CN108955514B - Online measuring device for surface roughness - Google Patents
Online measuring device for surface roughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN108955514B CN108955514B CN201810817297.9A CN201810817297A CN108955514B CN 108955514 B CN108955514 B CN 108955514B CN 201810817297 A CN201810817297 A CN 201810817297A CN 108955514 B CN108955514 B CN 108955514B
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241001422033 Thestylus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005676 thermoelectric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/34—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface roughness measurement, and particularly relates to an online surface roughness measurement device which comprises a measurement device and a rotating device, wherein the measurement device is arranged on the rotating device and is connected with a surface to be detected in a contact manner, the rotating device can drive the measurement device to rotate, a slip ring is arranged on the rotating device, the measurement device comprises a measurement piece I and a measurement piece II, and the measurement piece I and the measurement piece II are respectively and electrically connected with the slip ring. The invention can realize the online real-time measurement of the roughness of the workpiece in the processing process of the workpiece, avoids the disassembly of the workpiece, and has the advantages of convenient operation, simple assembly, convenient replacement, high measurement precision, long service life and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface roughness measurement, and particularly relates to an online surface roughness measurement device.
Background
Surface roughness is an important factor in measuring the surface quality of a workpiece, and is the most commonly used parameter describing the microscopic topography of a surface in machining, reflecting the microscopic geometry errors of the surface of a mechanical workpiece. The method is mainly formed in the machining process due to tool marks left after cutting of a tool, plastic deformation during chip separation, high-frequency vibration in a process system, friction between the tool and the surface of a part and the like. The surface roughness is closely related to the matching property, wear resistance, fatigue strength, contact stiffness, vibration, noise and the like of the parts, and has important influence on the service life and reliability of mechanical workpieces. Therefore, the ability to accurately measure surface roughness is important for assessing the quality of a machined mechanical workpiece.
The methods for detecting the surface roughness are commonly used at present: comparison, photocutting, stamping, stylus, etc. However, the existing methods have respective defects: the comparison method is not accurate enough; the impression method can only work by being matched with other measuring methods, the measuring precision is not high, and the measuring process is complicated; although the stylus method is fast and convenient in measuring a planar workpiece, the method is severely limited in detecting a curved surface, and the probe is difficult to accurately detect along the radial direction of a cylinder.
In addition, the measurement methods according to the chinese patent documents of patent application nos. 200420082240.2 (a roughness profiler), 201110300237.8 (a method for detecting the surface roughness of a wafer), 201420362613.5 (a device for accurately measuring the surface roughness of shaft parts), 201410179287.9 (a device for rapidly detecting the surface roughness of a thin cylindrical workpiece and a detection method thereof), and 201611171527.6 (a roughness measuring device and method) all need to take down the workpiece for measurement, which not only affects the production efficiency, but also can cause inaccurate machining due to the change of the position of secondary installation, and also increases the production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an online measuring device for the surface roughness, which can detect the surface roughness of a workpiece on line in real time, avoids working procedures such as disassembly and secondary installation of the workpiece and is convenient to operate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides an online measuring device of surface roughness, includes survey device and rotary device, survey device sets up on rotary device to can contact the hookup with waiting to detect the surface, can drive the survey device through rotary device and rotate, be equipped with the sliding ring on the rotary device, survey device includes survey piece one and survey piece two, survey piece one and survey piece two are connected with the sliding ring electricity respectively.
The rotating device comprises a connecting piece and a rotating shaft which is arranged on the connecting piece and can rotate, the rotating shaft comprises a first shaft and a second shaft, the first shaft and the second shaft are oppositely arranged, the first shaft is connected with the second shaft in a contact manner, the second shaft can be driven to rotate through the first shaft, and the measuring device is arranged on the second shaft.
The first shaft end part is a conical head, the second shaft end part is provided with a conical hole matched with the conical head, the conical head is positioned in the conical hole, and the outer surface of the conical head is connected with the inner surface of the conical hole in a contact manner.
The connecting piece comprises a first end cover and a third end cover, wherein the first end cover is connected with the third end cover, the first shaft is rotatably connected with the first end cover, and the second shaft is rotatably connected with the third end cover.
And the first end cover is connected with the third end cover through bolts.
Bearings are respectively arranged at the joints of the first shaft and the second shaft and the connecting piece.
The first measuring pieces and the second measuring pieces are staggered in the circumferential direction of the rotating device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the thermocouple principle to measure the surface roughness of the workpiece on line, two different conductors or semiconductors form a closed loop, a certain force is applied to the two different conductors or semiconductors to make the two different conductors or semiconductors contact with the surface of the workpiece, heat generated by friction can raise the temperature of a contact point during contact, at the moment, a temperature gradient exists between the contact point and a non-contact point, current can flow in the loop, electromotive force can be generated at two ends of the loop, and then a measuring instrument is connected in the loop to collect the value of the electromotive force. And obtaining the temperature difference at two ends of the conductor through the acquired electromotive force values, and further obtaining the corresponding value of the surface roughness of the workpiece.
