CN108947464B - Ground surface layer based on phosphorus-magnesium material and construction process thereof - Google Patents
Ground surface layer based on phosphorus-magnesium material and construction process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108947464B CN108947464B CN201810797253.4A CN201810797253A CN108947464B CN 108947464 B CN108947464 B CN 108947464B CN 201810797253 A CN201810797253 A CN 201810797253A CN 108947464 B CN108947464 B CN 108947464B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/34—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/12—Flooring or floor layers made of masses in situ, e.g. seamless magnesite floors, terrazzo gypsum floors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/60—Flooring materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of terraces, in particular to a ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material and a construction process thereof. According to the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material, the magnesium phosphate cement, the additive, the admixture, the pigment and the aggregate are mixed according to a specific proportion to form the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material, and the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material has high-strength wear-resistant bonding performance, can be constructed at any time and cannot form construction joints; the content of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) is zero, and the fireproof performance is strong; early strength, short setting time, short maintenance time, high mechanical strength, difficult cracking, strong fracture resistance, wear resistance, short construction period and timely application. The invention adopts the laser spreading machine spreading process, uses the precise laser spreading machine to spread the leveled ground, improves the ground flatness and levelness by more than 3 times, improves the compactness and the strength by more than 20 percent, simultaneously can improve the working efficiency, saves the labor and ensures that the whole paved matrix is homogeneous and compact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terraces, in particular to a ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material and a construction process thereof.
Background
At present, there are roughly following three kinds at domestic garage or parking area, storehouse, underground market, workshop, factory etc. to the terrace that indoor ground intensity has higher requirement: the majority of the concrete ground is paved along with the striking; secondly, some wear-resistant concrete floors are made by adding hardening materials on the surface of concrete and mechanically finishing; and thirdly, epoxy or polyurethane self-leveling wear-resistant ground is also made on the concrete base layer.
Among the three ground surfaces, the first one is the traditional method, cracks, peeling and sanding appear, some cracks are even serious, the cracks are still difficult to eliminate after being repaired for many times after being used, and the cracks are uneven in surface and different in color depth due to frequent repair, are not attractive, influence the use and have long construction period. The second and third ground surfaces are new practice in recent years, the phenomena of peeling and sanding are improved, the surface is smooth and clean, the flatness and the wear resistance are also improved, but the crack phenomenon cannot be eliminated. The surface of the epoxy or polyurethane self-leveling wear-resistant ground is smooth and wear-resistant, but the flatness of the epoxy or polyurethane self-leveling wear-resistant ground completely depends on the flatness of a concrete base layer, the air permeability is poor, the requirement on the water content of the base layer is high, the phenomena of hollowing and peeling are easy to occur if the control is not good, the early strength is low, the initial setting time is long, the construction procedure is complex, scratches are easy to occur on the surface, and the anti-skid performance and the wear-resistant performance cannot meet the engineering design requirements.
Therefore, it is urgent to find a ground surface layer which has high mechanical strength, is not easy to crack, has strong fracture resistance, is wear-resistant, is easy to construct and has a short construction period.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material and a construction process thereof.
The ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material comprises a phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and a phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, wherein the phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and the phosphorus-magnesium surface layer are composed of the following components in parts by mass:
preferably, the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in percentage by weight: (1-4.5) 1. mixing to obtain a mixture. Further preferably, the dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 88-95%, and the fineness is 80-400 meshes; the monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content is not less than 58%, and the fineness is 60-400 meshes. At the moment, the magnesium phosphate cement has higher purity, more moderate fineness and better cohesiveness, and the obtained product has better hardness and wear resistance.
Preferably, the additives are a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent, wherein the retarder is borax or boric acid. Further preferably, the borax or the boric acid is in industrial grade, the purity is not lower than 95% in mass percent, and the fineness is 60-400 meshes. At the moment, the purity of the borax or the boric acid is higher, and the fineness is moderate.
