source,
Optical fibre refractivity, the length of dispersion compensating fiber and abbe number, so that it may obtain optical fiber sensing probe due to temperature
The variable quantity of interferometer optical path difference caused by variation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the fiber optic temperature combined based on Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator
Sensing demodulation method can change the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature, to change the micro- of optical-electronic oscillator output
The centre frequency of wave signal come realize optical fiber sensing demodulate, temperature measurement sensitivity can be better than 0.3 DEG C, temp probe system
Make simply, achieves that temperature measures with general single mode fiber, this method is with measurement sensitivity is adjustable, precision is high, measurement side
The simple advantage of method.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system block schematic illustration of the present invention；
In attached drawing:
101: wide spectrum light source
102: fiber coupler
103: electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line
104: optical fiber sensing probe
105: fiber coupler
106: electrooptic modulator
107: dispersion compensating fiber
108: high-speed photodetector
109: low noise
201: microwave power distributor
202: frequency spectrograph
203: signal processing and display module
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that following specific embodiments are only
For illustrating the present invention rather than limiting the scope of the invention.
A kind of new fibre optic temperature sensor demodulation method is based on Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator knot
The fibre optic temperature sensor demodulation method of conjunction.This method changes the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature, to change
The centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output realizes that optical fiber sensing demodulates, and temperature measurement sensitivity can be better than
0.3 DEG C, and systematic survey sensitivity can be adjusted in real time.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system, hardware platform include, wide spectrum light source 101,
Fiber coupler 102, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103, optical fiber sensing probe 104, fiber coupler 105, electric light tune
Device 106 processed, dispersion compensating fiber 107, high-speed photodetector 108, low noise 109, microwave power distributor 201, frequency spectrograph 202,
Signal processing and display module 203.
Gaussian or rectangle wide spectrum light source can be used in the wide spectrum light source 101, enters a fiber coupler 102, institute to it
The output end and an electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103 for stating fiber coupler 102 connect, the fiber coupler 102
Another output end connects an optical fiber sensing probe 104；The output light and optical fiber of the electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103
The output light of temperature sensing probe 104 closes beam by fiber coupler 105；The fiber coupler 102, electronic adjustable optic fibre prolong
Slow line 103, optical fiber sensing probe 104 and fiber coupler 105 constitute a Mach-Zehnder interferometer together, described electronic
The two-arm optical path difference of interferometer is adjusted in delay line 103；The wide spectrum light source 101 is working as interferometer two-arm after the interferometer
When optical path difference is in light source coherent ranges, interference fringe will be generated in the output end of interferometer, the interference fringe is on frequency domain
For a sinusoidal comb spectrum；The electrooptic modulator that the comb spectrum of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer output is in orthogonal operating point by one
106, then the microwave signal generated by optical-electronic oscillator is modulated on interference comb δ function formula by the electrooptic modulator 106, institute
Optical-electronic oscillator is stated by electrooptic modulator 106, dispersion compensating fiber 107, high-speed photodetector 108, low noise 109 and microwave
Power splitter 201 forms；The light carries microwave signal and is incident on high-speed photodetector 108 after dispersion compensating fiber 107,
The high-speed photodetector 108 converts optical signals into microwave signal, and the microwave signal passes through after being amplified by low noise 109
After crossing a microwave power distributor 201, a part of microwave signal is injected into electrooptic modulator 106, and a part of signal passes through frequency spectrum
Instrument 202 exports the centre frequency of microwave signal to measure optical-electronic oscillator, and is recorded by signal processing and display module 203
The variation of the microwave signal centre frequency.Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator in system constitute a microwave photon filter
Wave device realizes continuously adjusting for microwave signal centre frequency by the amount of delay of adjustable optic fibre delay line 103.