The invention can realize the online real-time measurement of the roughness of the workpiece in the processing process of the workpiece, avoids the disassembly of the workpiece, and has the advantages of convenient operation, simple assembly, convenient replacement, high measurement precision, long service life and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the coupling configuration of the first shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the coupling configuration of the second shaft of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the measuring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the use of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple;
Wherein: the device comprises a motor 1, an end cover 1, a bolt 3, a small lock nut 4, a bearing seat 5, a bearing 6, an end cover two, a first shaft 8, a large lock nut 9, an insulating gasket 10, a measuring sheet one 11, a second shaft 12, an end cover three 13, a lead wire 14, a slip ring 15, a measuring sheet two 16, a long bolt 17, a nut 18, a workpiece 19, an online measuring device 20, a signal amplifier 21 and a computer 22.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
An on-line measuring device for surface roughness of shaft is disclosed, which uses thermocouple principle to realize on-line measurement of surface roughness of shaft, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 6, when two homogeneous conductors or semiconductors A and B with two different components are connected to form a closed loop, as long as the temperatures at two nodes of the closed loop are different, the temperature gradient exists at the two ends, and current will pass through the loop, and at this time, electromotive force exists between the two ends, and the direction and the magnitude of the electromotive force are related to the material of the conductor and the temperature of the two nodes.
This phenomenon is called the "thermoelectric effect", the loop formed by two conductors called "thermocouple", these two conductors called "thermoelectrode", and the electromotive force generated is called "thermoelectromotive force". Typically, the higher temperature end is referred to as the working or hot end (assuming a temperature T), and the lower temperature end is referred to as the free end (also referred to as the reference end) or cold end (assuming a temperature T0), the free end typically being at some constant temperature.
After the material of the hot electrode is determined, the magnitude of the thermoelectromotive force in the thermocouple loop is only related to the temperature of two nodes of the closed loop, and is not related to the length and the section size of the thermocouple. The higher the temperature at the junction, the more active the electrons in the conductor, the more electrons are diffused from the conductor or semiconductor a with the higher electron density to the conductor or semiconductor B with the lower electron density, resulting in a higher electric field strength and thus a higher contact potential at the contact surface.
When the third metal material is connected into the thermocouple loop, the thermoelectromotive force generated by the thermocouple in the loop will remain unchanged as long as the temperature of two junctions of the material is the same, i.e. the thermocouple is not influenced by the connection of the third metal into the loop. Therefore, when the thermocouple measures the temperature, the measuring instrument can be connected, and the temperature of the measured medium can be known after the electromotive force is measured. Therefore, the temperature difference between two ends of the conductor corresponding to different electromotive force values can be obtained.
The invention utilizes the thermocouple principle to carry out the on-line measurement of the surface roughness of the workpiece 19, and the specific implementation mode is as follows: two different conductors or semiconductors form a closed loop, a certain force is applied to the two different conductors or semiconductors so as to enable the two different conductors or semiconductors to be in contact with the surface of a workpiece 19, heat generated by friction during contact can enable the temperature of a contact point to rise, at the moment, a temperature gradient exists between the contact point and an uncoupling point, current can flow in the loop, electromotive force can be generated at two ends of the loop, a measuring instrument is connected into the loop, and the value of the electromotive force is collected.
The heat generated by friction varies depending on the roughness of the surface of the workpiece 19, and the temperature difference between the two ends of the conductor varies. That is, the surface roughness and the temperature difference between the two ends of the conductor can establish a certain relation.
Thus, the temperature difference between the two ends of the conductor can be obtained by the collected electromotive force values, and the corresponding value of the surface roughness of the workpiece 19 can be obtained.
According to the method, the following device can be adopted for realizing:
As shown in FIG. 1, an on-line measuring device for surface roughness comprises a measuring device and a rotating device, wherein the measuring device is arranged on the rotating device and is connected with a surface to be detected in a contact way, the rotating device can drive the measuring device to rotate, a slip ring 15 is arranged on the rotating device, the measuring device comprises a first measuring piece 11 and a second measuring piece 16, the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are made of two metals with different materials, and the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are respectively electrically connected with the slip ring 15 through a lead 14 and form a loop.
During detection, the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are driven to rotate by the rotating device, and friction is generated between the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 which are made of two metals different in material and the surface to be detected (a workpiece 19) at the same time, so that the temperature at a contact point is increased. The first metal measuring plate 11 and the second metal measuring plate 16 are connected to the slip ring 15 via the lead wires 14, respectively, so that electromotive force is generated in the circuit. The obtained electromotive force passes through a signal amplifier 21 in the circuit, and is collected and processed by a computer 22 to obtain the surface roughness of the workpiece 19.