Preferably, the defoaming agent is an organic silicon powder defoaming agent, the surface tension of the organic silicon powder defoaming agent is small, the surface activity is high, the defoaming force is strong, the using amount is small, the cost is low, and the organic silicon powder defoaming agent is immiscible with water and most organic matters and can defoam most bubble media. It has better thermal stability and can be used in a wide temperature range of 5-150 ℃; the chemical stability is good, the reaction with other substances is difficult, and the product can be used in acid, alkali and salt solutions as long as the preparation is proper, so that the product quality is not damaged; it also has physiological inertia LD250g/Kg rat, commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries. It has the functions of inhibiting and breaking foam for all bubble systems, and belongs to the category of broad-spectrum defoaming agents.
Preferably, the admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin ═ 2-4: 1. further preferably, the grade of the fly ash is not lower than that of the secondary fly ash, and the fineness is 200-1600 meshes; the metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 800-1600 meshes at the temperature of more than 800 ℃. At the moment, the purity of the fly ash and the metakaolin are both high, and the fineness is moderate. The fly ash has a microbead effect and can improve the working performance of the phosphorus-magnesium material, and the metakaolin contains a high-activity aluminum component and has a good effect of improving the strength of a mixture by participating in a reaction.
Preferably, the pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the inorganic pigment is 100-400 meshes. The fineness is moderate, and the activity of the metal oxide contained in the inorganic pigment is lower than that of magnesium oxide, so that the inorganic pigment further serves as aggregate with crystal structures of hydrated magnesium phosphate and hydrated magnesium ammonium phosphate, and the stability of the material is improved.
Preferably, the aggregate is fine machine-made sand. Further preferably, the grain size of the fine machine-made sand is 0-2.36 mm. The fine machine-made sand stone is characterized in that the sand stone is subjected to screening, shaping, dust removal and other processes in the processing process, so that the gradation of the sand stone meets the quality standard, the sand stone aggregate is in a cubic polygon shape, the void ratio can be effectively reduced, the bulk density and the compressive strength are increased, the using amount of magnesium phosphate cement can be greatly reduced, and the powder content in the sand stone can be effectively controlled.
The construction process of the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material comprises the following steps:
(1) base layer treatment: treating the base layer, adjusting the compressive strength of the base layer to be more than 20MPa, and the surface pulling strength of the base layer to be not less than 1.5MPa, so that the surface of the base layer has no laitance and serious sanding;
(2) construction of a leveling layer: constructing a leveling layer on the base layer by using the phosphorus-magnesium material;
(3) surface layer construction: and constructing a surface layer on the base layer by using the phosphorus-magnesium material.
And the base layer is processed by polishing the base layer until the strength of the base layer reaches the standard, and then the polished cement paste dust and waste are cleaned up. If the original base concrete ground strength is too low, and the surface has floating slurry or has serious sanding, the original base concrete ground must be sanded until a solid surface is exposed, and the part which cannot be sanded by the sander can be sanded by a steel brush; and cleaning the ground cement paste dust and waste, and then, sucking dust by using a dust collector to clean the surface of the cement paste dust and waste.
Preferably, the thickness of the leveling layer is 20-30 mm. At the moment, the leveling layer has better compressive strength, the drying speed is also higher, the construction period can be shortened, the excessive thickness is avoided, the waste of raw materials is avoided, and the cost is increased.
Preferably, the deviation of the flatness of the leveling layer is not more than 2 mm. The flatness is good, follow-up construction cannot be influenced, and the requirement of most environments on the flatness of the ground can be met.
Preferably, the thickness of the surface layer is 4-10 mm. The surface layer has better strength and compactness, the drying speed is higher, the construction period can be shortened, the surface layer is not too thick, the waste of raw materials is avoided, and the cost is increased.
Preferably, the steps (2) and (3) are paved by a laser paver. The ground leveled by using the precise laser paver is much better than the ground leveled by a conventional method, the ground flatness and levelness can be improved by more than 3 times, the compactness and the strength can be improved by more than 20%, the work efficiency can be improved by more than 50%, and the manpower can be saved by about 35%.
