CN108950295B - Shielding type copper alloy wire and application thereof - Google Patents
Shielding type copper alloy wire and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
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- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
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- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
- H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shielding type copper alloy wire and application thereof, relating to the technical field of copper alloy wires, wherein the copper alloy wire comprises the following element components: silicon: 0.24 to 0.36%, Fe: 0.015 to 0.05%, lithium: 0.13 to 0.27%, strontium: 0.06-0.14%, scandium: 0.02 to 0.08%, erbium: 0.03-0.11%, tellurium: 0.008-0.03%, phosphorus: 0.005-0.01% and the balance of copper. The copper alloy wire rod provided by the invention has the advantages that the mechanical strength, the plasticity, the conductivity, the shielding property and the like are obviously improved, the application field of the copper alloy wire rod is greatly widened, the service life of the copper alloy wire rod is prolonged, and the urgent demand of the market on the high-performance copper alloy wire rod is further met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of copper alloy wires, in particular to a shielding type copper alloy wire.
Background
The wire and cable is used for transmitting electric (magnetic) energy, information and wire products for realizing electromagnetic energy conversion. The wire and cable industry, although only a complete set of industries, occupies the value of 1/4, which is the chinese electrical industry. The product has various types and wide application range, relates to the industries of electric power, construction, communication, manufacturing and the like, and is closely related to each department of national economy. The electric wire and cable is also called as artery and nerve of national economy, is a basic device which is indispensable for transmitting electric energy, transmitting information, manufacturing various motors, instruments and meters and realizing electromagnetic energy conversion, and is a necessary basic product in future electrification and information-based society.
The lead materials of the electric wire and the cable are various, wherein pure copper is most widely used, and with the development of the society, various performances of the pure copper lead can not meet the requirements of industrial development, so that people add some other elements into the pure copper to prepare the copper alloy lead so as to improve the performances of the lead. However, the existing copper alloy wire still cannot meet the market demand in terms of conductivity, strength, toughness and the like.
The patent application with the publication number of CN107828985A discloses a Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Al copper alloy wire rod, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.10-0.70% of Cr, 0.05-0.50% of Zr, 0.50-2.00% of Ni, 0.10-0.50% of Al, and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities. The copper alloy wire has good tensile strength, but the electrical conductivity is low, only 34-48% IACS, and the applicability is limited.
Patent application with publication number CN104060120A discloses a preparation method of a high-strength copper alloy wire rod, which is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Mg0.6 to 0.9 percent of Cr0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn0.3 to 0.4 percent of Sn0.6 to 0.8 percent of Si0.4 to 0.5 percent of Nb0.3 to 0.4 percent of Mo0.07 to 0.08 percent of Fe0.06 to 0.07 percent of Co0.04 to 0.05 percent of Ce0.04 to 0.05 percent of and Y0.02 to 0.03 percent of, and the balance of copper and inevitable non-metallic inclusions. The copper alloy wire has good conductivity, but the mechanical strength is insufficient, and the applicability is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shielding type copper alloy wire which is excellent in comprehensive performance and application performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a shielding type copper alloy wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
silicon: 0.28-0.36%;
iron: 0.03-0.05%;
lithium: 0.18 to 0.27 percent;
strontium: 0.09-0.14%;
scandium: 0.04-0.08%;
erbium: 0.05-0.11%;
tellurium: 0.014-0.03%;
phosphorus: 0.007-0.01%;
the balance being copper.
Further, the copper alloy wire rod comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
silicon: 0.28 percent;
iron: 0.03 percent;
lithium: 0.18 percent;
strontium: 0.09%;
scandium: 0.04 percent;
erbium: 0.05 percent;
tellurium: 0.014%;
phosphorus: 0.007%;
the balance being copper.
Further, the preparation method of the copper alloy wire rod comprises the following steps:
step 1: proportioning according to weight percentage, and then carrying out the following steps of melting:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a melting furnace at the temperature of 1125 ℃, and preserving heat for 48 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1565 ℃ at a heating rate of 32 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 68 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to be 1155 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor, a degassing box and a ceramic filter plate arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2.3 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace for refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the horizontal continuous casting speed is 950mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 8.5m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy cast strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
the heating temperature of the solution heat treatment is 825 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 85 min;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine;
step 6: and (4) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4.8 hours.
Further, in the step 1, the rotation speed of the graphite rotor was 165r/min, the argon pressure of the deaerator tank was 215KPa, and the porosity of the ceramic filter plate was 65 ppi.
