CN108955940B - Fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation method - Google Patents
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
Abstract
The invention relates to a sensing demodulation method based on a fiber bragg grating temperature sensing demodulation system, which is realized based on the combination of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a photoelectric oscillator, wherein the system demodulation system mainly comprises: the device comprises a wide-spectrum light source, an optical fiber circulator, an optical fiber grating, an optical fiber coupler, a single-mode optical fiber ring, a dispersive optical fiber ring, an electro-optical modulator, a dispersive optical fiber, a high-speed photoelectric detector, a low-noise amplifier, a microwave power divider, a frequency spectrograph and a computer. The fiber bragg grating is subjected to temperature change to cause the wavelength of emitted light to move, so that the optical path difference of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is changed, the central frequency of a microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is changed, the moving amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating is obtained according to the variation of the central frequency of the microwave signal, and finally the temperature sensing of the fiber bragg grating is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fiber grating sensing demodulation, and particularly relates to a fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation method based on a photoelectric oscillator.
Background
The fiber grating is a passive filter device, and has the advantages of small volume, full compatibility with optical fibers, embedding of intelligent materials and the like, and the harmonic wavelength of the fiber grating is sensitive to the change of external environmental factors such as temperature, strain physical quantity and the like, so the fiber grating is widely applied to the sensing field. The fiber Bragg grating sensor obtains sensing information by modulating the central wavelength of the fiber Bragg by external parameters, and has the advantages of electromagnetic interference resistance, high sensitivity, low cost, good compatibility with common optical fibers and the like, so that the fiber Bragg grating sensor is more and more concerned.
At present, the fiber grating sensing demodulation system mainly adopts methods such as a spectrum method, a multi-wavelength meter detection method, an edge filtering method, a tunable optical filtering method, a matched grating detection method, a wavelength tunable light source demodulation method, a CCD spectrometer detection method, a Michelson interference demodulation method and the like. However, the fiber grating sensing system realizes the demodulation of the wavelength variation of the fiber grating by an optical method, and has the characteristics of high precision and the like, but also has the characteristics of poor environmental adaptability and the like. The temperature is an important physical quantity which needs to be measured and controlled frequently in industrial and agricultural production and scientific experiments, and is also one of factors which can directly influence the wavelength change of the fiber grating, and the fiber temperature sensor provides a new effective solution for monitoring the temperature. The temperature sensitivity of the common fiber grating is about 0.010 nm/DEG C, and for the fiber grating with the working wavelength of 1550nm, the wavelength change of the measurement temperature in the range of 100 ℃ is only lnm, which can not meet the requirement of actual measurement.
The invention provides a novel fiber grating sensing demodulation system based on a photoelectric oscillator, and the wavelength resolution of the fiber grating sensing demodulation system can be adjusted at will by changing the optical time delay difference of two arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the length and dispersion coefficient of a dispersion fiber in the photoelectric oscillator.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the existing defects and provides a fiber bragg grating temperature sensing demodulation method and system based on the combination of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a photoelectric oscillator. The wavelength of the emitted light of the fiber bragg grating is shifted due to the change of the temperature, the optical path difference of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is changed due to the wavelength shift, so that the central frequency of a microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is changed, the shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating is obtained according to the change amount of the central frequency of the microwave signal, and the temperature sensing of the fiber bragg grating is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the hardware platform of the fiber bragg grating temperature sensing demodulation system comprises a wide-spectrum light source, a fiber circulator, a fiber bragg grating, a fiber coupler, a single-mode fiber ring, a dispersion fiber ring, an electro-optic modulator, a dispersion fiber, a high-speed photoelectric detector, a low-noise amplifier, a microwave power divider, a frequency spectrograph and a computer.