The main function of the rotating device is to realize the rotation of the first measuring plate 11 and the second measuring plate 16. Thus, the rotating device can be realized in a variety of structures:
The rotating device comprises a connecting piece and a rotatable rotating shaft arranged on the connecting piece, the rotating shaft comprises a first shaft 8 and a second shaft 12, the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 12 are oppositely arranged, the axes of the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 12 are on the same straight line, the first shaft 8 is connected with the second shaft 12 in a contact way, when the first shaft 8 rotates, the second shaft 12 is driven to rotate through friction force, and the measuring device is arranged on the second shaft 12. The first shaft 8 can be rotated by coupling the motor 1. The first shaft 8 is a driving shaft, and the second shaft 12 is a driven shaft.
The connecting piece mainly plays a role in connection and support, so that the specific structure of the connecting piece can be adjusted and designed according to actual conditions, such as: the connecting piece comprises a first end cover 2 and a third end cover 13, a space exists between the first end cover 2 and the third end cover 13, and the first end cover 2 and the third end cover 13 can be connected through a long bolt 17.
The joint of the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 12 and the connecting piece is respectively provided with a bearing 6 and a bearing seat 5, and the bearing 6 and the bearing seat 5 are respectively fixed through small lock nuts 4, and the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 12 are respectively connected with a first end cover 2 and a third end cover 13 through a second end cover 7, and the concrete steps are as follows:
As shown in fig. 2, the motor 1 is mounted on the end cover one 2 through a bolt 3, and the rotating shaft of the motor 1 is connected with the first shaft 8; the first end cover 2 is arranged on the bearing seat 5; the bearing 6 is arranged on the first shaft 8, and the bearing 6 is locked on the first shaft 8 through the small locking nut 4; the outer ring of the bearing 6 is installed in the hole of the bearing seat 5, and the bearing 6 is axially fixed in the bearing seat 5 through the first end cover 2 and the second end cover 7 which are installed at the two ends of the bearing seat 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the specific coupling of the second shaft 12 with the connecting member is: the bearing 6 is arranged on the second shaft 12, and the bearing 6 is locked on the second shaft 12 through the small lock nut 4; the outer ring of the bearing 6 is arranged in a hole of the bearing seat 5, and the bearing 6 is axially fixed in the bearing seat 5 through the second end cover 7 and the third end cover 13 which are arranged at two ends of the bearing seat 5; one end of the second shaft 12 is provided with a boss for installing the insulating gasket 10, the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16, and the boss is provided with external threads connected with the large locking nut 9.
One end of the first shaft 8 is provided with a boss (conical head) with a certain taper, and the center of one end of the second shaft 12 provided with the boss is provided with a conical blind hole (conical hole) with the same taper as the boss of the first shaft 8; during installation, the boss of the first shaft 8 is inserted into the conical blind hole of the second shaft 12, the first end cover 2 and the third end cover 13 are fixed together through the long bolt 17 and the nut 18, and corresponding through holes are formed in the first end cover 2 and the third end cover 13.
The specific number of the first measurement piece 11 and the second measurement piece 16 can be adjusted and set according to the actual situation. The first measuring plate 11 and the second measuring plate 16 are staggered in the circumferential direction (as shown in fig. 4), and the staggered arrangement means that the first measuring plate 11, the second measuring plate 16, the first measuring plate 11 and the second measuring plate 16 … … are sequentially arranged and can form an annular structure after being arranged.
Mounting of the measuring device to the second shaft 12: after a piece of insulating gasket 10 is sleeved on the boss of the second shaft 12, a first measuring piece 11 and a second measuring piece 16 are sleeved on the boss of the second shaft 12, then another piece of insulating gasket 10 is sleeved on the boss of the second shaft 12, and finally the mounting insulating gasket 10, the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are locked on the second shaft 12 by using a large locking nut 9. The second shaft 12 is provided with a hole through which the lead wire 14 passes, so that the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are communicated with a slip ring 15 provided at the other end of the second shaft 12 by the lead wire 14.
As shown in fig. 5, in a specific use, the surface roughness online measuring device 20 (the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16) provided by the present invention is applied with a certain force near the workpiece 19; during detection, the motor 1 drives the first shaft 8 to rotate, and under the action of friction force between the boss of the first shaft 8 and the taper blind hole of the second shaft 12, the first measuring piece 11 and the second measuring piece 16 are driven to rotate together. At this time, friction between the first metal measuring piece 11 and the second metal measuring piece 16, which are made of different materials, and the workpiece 19 causes a temperature rise at the contact point. The first metal measuring plate 11 and the second metal measuring plate 16 are connected to the slip ring 15 via the lead wires 14, respectively, so that electromotive force is generated in the circuit. The obtained electromotive force is collected and processed by a computer 22 after passing through a signal amplifier 21 in a loop, and the surface roughness of the workpiece 19 is obtained.