Further, in the above step 2, the HZ-TJL type refining agent was added in an amount of 0.48% by weight based on the weight of the copper alloy melt.
Further, in the above step 3, the casting temperature of the continuous casting machine is 1125 ℃.
Furthermore, in the step 4, the heating temperature of the stress relief annealing treatment is 560 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.8 h.
Further, in the above step 5, the pass drawing deformation was 6.5%, and the drawing speed was 3.8 m/s.
Further, in the above step 6, the aging treatment temperature was 420 ℃.
The shielding type copper alloy wire is applied to cables, leads, contact wires, connectors, automobile wire harnesses, switch heads and power supply and distribution equipment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: by skillfully selecting the element components contained in the copper alloy wire and creatively improving the preparation process, the prepared copper-based alloy material has the following characteristics and advantages: the tensile strength and the yield strength are high, the elastic modulus is large, the toughness is good, and the mechanical property is excellent; the plasticity is strong, the elongation is high, and the processing performance is excellent; the resistance value is small, the conductivity is good, and the conductivity is high; the electromagnetic shielding effect is excellent, and the anti-interference performance is strong; the high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant cable has high temperature resistance, high corrosion resistance, softening temperature resistance of over 430 ℃, excellent overall performance, good applicability, reliability, safety and wide market prospect, and can be widely applied to the power transmission and connection fields of machinery, electronics, automobiles, communication, traffic and the like.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The following table 1 shows the elemental composition ratio (%):
TABLE 1
| Composition/percent% | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Silicon | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.36 |
| Iron | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.035 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Lithium ion source | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.27 |
| Strontium salt | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0,14 |
| Scandium (Sc) | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 |
| Erbium (erbium) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| Tellurium | 0.008 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.022 | 0.03 |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.01 |
| Copper (Cu) | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of |
Example 1
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a shielding type copper alloy wire, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the materials are mixed according to the weight percentage, and then the melting is carried out in the following stages:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a melting furnace at the temperature of 1120 ℃, and preserving heat for 50 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1560 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 70 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to 1150 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor with the rotation speed of 160r/min, a degassing box with the argon pressure of 210KPa and a ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 60ppi which are arranged on a launder to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, then adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent which is 0.46 percent of the weight of the copper alloy melt into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the casting temperature is 1120 ℃, the horizontal continuous casting speed is 900mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 8m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy cast strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
solution heat treatment: heating at 820 deg.C for 90 min;
stress relief annealing treatment: heating at 555 deg.C for 3 h;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine, wherein the pass drawing deformation is 6%, and the drawing speed is 3.5 m/s;
step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 5 hours at the temperature of 415 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a shielding type copper alloy wire, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the materials are mixed according to the weight percentage, and then the melting is carried out in the following stages:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a melting furnace at the temperature of 1125 ℃, and preserving heat for 48 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1565 ℃ at a heating rate of 32 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 68 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to be 1155 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 165r/min, a degassing box with the argon pressure of 215KPa and a ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 65ppi on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2.3 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent which is 0.48 percent of the weight of the copper alloy melt into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and a continuous rolling machine for continuous casting and continuous rolling, wherein the casting temperature is 1125 ℃, the horizontal continuous casting speed is 950mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 8.5m/s, so that a copper alloy cast strip is obtained;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
solution heat treatment: heating at 825 deg.C for 85 min;
stress relief annealing treatment: the heating temperature is 560 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.8 h;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine, wherein the pass drawing deformation is 6.5%, and the drawing speed is 3.8 m/s;
step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4.8h at the temperature of 420 ℃.
Example 3
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a shielding type copper alloy wire, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the materials are mixed according to the weight percentage, and then the melting is carried out in the following stages:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a melting furnace at the temperature of 1130 ℃ and preserving heat for 45 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1570 ℃ at the heating rate of 35 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 65 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to be 1160 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor with the rotating speed of 170r/min, a degassing box with the argon pressure of 220KPa and a ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 70ppi arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, then adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2.5 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent which is 0.50 percent of the weight of the copper alloy melt into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the casting temperature is 1130 ℃, the horizontal continuous casting speed is 1000mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 9m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy cast strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
solution heat treatment: heating at 830 deg.C for 80 min;
stress relief annealing treatment: the heating temperature is 565 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.5 h;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine, wherein the pass drawing deformation is 7%, and the drawing speed is 4 m/s;
step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4.5h at the temperature of 425 ℃.