The wide-spectrum light source (a Gaussian or rectangular wide-spectrum light source can be adopted) enters the fiber bragg grating sensor through the fiber circulator; reflected light of the fiber bragg grating sensor enters a Mach-Zehnder interferometer after passing through the fiber circulator, wherein the interferometer consists of a single-mode fiber coupler, a single-mode fiber ring and a dispersive fiber ring; the light enters an electro-optical modulator after passing through the interferometer, the output light of the electro-optical modulator enters a dispersion compensation optical fiber, the light is delayed after passing through the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the delayed light signal is subjected to photoelectric conversion through a high-speed photoelectric detector and is amplified through low-noise amplification, the amplified microwave signal is divided into two paths after passing through a microwave power divider, and one path is injected into the electro-optical modulator, so that the electro-optical modulator, the dispersion compensation optical fiber, the high-speed photoelectric detector, the low-noise amplification and the microwave power divider form a photoelectric oscillator loop, the microwave signal is generated in the loop, and the output frequency of the microwave signal is related to the optical path difference of two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The microwave signal generated by the photoelectric oscillator is modulated to an optical domain through an electro-optic modulator, the optical carrier microwave signal is incident to a high-speed photoelectric detector after passing through a dispersion compensation optical fiber, the detector converts the optical signal into a microwave signal, the wave signal is amplified through low noise and then is subjected to power division through a microwave power divider, a part of the microwave signal is injected into the electro-optic modulator, and a part of the microwave signal is used for measuring the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator through a frequency spectrograph and recording the change of the central frequency of the microwave signal through a computer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention further explains the working principle adopted by the invention, and the principle of the tunable optical filter wavelength mobility measuring system provided by the invention is as follows:
after passing through the mach-zehnder interferometer, the wide-spectrum light source interferes, and the output of the interference fringes can be expressed in a frequency domain as follows:
wherein A is the visibility of the output interference fringe of the interferometer, and Delta omega is the frequency interval of the output interference fringe when the optical path difference of different interferometers exists,
for phase drift of interferometers, ω0Is the center of the laserThe circular frequency. Δ ω can be expressed as:
Δω＝2π/(DSMFLSMF-DDCFLDCF)Δλ (2)
in the above formula DSMFAnd DDCFThe dispersion coefficients of the single-mode optical fiber ring and the dispersion optical fiber to be measured in the interferometer are respectively LSMFAnd LDCFThe lengths of the single-mode optical fiber ring and the dispersion optical fiber to be measured in the interferometer are respectively, and delta lambda is the variable quantity of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating. The shift in the wavelength of the reflected light from the fiber grating causes a change in the output fringe of the interferometer.
The output light of the interference is wavelength dependent, and its electric field can be characterized as:
E(t)＝∫E(ω)ejωtdω (3)
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
T(ω)＝|E(ω)|2 (4)
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator, each frequency component E (ω) of the spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with a frequency ξ is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator can be represented as:
E(ω)＝ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
the dispersion fiber is used as a delay line in the optoelectronic oscillator, and the electric field transfer function of the delay line can be expressed as:
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e-jφ(ω) (6)
φ (ω) is the phase introduced by the dispersive fiber delay, which can be expressed as:
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0Group delay of time, LDCFIs the length of the dispersive fiber in the optoelectronic oscillator, and beta is the dispersion of the fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
wherein D (ps/km/nm) is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber, λ0Is the central wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating.
The optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (5) -9 as:
wherein
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
according to the formula (4) and the variation delta f of the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator0The shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating is:
according to the above formula, the wavelength shift of the fiber grating can be obtained according to the frequency of the radio frequency signal output by the photoelectric oscillator, the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating, the length and the dispersion value of the two-arm optical fiber of the mach-zehnder interferometer and the dispersion value and the length of the dispersion optical fiber, so that the temperature sensing of the fiber grating is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: based on the fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system combining the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the photoelectric oscillator, the wavelength resolution of the fiber grating sensing demodulation system can be adjusted at will by changing the optical time delay difference of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the length and dispersion coefficient of the dispersion fiber in the photoelectric oscillator. The wavelength resolution of the sensing system can be lower than 0.0007nm, the temperature sensing precision is better than 0.1 ℃, the measurement sensitivity can be adjusted, the measurement precision is high, and the measurement method is simple.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system according to the present invention;
in the drawings:
101: wide-spectrum light source
102: optical fiber circulator
103: optical fiber grating sensor
104: optical fiber coupler
105: single mode optical fiber ring
106: dispersive optical fiber ring
107: optical fiber coupler
108: electro-optic modulator
109: dispersion compensating optical fiber
201: high-speed photoelectric detector
202: low noise amplifier
203: microwave power divider
204: frequency spectrograph
205: computer with a memory card
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative of the invention and not as limiting the scope of the invention.
A fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system is realized on a fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation method combining a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a photoelectric oscillator. The wavelength of the emitted light of the fiber bragg grating is shifted due to the change of the temperature, the optical path difference of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is changed due to the wavelength shift, so that the central frequency of a microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is changed, the shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating is obtained according to the change amount of the central frequency of the microwave signal, and the temperature sensing of the fiber bragg grating is realized. The wavelength resolution can be adjusted arbitrarily by changing the optical time delay difference of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the length and dispersion coefficient of the dispersion optical fiber in the photoelectric oscillator. The wavelength resolution of the sensing system can be lower than 0.0007nm, and the temperature sensing precision is better than 0.1 ℃.
As shown in fig. 1, a hardware platform of the fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system includes a wide spectrum light source 101, a fiber circulator 102, a fiber grating 103, a fiber coupler 104, a single-mode fiber ring 105, a dispersive fiber ring 106, a fiber coupler 107, an electro-optical modulator 108, a dispersive fiber 109, a high-speed photodetector 201, a low-noise amplifier 202, a microwave power divider 203, a spectrometer 204, and a computer 205.
The wide spectrum light source 101 (which can be a gaussian or rectangular wide spectrum light source) enters the fiber bragg grating sensor 103 through the fiber circulator 102; the reflected light of the fiber bragg grating sensor 103 enters a Mach-Zehnder interferometer through a fiber circulator, and the interferometer consists of single-mode fiber couplers 104 and 107, a single-mode fiber ring 105 and a dispersive fiber ring 106; the light enters an electro-optical modulator 108 after passing through the interferometer, the output light of the electro-optical modulator 108 enters a dispersion compensation optical fiber 109, the light is delayed after passing through the dispersion compensation optical fiber 109, the delayed light signal is subjected to photoelectric conversion through a high-speed photoelectric detector 201 and is amplified through a low-noise amplifier 202, the amplified microwave signal is divided into two paths after passing through a microwave power divider 203, and one path is injected into the electro-optical modulator 108, so that the electro-optical modulator 108, the dispersion compensation optical fiber 109, the high-speed photoelectric detector 201, the low-noise amplifier 202 and the microwave power divider 203 form a photoelectric oscillator loop, a microwave signal is generated in the loop, and the output frequency of the microwave signal is related to the optical path difference between two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
The microwave signal generated by the optoelectronic oscillator is modulated to an optical domain through an electro-optical modulator 108, the optical carrier microwave signal passes through a dispersion compensation fiber 109 and then is incident on a high-speed photoelectric detector 201, the detector converts the optical signal into a microwave signal, the wave signal is amplified through a low-noise amplifier 202 and then is subjected to power division through a microwave power divider 203, a part of the microwave signal is injected into the electro-optical modulator 108, and a part of the microwave signal is used for measuring the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator through a frequency spectrograph 204 and recording the change of the central frequency of the microwave signal through a computer 205.
The working principle adopted by the fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the wavelength of the emitted light of the fiber grating 103 is shifted due to the temperature change, and the shift of the wavelength changes the optical path difference of the mach-zehnder interferometer, so that the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is changed, the shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating 103 is obtained according to the change amount of the central frequency of the microwave signal, and finally the fiber grating temperature sensing is realized.