The construction process of the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material comprises the following specific construction steps:
(1) base layer treatment:
removing accumulated water by adopting partition treatment, checking the leakage condition of a bottom plate, finding out a structural gap, marking by using ink lines, chiseling the leakage part into a V shape, wherein the chiseling depth is 5cm, plugging tightly by using a plugging material (plugging agent), checking after drying, and if no leakage exists, tightly capping by using a phosphorus-magnesium material, wherein the surface of fine stone concrete does not exceed the surface of the structural plate by 2 cm; after the bottom plate is completely plugged, polishing and cleaning the surface layer of the bottom plate (ensuring that the surface layer has no laitance and no garbage) until the structural concrete is completely exposed and the part which can not be polished by the polisher can be polished by using a steel brush; and cleaning the ground cement paste dust and waste, and then, sucking dust by using a dust collector.
The base layer is clean, solid, flat and capable of bearing load without loose objects; the compressive strength of the base layer is more than 20MPa, and the surface pull strength of the base layer is not less than 1.5 MPa; if the original base concrete floor has too low strength, floating slurry on the surface or serious sand, polishing is needed until a solid surface is exposed.
(2) Construction of a leveling layer:
generally, the flatness deviation of a concrete base layer is large, and leveling must be performed firstly, and then surface layer construction is performed; the leveling layer (as shown in 21 in figure 1) is made of phosphorus-magnesium-based materials, wherein the specific gravity of the fine aggregate quartz sand is higher, so that the construction cost is greatly reduced on the premise of not influencing the setting time and the early strength; the thickness of the leveling layer is 20-30mm, the deviation allowed by the flatness of the leveling layer is 2mm, and the compressive strength is more than 20 MPa; and the leveling layer is paved and leveled in the whole operation area by using a laser paver.
1. Preparing materials:
mixing the phosphorus-magnesium material and water according to the proportion of 1:0.08-0.15, and uniformly stirring; when the area is small, a small electric stirrer is used for stirring in the bucket, and one whole bag is used up each time the stirring is carried out; when the large-area construction is carried out in blocks, a special stirrer is used for stirring, and a mortar pumping method is used for construction; the mixed slurry should be used up in 10 minutes, and the slurry is supplied in time.
2. Horizontal control:
the method comprises the steps that a ground storehouse leveling layer is provided with drainage and slope finding in the directions of a water collecting well, a ditch and the like according to design requirements, in order to achieve the design effect, the design elevation is calculated from the lowest point according to a drawing before construction, ash cakes are beaten on a bottom plate at intervals of 1500mm vertically and horizontally according to the drawing position on site, the calculated elevation is beaten on a column by a level gauge, and finally, a hemp is pulled or a laser level gauge is used for rechecking.
3. Pouring:
the leveling layer is poured in the whole area; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material, preparing phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer in advance, and detecting the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; the stirring volume of the stirring and conveying integrated machine is about 1 cubic meter, the dosage of each component of the phosphorus-magnesium material is calculated, the phosphorus-magnesium material is added into the stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, the mixture is uniformly stirred for about 5 minutes, the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar is transferred into a conveying hopper, and the phosphorus-magnesium material in the next hopper is stirred; pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar by the conveying hopper from the lowest part of the floor, pouring according to the distance between the columns as the width, paying attention to the marking line on the columns at the moment of pouring, and just enabling the mortar to dip the marking line during pouring; the stirred slurry should be used up in 10 minutes and the slurry supply should be continuous and timely.
4. Paving:
after the width of about 5m is poured, arranging a laser receiver of the laser paver to correspond to the height mark line on the column; and starting to pave and level the leveling layer, and controlling the paving speed of the laser paver according to the pouring speed to keep the unpaved amount to be about 1 cubic meter.
(3) Surface layer construction
After the construction of the leveling layer reaches the compressive strength of more than 2.5MPa, paying off the leveling layer according to a design drawing; the thickness of the surface layer (22 in figure 1) is 4-10mm, the working area allows slight ventilation, and the leveling layer must be clean before pouring; the surface layer is constructed by blocks.
1. Setting a partitioning seam:
when the construction area is large, the surface layer can be constructed in blocks. Setting the block gaps according to the designed column net (namely, arranging along the longitudinal and transverse axis directions) (as shown in figure 3), and setting foam adhesive stickers around the block gaps; and after the construction of the block is finished, performing the construction of the next block.