Example 4
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a shielding type copper alloy wire, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the materials are mixed according to the weight percentage, and then the melting is carried out in the following stages:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a smelting furnace at the temperature of 1135 ℃, and preserving heat for 42 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1575 ℃ at the heating rate of 38 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 62 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to be 1165 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor with the rotation speed of 175r/min, a degassing box with the argon pressure of 225KPa and a ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 75ppi arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2.8 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent which is 0.52 percent of the weight of the copper alloy melt into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the casting temperature is 1135 ℃, the horizontal continuous casting speed is 1050mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 9.5m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy casting strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
solution heat treatment: heating at 835 deg.C for 75 min;
stress relief annealing treatment: the heating temperature is 570 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.4 h;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine, wherein the pass drawing deformation is 7.5%, and the drawing speed is 4.2 m/s;
step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4.2h at the temperature of 430 ℃.
Example 5
The embodiment relates to a preparation method of a shielding type copper alloy wire, which is mainly carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the materials are mixed according to the weight percentage, and then the melting is carried out in the following stages:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a smelting furnace at 1140 ℃ and preserving heat for 40 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1580 ℃ at the heating rate of 40 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 60 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to 1170 ℃, then sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor with the rotation speed of 180r/min, a degassing box with the argon pressure of 230KPa and a ceramic filter plate with the porosity of 80ppi which are arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, then adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 3 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent which is 0.54 percent of the weight of the copper alloy melt into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the casting temperature is 1140 ℃, the horizontal continuous casting speed is 1100mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 10m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy cast strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
solution heat treatment: heating at 840 deg.C, and holding for 70 min;
stress relief annealing treatment: the heating temperature is 575 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 h;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine, wherein the pass drawing deformation is 8%, and the drawing speed is 4.5 m/s;
step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing at 435 ℃ for 4 h.
Comparative example group
In Table 2 below, "-" indicates a reduced addition of a certain ingredient:
TABLE 2
| Composition/percent% | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 |
| Silicon | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.36 |
| Iron | 0.015 | 0.03 | 0.035 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Lithium ion source | - | - | - | - | - |
| Strontium salt | 0.06 | - | - | - | - |
| Scandium (Sc) | 0.02 | 0.04 | - | - | - |
| Erbium (erbium) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | - | - |
| Tellurium | 0.008 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.022 | - |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.005 | 0.007 | 0.008 | 0.009 | 0.01 |
| Copper (Cu) | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of | Balance of |
Comparative example 6
The comparative example relates to a preparation method of a copper alloy wire, which is equivalent to example 1, the contents of element components are the same, but the heat treatment process of the cast strip in step 4 in the preparation method is different;
this comparative example, step 4: stress relief annealing treatment: the heating temperature is 555 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h.
Comparative example 7
The comparative example relates to a preparation method of a copper alloy wire rod, which is equivalent to example 5, the contents of element components are the same, but the thermal aging temperature of the wire rod in the step 6 in the preparation method is different;
comparative example step 6: and (3) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4 hours at the temperature of 360 ℃.
Comparative example 8
The comparative example relates to a copper alloy wire, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Mg0.6 to 0.9 percent of Cr0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn0.3 to 0.4 percent of Sn0.6 to 0.8 percent of Si0.4 to 0.5 percent of Nb0.3 to 0.4 percent of Mo0.07 to 0.08 percent of Fe0.06 to 0.07 percent of the total weight of the alloy, 0.04 to 0.05 percent of Co0.04 to 0.05 percent of the total weight of the alloy, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of Y and the balance of copper.
Performance detection
The above examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were subjected to the following test of performance index in Table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the above table 3, the selection and setting of the elemental components and the content of the copper alloy wire rod are exquisite, and have a synergistic effect, and the tensile strength of the copper alloy wire rod can be more than or equal to 682MPa only by integrating the components, the proportion and the preparation method into a whole set of technical scheme; the yield strength is more than or equal to 575 MPa; the yield strength is more than or equal to 130 MPa; the elastic modulus is more than or equal to 130 GPa; the elongation is more than or equal to 17.6 percent; the conductivity is more than or equal to 84.8 percent IACS and the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (the detection frequency is 1.5GHz) is more than or equal to 114 dB;
therefore, compared with the copper alloy wire rod in the prior art, the integral performance of the copper alloy wire rod is remarkably improved, the application field of the copper alloy wire rod is greatly widened, the service life of the copper alloy wire rod is prolonged, and the urgent demand of the market on the high-performance copper alloy wire rod is further met.