After passing through the mach-zehnder interferometer, the broad spectrum light source 101 interferes, and the output of the interference fringes can be expressed in the frequency domain as:
wherein A is the visibility of the output interference fringe of the interferometer, and Delta omega is the frequency interval of the output interference fringe when the optical path difference of different interferometers exists,
for phase drift of interferometers, ω0The center circle frequency of the laser. Δ ω can be expressed as:
Δω＝2π/(DSMFLSMF-DDCFLDCF)Δλ (2)
in the above formula DSMFAnd DDCFThe dispersion coefficients of the single mode fiber loop 105 and the dispersion fiber 109 to be measured in the interferometer are LSMFAnd LDCFThe lengths of the single-mode fiber loop 105 and the dispersion fiber 109 to be measured in the interferometer are respectively, and Δ λ is the variation of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating 103. The shift in the wavelength of the light reflected by the fiber grating 103 causes a change in the output interference fringe of the interferometer.
The output light of the interference is wavelength dependent, and its electric field can be characterized as:
E(t)＝∫E(ω)ejωtdω (3)
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
T(ω)＝|E(ω)|2 (4)
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator 108, each frequency component E (ω) of the spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with a frequency ξ is generated by the optoelectronic oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator 108 can be represented as:
E(ω)＝ejωt(1+ejξt+e-jξt) (5)
the dispersive optical fiber 109 is used as a delay line in the optoelectronic oscillator, and the electric field transfer function of the delay line can be expressed as:
H(ω)＝|H(ω)|e-jφ(ω) (6)
φ (ω) is the phase introduced by the delay of the dispersive fiber 109, which can be expressed as:
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0Group delay of time, LDCFIs the length of the dispersive fiber 109 in the opto-electronic oscillator, and β is the dispersion of the fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
wherein D (ps/km/nm) is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber, λ0The center wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating 103.
The optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (5) -9 as:
wherein
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
according to the formula (4) and the variation delta f of the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator0The shift amount of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating 103 can be obtained as follows:
from the above formula, according to the frequency of the radio frequency signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator, the wavelength of the light reflected by the fiber grating 103, the length and dispersion value of the two-arm fiber of the mach-zehnder interferometer, and the dispersion value and length of the dispersion fiber, the wavelength shift amount of the fiber grating 103 can be obtained, thereby realizing the fiber grating temperature sensing.
The key of the measurement method provided by the invention is to determine each parameter in the formula (11), namely, the length and the dispersion value of a dispersion optical fiber 109 in the photoelectric oscillator are determined firstly, and the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer is adjusted to ensure that the frequency of a microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is within the measurement frequency range of a common spectrometer (the common spectrometer has generality, and the frequency bandwidth of the common spectrometer is dozens of KHz-26.5 GHz).
The resolution of the system can be changed by various parameters in a set (11), the central frequency 3dB bandwidth of a microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator can reach about 80MHz according to a formula (10), the frequency resolution of the microwave signal output by the system is 100MHz generally by adjusting the optical path difference of two arms of an interferometer, a dispersion optical fiber 109 in the photoelectric oscillator is 1km, when the dispersion coefficient is-150 ps/km/nm, the wavelength of a reflected light of the fiber bragg grating is 1550nm, the lengths of a single-mode optical fiber and the dispersion optical fiber in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are 1km respectively, the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion optical fiber is 17ps/km/nm, the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion optical fiber is-150 ps/km/nm, and the wavelength resolution of the sensing system can reach 0.0007nm, so that the wavelength of the ultrahigh-precision fiber bragg grating is demodulated.
The working flow of the fiber grating sensing demodulation system provided by the invention is as follows:
1. after the power is on, the modulator driving board automatically controls the intensity type optical modulator to work at a linear working point through a program.
2. After the working point of the modulator is determined, the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator is recorded as f1。
3. Changing the temperature of the fiber grating, and recording the center frequency f of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator2. The wavelength shift amount of the fiber grating can be obtained from equation (11).