The specific measuring principle that a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system proposed by the present invention uses includes the following:
The variation of the temperature of 104 sensing of optical fiber sensing probe will lead to the change of light path in temp probe, from
And the centre frequency of the microwave signal of test macro output can be changed, the variable quantity of the microwave signal centre frequency can be realized
The demodulation of temperature value.Wide spectrum light source 101 will interfere after Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the output of interference fringe is in frequency domain
On may be expressed as:
Wherein A is the visibility that interferometer exports interference fringe, and output is dry when Δ ω is different interferometer optical path difference n Δ L
The frequency interval of striped is related to,For the phase drift of interferometer, ω0For the center circular frequency of laser.Δ ω may be expressed as:
The π c/n Δ L of Δ ω=2 (2)
Wherein c is the light velocity, and n is optical fibre refractivity, and Δ L is interferometer two-arm optical fiber length difference.The then freedom of the interferometer
Spectral region may be expressed as:
The output light of interference be it is related to wavelength, electric field may be characterized as:
E (t)=∫ E (ω) ejωtdω (4)
Then the optical power spectrum density of light source may be expressed as:
T (ω)=| E (ω) |2(5)
The interference fringe of interferometer output after electrooptic modulator 106, adjusted by each frequency component E (ω) of spectrum
System, and the microwave signal that a frequency is ξ is generated by optical-electronic oscillator loop, the light field that electrooptic modulator 106 exports can indicate
Are as follows:
E (ω)=ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (6)
Use dispersive optical fiber as delay line in optical-electronic oscillator, the electric field transmission function of the line of time delay may be expressed as:
H (ω)=| H (ω) | e-jφ(ω) (7)
φ (ω) is the phase that testing fiber delay introduces, and according to Taylor series expansion, which be may be expressed as:
In formula, τ (ω0) it is center frequencies omega0When group delay, β be testing fiber dispersion, unit ps2/ km, β
It may be expressed as:
D (ps/km/nm) is the abbe number of testing fiber, λ in formula0For optical source wavelength.
According to formula (5) --- (9) can obtain optical-electronic oscillator receptance function are as follows:
WhereinThus
It is found that the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output may be expressed as:
Then various surgical grade stainless steels 106 due to temperature variation caused by the variation of interferometer optical path difference may be expressed as:
Δ f in above formula0For the variable quantity of center frequency.The variation of this optical path difference is mainly derived from optical fiber sensing spy
In first 104 optical fiber refractive index and length transmitting variation, the relationship with temperature T be it is linear, may be expressed as:
Δ (n Δ L)=KT (13)
By formula (12) it is found that exporting the centre frequency of microwave signal, the middle cardiac wave of wide spectrum light source 101 according to optical-electronic oscillator
Length, optical fibre refractivity, the length of dispersion compensating fiber 107 and abbe number, so that it may obtain optical fiber sensing probe 104 by
The variable quantity of interferometer optical path difference caused by the variation of temperature.
The key of this optical fiber temperature transducer system is the parameters in formula to be determined (12), i.e., first determines photoelectricity vibration
The length and dispersion values of the dispersive optical fiber in device are swung, and adjusts the microwave that interferometer two-arm optical path difference exports optical-electronic oscillator
The frequency of signal is in common frequency spectrum, 202 measurement band limits.Make test macro by the parameters in setting formula (12)
The frequency of output microwave signal (generality of can yet be regarded as can be such that output frequency is lower than within the scope of general frequency spectrograph measurement frequency
20Hz)。
The frequency of the microwave signal of test macro output by the length of dispersion compensating fiber in optical-electronic oscillator, dispersion values and
Interferometer two-arm optical path difference codetermines.By electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103 adjust interferometer two-arm optical path difference make be
The frequency resolution for the microwave signal exported of uniting is 10MHz, dispersive optical fiber 1km, when abbe number is -150ps/km/nm, this
The sensitivity of the detectable change in optical path length amount of system is 3.6 microns, if the fiber lengths in optical fiber sensing probe 104
It is the 40ps/km/ DEG C of temperature demodulation that can obtain temperature-sensing system proposed by the present invention according to the temperature coefficient of optical-fiber time-delay for 1m
Resolution ratio is 0.3 DEG C.Pass through the parameters and the length of optical fiber in change optical fiber sensing probe 104 in optimized-type (12)
The temperature measurement sensitivity of adjustable abridged edition temperature-sensing system.
For convenience, introducing electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103 in systems is exactly to adjust demodulating system for convenience
Measurement sensitivity and measurement range.
The workflow of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system proposed by the present invention is as follows:
1, according to shown in formula (12), according to measurement sensitivity and measurement range, suitable parameter is selected to each device.It utilizes
Electronic delay line 103 adjusts the optical path difference of interferometer two-arm, realizes the adjusting to demodulating system measurement sensitivity.Carrying out temperature
Before measurement, need to measure the microwave exported under each temperature spot using temperature calibration of preceding progress to the temperature-sensing system
The centre frequency of signal, determines the Proportional coefficient K in formula (13), and by the variation of temperature and corresponding microwave signal centre frequency
Amount is cured in signal processing and display module 203 as a reference data table.