In combination with the beneficial effects of the present invention, the applicant makes the following descriptions on the elemental compositions contained in the copper alloy of the present invention:
(1) silicon, iron: the two element components are used as characteristic microalloy elements of copper, the solid solubility of the two element components is relatively limited in the copper, the solid solubility of the two element components is changed violently along with the temperature change, when the temperature begins to decrease after the crystallization of the alloy is finished, the solid solubility of the two element components in the copper also begins to decrease, the two element components are precipitated from a solid phase in the forms of a silicon copper compound and a copper iron compound, and after the two element components are dissolved in the copper, different effects are exerted on the copper alloy, and the effect of solid solution strengthening is achieved; (1) silicon: the tensile strength and the thermal stability of the copper alloy are improved, but the content of silicon is not easy to exceed 0.36%, otherwise the electrical property is obviously reduced, the cast rod is easy to generate defects, and even the cast rod can be broken in the processing process, so that the content of silicon in the optimal range of the copper alloy composition proportion is 0.24-0.36%, and the beneficial effects of the copper alloy composition can not be well realized due to the exceeding or the shortage. (2) Iron: the creep deformation of the copper alloy is inhibited, the stability, tensile strength, yield limit and heat resistance of a copper-based structure are improved, and the plasticity and electromagnetic shielding resistance of the alloy can be improved; but the content of iron is not easy to exceed 0.05 percent, otherwise the copper-based electrical property is obviously weakened, and the copper-based electrical property has influence on the use of the copper-based electrical property in the fields of wire and cable conductors, cable accessories and electric appliances, so that the optimal range of the content of iron in the copper alloy composition proportion is 0.015-0.05 percent, and the beneficial effects of the copper-based electrical alloy composition cannot be well realized due to the excess or deficiency.
(2) Lithium: as a characteristic additive element of complex compounds, lithium can form Cu in a copper alloy meltxLiyThe high-temperature strengthening phase is dispersed, so that the hardness, the corrosion resistance and the toughness of the copper alloy are improved; but the content of lithium is not easy to exceed 0.27 percent, otherwise, the strength performance of the copper alloy material is obviously weakened; and a small amount of lithium element can improve the electrical property of the copper alloy, so that a large number of experiments show that the optimum range of the lithium content in the copper alloy composition ratio is 0.13-0.27%, and the beneficial effects of the invention cannot be well realized due to the excess or deficiency.
(3) Strontium: as a characteristic additive element of a complex compound, various strontium copper compounds formed by the complex compound and copper can play a role in strengthening the copper alloy at high temperature and improve the high-temperature creep property of the material. In addition, the test shows that the addition of strontium can prevent the problem of high-temperature cracking of the copper alloy during casting and rolling, avoid the defects of metal parts in casting, reduce the process cost and improve the yield. But the content of strontium is not easy to exceed 0.14 percent, otherwise, the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy material is seriously weakened; therefore, the optimal range of the lithium content in the copper alloy composition ratio is 0.06-0.14%, and the beneficial effects of the invention cannot be well realized due to the excess or deficiency.
(4) Scandium and erbium: the two kinds of rare earth elements can respectively form refractory active metal compounds with copper, and the high-melting-point active metal compounds can be dispersed and distributed among reticular or framework-shaped crystal and branch crystal and are firmly combined with a copper matrix, so that the functions of strengthening and stabilizing a crystal boundary are achieved. Meanwhile, elements such as iron, silicon and the like in the molten metal can be neutralized to form high-melting-point compounds or the high-melting-point compounds are uniformly distributed in the whole crystal structure among dendrites, so that the dendrite structure is eliminated, the supercooling degree in the crystallization process is reduced, the segregation is reduced, the solidification structure of the alloy is refined, and the copper alloy has the effect of improving the comprehensive performance of the copper alloy; however, the two components are only present in small amounts in the copper alloy; therefore, research shows that the optimal interval of the scandium content in the copper alloy composition proportion is 0.02-0.08%, the optimal interval of the scandium content in the copper alloy composition proportion is 0.03-0.11%, and the beneficial effects of the invention cannot be well realized if either one of the scandium content and the scandium content exceeds or is not enough.