The above circuit structure is well known to those skilled in the art and can be adjusted according to the actual situation. The device can be fixed in work piece department through modes such as setting up the mounting bracket, and the mounting bracket mainly plays the coupling effect, and the specific structure of mounting bracket can be designed according to actual conditions promptly, so not elaborated here in detail. The specific relationship between the surface roughness and the temperature difference across the conductor can be obtained from a limited number of experiments.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the various changes are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An on-line measuring device for surface roughness, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a measuring device and a rotating device, wherein the measuring device is arranged on the rotating device and can be in contact connection with a surface to be detected, the measuring device can be driven to rotate through the rotating device, a slip ring (15) is arranged on the rotating device, the measuring device comprises a measuring piece I (11) and a measuring piece II (16), and the measuring piece I (11) and the measuring piece II (16) are respectively and electrically connected with the slip ring (15); the first measuring sheet (11) and the second measuring sheet (16) are staggered in the circumferential direction of the rotating device; the staggered arrangement means that the first measuring sheet (11), the second measuring sheet (16), the first measuring sheet (11) and the second measuring sheet (16) are arranged in sequence, and an annular structure can be formed after the arrangement;
The rotating device comprises a connecting piece and a rotatable rotating shaft arranged on the connecting piece, the rotating shaft comprises a first shaft (8) and a second shaft (12), the first shaft (8) and the second shaft (12) are oppositely arranged, the first shaft (8) is connected with the second shaft (12) in a contact way, the second shaft (12) can be driven to rotate through the first shaft (8), and the measuring device is arranged on the second shaft (12); the end part of the first shaft (8) is a conical head, the end part of the second shaft (12) is provided with a conical hole matched with the conical head, the conical head is positioned in the conical hole, and the outer surface of the conical head is in contact connection with the inner surface of the conical hole; one end of the second shaft (12) is provided with a boss for installing the insulating gasket (10), the first measuring piece (11) and the second measuring piece (16), and the boss is provided with external threads connected with the large locking nut (9);
Firstly, sleeving a piece of insulating gasket (10) on a boss of a second shaft (12), sleeving a first measuring piece (11) and a second measuring piece (16) on the boss of the second shaft (12), sleeving the other piece of insulating gasket (10) on the boss of the second shaft (12), and finally locking the mounting insulating gasket (10), the first measuring piece (11) and the second measuring piece (16) on the second shaft (12) by using a large locking nut (9);
The connecting piece comprises a first end cover (2) and a third end cover (13), the first end cover (2) is connected with the third end cover (13), the first shaft (8) is rotationally connected with the first end cover (2), and the second shaft (12) is rotationally connected with the third end cover (13); the taper head of the first shaft (8) is inserted into the taper hole of the second shaft (12), and the first end cover (2) and the third end cover (13) are fixed through the long bolt (17) and the nut (18).
2. The on-line surface roughness measurement device of claim 1, wherein: and bearings (6) are respectively arranged at the joints of the first shaft (8) and the second shaft (12) and the connecting piece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810817297.9A CN108955514B (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | Online measuring device for surface roughness |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810817297.9A CN108955514B (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | Online measuring device for surface roughness |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108955514A CN108955514A (en) | 2018-12-07 |
| CN108955514B true CN108955514B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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| CN201810817297.9A Active CN108955514B (en) | 2018-07-24 | 2018-07-24 | Online measuring device for surface roughness |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08105801A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1996-04-23 | Nikon Corp | Cantilever with microscopic thermocouple and scanning temperature distribution measuring apparatus |
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| CN201497485U (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2010-06-02 | 浙江新剑精密制品有限公司 | Conical surface roughness measuring device |
| CN102944764A (en) * | 2012-12-03 | 2013-02-27 | 四川农业大学 | Device for measuring dynamic change of friction static electricity and friction property of insulating material |
| JP2015169641A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2015-09-28 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Surface roughness measurement unit, three-dimensional measurement system, method of displaying operational state of surface roughness measurement unit |
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2018
- 2018-07-24 CN CN201810817297.9A patent/CN108955514B/en active Active
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| Title |
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Effective date of registration: 20240906 Address after: No. 59 Guoke Street, Zhongbei High tech Industrial Development Zone, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province 030008 Patentee after: Kaixin Tianke (Shanxi) New Materials Co.,Ltd. Country or region after: China Address before: No. 66, Berlin District, Wan Berlin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi Patentee before: TAIYUAN University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Country or region before: China |