CN108948805A - 一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法 - Google Patents

一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法 Download PDF

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CN108948805A
CN108948805A CN201810812323.9A CN201810812323A CN108948805A CN 108948805 A CN108948805 A CN 108948805A CN 201810812323 A CN201810812323 A CN 201810812323A CN 108948805 A CN108948805 A CN 108948805A
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aluminium alloy
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，具体为：将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化后，即可。所述表面处理剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成：有机硅氧烷4‑10％、乙醇15‑20％、多元醇0.4‑2％、膨胀石墨0.5‑2.5％、稀土盐0.05‑0.08％、乙酰丙酮0.5‑1％和余量为去离子水。与现有技术相比，本发明提供的飞机铝合金表面处理方法提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性，而且，涂层与铝合金表面结合度高，不易开裂。高度交联的致密的涂层配合缓蚀作用，具有优异的防腐蚀效果。

Description

一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于航空材料处理领域，具体为一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法。
背景技术
铝合金密度低，但强度比较高，接近或超过优质钢，塑性好，可加工成各种型材，具有优良的导电性、导热性和抗蚀性，工业上广泛使用，使用量仅次于钢。
铝合金2000系列主要用于航空领域，航空用的铝合金和普通铝合金相比，对强度、硬度、韧性、抗疲劳性、塑性、抗腐蚀性、对涂料的粘结性等有较高的要求。为了使铝合金满足航空领域的要求，需要对铝合金进行表面处理，传统的方法主要有阳极氧化、化学氧化、着色、钝化、喷砂和电镀等。
新兴的溶胶-凝胶铝合金法成本低，稳定性好、耐腐蚀性高收到广泛关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，在铝合金表面形成致密的高度交联的稳定的涂层，能够有效防止飞机铝合金材料在恶劣环境下被腐蚀。而且，涂层干燥速度快，牢固度高，不易开裂。
本发明具体技术方案如下：
本发明提供的一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，具体为：
将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化后，即可。
所述固化是指在60-80℃条件下烘50-110min。
进一步的，喷涂表面处理剂的厚度为0.2-0.5μm。
所述表面处理剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
所述有机硅氧烷选自乙烯基甲氧基硅烷、丙烯基乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油丙基三乙氧基硅烷或3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅任意一种。
所述稀土盐选自铈盐或镧盐。
所述铈盐选自氯化铈、醋酸铈或硝酸铈。
所述镧盐选自氯化镧、醋酸镧或硝酸镧。
所述多元醇选自季戊四醇、乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇或甘油。
上述表面处理剂的制备方法为：
1)将配方量的有机硅氧烷、乙醇和去离子水混合，搅拌混合；
2)然后加入配方量的多元醇、膨胀石墨、稀土盐和乙酰丙酮，搅拌混合，即得表面处理剂。
步骤1)中所述搅拌是指在10-25℃条件下搅拌混合100-200min。
步骤2)中所述搅拌混合是指在10-25℃条件下搅拌混合50-80min。
本发明加入多元醇使溶胶-凝胶体系分散性好，更稳定，防止涂层开裂，而且，能够与铝合金表面更好的结合，提高结合的牢度性。加入膨胀石墨，粒径小，能否填平铝合金表面的缺陷，而且，膨胀石墨具有良好的润滑性能，在溶胶-凝胶体系中分散均匀，高度交联，使涂层致密性能高，耐腐蚀性好，还能提高涂层的导热导电性能，减少温度环境变化对涂层的影响。加入的乙酰丙酮有利于络合稀土离子，高度交联，提高稀土的分散度，还能促进涂层干燥。
在制备过程中，控制原料的加入顺序，先将有机硅氧烷加入到无水乙醇和去离子水中，控制水解速度，防止机硅氧烷过度水解凝胶团聚，有利于在铝合金表面Al-O-Si化学键形成及后续原料的分散，在铝合金表面形成致密高度交联的凝胶涂层。然后加入的多元醇含有多羟基，能够使涂层更好的粘附在铝合金表面，增加涂层的韧性，防止开裂。加入的稀土能够起到缓蚀作用。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的飞机铝合金表面处理方法提高铝合金的耐腐蚀性，而且，涂层与铝合金表面结合度高，不易开裂。高度交联的致密的涂层配合缓蚀作用，具有优异的防腐蚀效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
制备表面处理剂，其由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷5％
上述表面处理剂的制备方法为：
1)将配方量的有机硅氧烷、乙醇和去离子水混合，15℃条件下搅拌混合150min；
2)然后加入配方量的多元醇、膨胀石墨、稀土盐和乙酰丙酮，15℃条件下搅拌混合60min，即得表面处理剂。
一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，具体为：
将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化，60℃条件下烘100min，表面处理剂厚度0.3微米，即可。
实施例2
制备表面处理剂，其由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
上述表面处理剂的制备方法为：
1)将配方量的有机硅氧烷、乙醇和去离子水混合，15℃条件下搅拌混合200min；
2)然后加入配方量的多元醇、膨胀石墨、稀土盐和乙酰丙酮，15℃条件下搅拌混合80min，即得表面处理剂。
一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，具体为：
将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化，60℃条件下烘110min，表面处理剂厚度0.3微米，即可。
实施例3
制备表面处理剂，其由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
上述表面处理剂的制备方法为：
1)将配方量的有机硅氧烷、乙醇和去离子水混合，20℃条件下搅拌混合180min；
2)然后加入配方量的多元醇、膨胀石墨、稀土盐和乙酰丙酮，20℃条件下搅拌混合70min，即得表面处理剂。
一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，具体为：
将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化，60℃条件下烘110min，表面处理剂厚度0.3微米，即可。
对比例1
飞机铝合金材料不做任何处理。
对比例2
利用现有技术溶胶凝胶法对飞机铝合金材料进行表面处理。
上述实施例1-3和对比例1-2所述飞机铝合金材料是指2024飞机用铝合金。
根据标准ASTM B117条例对实施例1-3处理后的和对比例1的2024飞机用铝合金进行中性盐雾试验，实施例1-3处理后铝合金经过盐雾试验500h后，没有腐蚀斑点，耐腐蚀性能优异。对比例1腐蚀严重,表面100％都被腐蚀了。对比例2中95％表面被腐蚀。
固定处理后的飞机铝合金材料，用划格法检测涂层的附着力，实施例1-3附着力优于对比例2附着力2个等级。而且，实施例1-3处理后的涂层韧性好，不易开裂。

Claims (10)

1.一种飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述处理方法具体为：
将飞机铝合金材料经过脱脂、水洗、烘干后，喷涂表面处理剂，固化后，即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述固化是指在60-80℃条件下烘50-110min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，喷涂表面处理剂的厚度为0.2-0.5μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述表面处理剂由以下重量百分比的原料制成：
5.根据权利要求4所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述有机硅氧烷选自乙烯基甲氧基硅烷、丙烯基乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-缩水甘油丙基三乙氧基硅烷或3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅任意一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述稀土盐选自铈盐或镧盐。
7.根据权利要求6所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述铈盐选自氯化铈、醋酸铈或硝酸铈。
8.根据权利要求6所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述镧盐选自氯化镧、醋酸镧或硝酸镧。
9.根据权利要求4所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述多元醇选自季戊四醇、乙二醇、1，2-丙二醇或甘油。
10.根据权利要求4所述的飞机铝合金材料表面处理方法，其特征在于，所述表面处理剂的制备方法为：
1)将配方量的有机硅氧烷、乙醇和去离子水混合，搅拌混合；
2)然后加入配方量的多元醇、膨胀石墨、稀土盐和乙酰丙酮，搅拌混合，即得表面处理剂。
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