(5) Tellurium: the copper alloy is used as a semimetal element, has special physical properties, can better improve the arc resistance and the processing property of the copper-based material when being added into the copper alloy, and can obviously improve the conductivity of the copper alloy by adding a small amount of tellurium; but the content of tellurium is not easy to exceed 0.03 percent, otherwise the strength and toughness of the copper alloy material are obviously weakened; therefore, the optimal interval of the tellurium content in the copper alloy composition ratio is 0.008-0.03%, and the beneficial effects of the invention cannot be well realized due to the excess or deficiency.
(6) Phosphorus: phosphorus is an effective and low-cost deoxidizer for the copper alloy, and the existence of trace phosphorus can improve the fluidity of the copper-based melt, improve the welding performance and corrosion resistance of the copper alloy material and improve the softening resistance; but the content of phosphorus is not easy to exceed 0.01 percent, otherwise the conductivity of the copper alloy material is obviously weakened; therefore, the content of phosphorus in the optimal range of the copper alloy composition ratio is 0.005-0.01%, and the beneficial effects of the copper alloy composition ratio cannot be well realized due to the excess or deficiency.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The shielding type copper alloy wire is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight:
silicon: 0.28 percent;
iron: 0.03 percent;
lithium: 0.18 percent;
strontium: 0.09%;
scandium: 0.04 percent;
erbium: 0.05 percent;
tellurium: 0.014%;
phosphorus: 0.007%;
the balance being copper;
the preparation method of the copper alloy wire rod comprises the following steps:
step 1: proportioning according to weight percentage, and then carrying out the following steps of melting:
i: heating and melting the copper block in a melting furnace at the temperature of 1125 ℃, and preserving heat for 48 min;
II: adding ferrosilicon powder, scandium powder and erbium powder into a smelting furnace, heating to 1565 ℃ at a heating rate of 32 ℃/min under the stirring condition to fully melt the powder, and preserving heat for 68 min;
III: controlling the temperature of the copper liquid obtained in the stage II to be 1155 ℃, sequentially flowing through a graphite rotor, a degassing box and a ceramic filter plate arranged on a flow groove to carry out online degassing and filtering treatment, finally transferring the copper liquid to a vacuum heat-preserving furnace, adding lithium powder, tellurium powder, phosphorus powder and strontium powder into the vacuum heat-preserving furnace, and carrying out magnetic stirring for 2.3 hours to obtain a copper alloy melt;
step 2: adding an HZ-TJL type refining agent into a vacuum heat-preserving furnace for refining and deslagging to obtain a refined aluminum alloy melt;
and step 3: casting the aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2 by adopting a horizontal continuous casting machine with a crystallizer and carrying out continuous casting and continuous rolling by adopting a continuous rolling machine, wherein the horizontal continuous casting speed is 950mm/min, and the final rolling speed is 8.5m/s, so as to obtain a copper alloy cast strip;
and 4, step 4: carrying out solid solution heat treatment and stress relief annealing treatment on the casting strip in sequence;
the heating temperature of the solution heat treatment is 825 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 85 min;
and 5: drawing the copper alloy cast strip processed in the step 4 to the required specification diameter by a drawing machine;
step 6: and (4) carrying out aging heat treatment on the copper alloy wire rod obtained by drawing for 4.8 hours.
2. The shielded copper alloy wire according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the rotation speed of the graphite rotor is 165r/min, the argon pressure of the degassing tank is 215KPa, and the porosity of the ceramic filter plate is 65 ppi.
3. The shielded copper alloy wire as recited in claim 2, wherein the HZ-TJL type refining agent is added in an amount of 0.48% by weight based on the weight of the copper alloy melt in the step 2.
4. The shielded copper alloy wire as recited in claim 3, wherein the casting temperature of said continuous casting machine in step 3 is 1125 ℃.
5. The shielded copper alloy wire according to claim 4, wherein the heating temperature of the stress-relief annealing treatment in step 4 is 560 ℃ and the holding time is 2.8 h.
6. The shielded copper alloy wire according to claim 5, wherein the pass drawing deformation amount in step 5 is 6.5% and the drawing speed is 3.8 m/s.
7. The shielded copper alloy wire as recited in claim 6, wherein said aging temperature in step 6 is 420 ℃.
8. Use of the shielded copper alloy wire according to any one of claims 1 to 7 in cables, wires, contact wires, connectors, automotive harnesses, switch outlets and power distribution equipment.
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| CN108220665A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-29 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of railway power through track rare-earth copper alloy line and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107419132A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-12-01 | 安徽晋源铜业有限公司 | A kind of lead frame corson alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108220665A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-29 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | A kind of railway power through track rare-earth copper alloy line and preparation method thereof |
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