The fiber bragg grating temperature sensing is calibrated by the method, so that the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator at different temperatures is determined. In actual measurement, the temperature can be directly measured according to the change of the central frequency of the microwave signal.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that all the inventive concepts using the present invention are protected as long as they can be changed within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A sensing demodulation method based on a fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after passing through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the wide-spectrum light source (101) interferes, and the output of interference fringes can be expressed on a frequency domain as follows:
wherein A is the visibility of the output interference fringe of the interferometer, and Δ ω is the output interference fringe when the optical path difference of different interferometers isFrequency separation of fringes, phase drift of interferometer, omega0For the center circle frequency of the laser, Δ ω can be expressed as:
in the above formula DSMFAnd DDCFThe dispersion coefficients, L, of a single mode fiber ring (105) and a dispersive fiber ring (106) in the interferometerSMFAnd LDCFThe lengths of a single mode fiber ring (105) and a dispersive fiber ring (106) in the interferometer respectively, delta lambda is the variation of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating (103), the shift of the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating (103) can cause the output interference fringe of the interferometer to change,
the output light of the interference is wavelength dependent, and its electric field can be characterized as:
the optical power spectral density of the light source can be expressed as:
after the interference fringes output by the interferometer pass through the electro-optical modulator (108), each frequency component E (omega) of the optical spectrum is modulated, and a microwave signal with the frequency xi is generated by the photoelectric oscillator loop, and the optical field output by the electro-optical modulator (108) can be represented as:
a dispersion compensating fiber (109) is used in an optoelectronic oscillator as a delay line whose electric field transfer function can be expressed as:
phi (omega) is the phase introduced by the delay of the dispersion compensating fiber (109), which can be expressed as:
in the formula, τ (ω)0) Has a center frequency of omega0The group delay of time, L is the length of a dispersion compensating fiber (109) in the optoelectronic oscillator, beta is the dispersion of the fiber in ps2The/km, β can be expressed as:
wherein D (ps/km/nm) is the dispersion coefficient of the optical fiber, λ0Is the central wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating,
the optoelectronic oscillator response function is obtained according to equation (5) -9 as:
wherein
，
It can be seen that the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can be expressed as:
according to the formula (4) and the variation delta f of the center frequency of the microwave signal output by the photoelectric oscillator0The reflected light wave of the fiber grating (103) can be obtainedThe long movement amounts are:
according to the above formula, the wavelength shift of the fiber grating (103) can be obtained according to the variation of the frequency of the radio frequency signal output by the photoelectric oscillator, the length and the dispersion value of the two-arm fiber of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the dispersion value and the length of the dispersion compensation fiber, thereby realizing the temperature sensing of the fiber grating.
2. The sensing demodulation method based on the fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the parameters in the equation (11) are determined, that is, the length and the dispersion value of the dispersion compensation fiber (109) in the optoelectronic oscillator are determined first, and the optical path difference between the two arms of the interferometer is adjusted to make the frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator within the measurement frequency band of the common spectrometer.
3. The sensing demodulation method based on the fiber grating temperature sensing demodulation system of claim 2, characterized in that the resolution of the measurement system can be changed by setting parameters in the device (11), the 3dB bandwidth of the central frequency of the microwave signal output by the optoelectronic oscillator can reach 80MHz according to the formula (10), the frequency resolution of the microwave signal output by the system is 100MHz generally by adjusting the optical path difference of two arms of the interferometer, the dispersion compensation fiber (109) in the optoelectronic oscillator is 1km, when the dispersion coefficient is-150 ps/km/nm, the wavelength of the reflected light of the fiber grating is 1550nm, the lengths of the single-mode fiber and the dispersion fiber in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are 1km respectively, the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion single-mode fiber is 17ps/km/nm, and the dispersion coefficient of the dispersion fiber is-150 ps/km/nm, the wavelength resolution of the sensing system can reach 0.0007nm, so that the wavelength demodulation of the ultra-high precision fiber bragg grating can be realized.
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