2, after powering on, modulator driving plate is worked by procedure auto-control intensity type optical modulator in linear work point.
After modulator operating point determines, the centre frequency of the microwave signal of record optical-electronic oscillator output；
3, temp probe is placed on tested point, the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output at this time will become
Change, and it can by Proportional coefficient K obtained by calibrating according to the variable quantity for the centre frequency for currently measuring obtained microwave signal
To obtain the temperature value of current tested point.
Although the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel are it will be appreciated that the present invention, but the present invention is not limited only to the range of specific embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, as long as long as various change the attached claims limit and determine spirit and scope of the invention in, one
The innovation and creation using present inventive concept are cut in the column of protection.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system, which is characterized in that it be it is a kind of based on Optical Fiber Michelson Interferometer and
The fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system that optical-electronic oscillator combines changes the optical path difference of interferometer by the variation of temperature,
To change the centre frequency of the microwave signal of optical-electronic oscillator output to realize that fibre optic temperature sensor demodulates, temperature measurement is clever
Sensitivity can be better than 0.3 DEG C, and can be adjusted in real time to systematic survey sensitivity.
2. a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that system hardware platform packet
It includes: wide spectrum light source 101, fiber coupler 102, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103, optical fiber sensing probe 104, optical fiber coupling
Clutch 105, electrooptic modulator 106, dispersion compensating fiber 107, high-speed photodetector 108, low noise 109, microwave power distributor
201, frequency spectrograph 202, signal processing and display module 203.
3. a kind of fibre optic temperature sensor demodulating system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that wide spectrum light source 101 can
Using Gaussian or rectangle wide spectrum light source, enter a fiber coupler 102, an output of the fiber coupler 102 to it
End and an electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103 connect, and another output end of the fiber coupler 102 connects a fiber optic temperature
Sensing probe 104；The output light warp of output light and the optical fiber sensing probe 104 of the electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103
It crosses fiber coupler 105 and closes beam；The fiber coupler 102, electronic adjustable optic fibre delay line 103, optical fiber sensing probe
104 and fiber coupler 105 constitute a Mach-Zehnder interferometer together, interferometer is adjusted in the electronic delay line 103
Two-arm optical path difference；The wide spectrum light source 101 is after the interferometer, when interferometer two-arm optical path difference is in light source coherent ranges
When, interference fringe will be generated in the output end of interferometer, the interference fringe is a sinusoidal comb spectrum on frequency domain；The Mach
The electrooptic modulator 106 that the comb spectrum of Zehnder interferometer output is in orthogonal operating point by one, then generated by optical-electronic oscillator
Microwave signal by the electrooptic modulator 106 be modulated onto interference comb δ function formula on, the optical-electronic oscillator is by Electro-optical Modulation
Device 106, dispersion compensating fiber 107, high-speed photodetector 108, low noise 109 and microwave power distributor 201 form；The light carries
Microwave signal is incident on high-speed photodetector 108 after dispersion compensating fiber 107, the high-speed photodetector 108
Microwave signal is converted optical signals into, the microwave signal passes through after low noise 109 is amplified by a microwave power distributor 201
Afterwards, a part of microwave signal is injected into electrooptic modulator 106, and a part of signal measures optoelectronic oscillation by frequency spectrograph 202
Device exports the centre frequency of microwave signal, and the microwave signal centre frequency is recorded by signal processing and display module 203
Variation, Mach-Zehnder interferometer and optical-electronic oscillator in system constitute a microwave photon filter, pass through adjustable optic fibre
The amount of delay of delay line 103 realizes continuously adjusting for microwave signal centre frequency.
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| CN109916834A (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2019-06-21 | 北京交通大学 | It is a kind of for measuring the optical-electronic oscillator and its measurement method of humidity |
| CN110296769A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-01 | 上海晨感智能科技有限公司 | A kind of fibre optic temperature sensor and measuring system and signal processing method |
| CN113280945A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-20 | 中国海洋大学 | Millimeter-scale sea water skin temperature profile detector based on microwave photons |
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