2. Horizontal control:
and arranging drainage and slope finding on the surface layer of the ground reservoir in the directions of a water collecting well, a ditch and the like according to design requirements, calculating a design elevation from the lowest point according to a drawing before construction at intervals of 9m, beating ash cakes on a bottom plate at the longitudinal and transverse intervals of 1500mm according to the drawing position on site, beating the calculated elevation on a column by using a level gauge, and finally carrying out rechecking by using a hemp pulling line or a laser level gauge.
3. Constructing the surface decoration and the marking part in blocks (as shown in figure 4):
if the surface decoration and the marking are required to be made, the surface decoration and the marking part can be constructed in the process of block construction, before pouring, foam adhesive stickers are required to be arranged on the periphery of the surface decoration and the area marking part, a phosphorus-magnesium material is prepared, phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer is prepared in advance, and the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar are detected until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; calculating the usage amount of the phosphorus-magnesium material according to the areas of the surface decoration and the marking part in the blocks; adding the mixture into a stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, uniformly stirring for about 5 minutes, transferring the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar into a conveying hopper, pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar from the lowest part of the surface decoration and the marking part of the block, paying attention to a marking line on a column at the moment of pouring, and just soaking the mortar in the marking line; because the pouring amount is less, the laser paver is used for paving, leveling and compacting after pouring.
4. And (3) construction of common parts in blocks:
before pouring, removing the surface decoration and the foam adhesive sticker around the area marking part, preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material, pre-preparing phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer, and detecting the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; calculating the usage amount of the phosphorus-magnesium material according to the areas of the surface decoration and the marking part in the blocks; adding the mixture into a stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, uniformly stirring for about 5 minutes, transferring the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar into a conveying hopper, pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar from the lowest part of the partitioned common part by the conveying hopper, paying attention to a marking line on a column at the moment of pouring, and just soaking the mortar in the marking line during pouring; because the pouring amount is less, the laser paver is used for paving, compacting and leveling after pouring.
5. And after the construction of each block is finished, the construction of the next block is carried out, and the whole area is constructed in sequence.
6. And (5) maintenance:
after the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar is initially set, covering the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar with a plastic preservative film, and sealing and maintaining for 1-2 h.
7. Polishing and grinding:
and (5) polishing and grinding after the sealing maintenance is carried out for 1-2h and the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches more than 20MPa, and sucking ground residue and dust by using a dust collector.
In the construction of the leveling layer in the step (2), the initial fluidity of the leveling layer is 130 +/-3 mm, and the setting time is 20-60 min; the leveling layer and the surface layer are made of the same phosphorus-magnesium material, the surface layer phosphorus-magnesium material can be poured before the leveling layer is condensed and dried, the bonding property of the surface layer leveling layer and the base layer can be greatly improved, the surface layer and the leveling layer of the conventional ground are required to be subjected to interface treatment, otherwise, the bonding strength between the layers is insufficient, a construction cold joint or a horizontal construction joint exists, and the service life of the ground can be greatly shortened; the proportion of the fine aggregate quartz sand in the phosphorus-magnesium-based material of the leveling layer is higher, so that the construction cost is greatly reduced on the premise of not influencing the setting time and the early strength; the laser receiver on the laser paver controls the leveling head in real time, thereby realizing high-precision and rapid leveling of the leveling layer, the quality of the ground paved by a conventional method is much better by using the precise laser paver, the ground flatness and levelness are improved by more than 3 times, the compactness and strength are improved by more than 20%, meanwhile, the work efficiency can be improved by more than 50%, and about 35% of labor is saved, the laser system is provided with various automatic control elements, the elevation of the leveling head is monitored in real time at the frequency of 10 times per second, the paved ground flatness and levelness are effectively controlled, and simultaneously, the vibration frequency of the powerful vibrator reaches 4000 times per minute, so that the whole paved leveling layer matrix is homogeneous and compact.
And (3) in the surface layer construction in the step (3), adding water according to the specified water consumption, and uniformly stirring to ensure that the initial fluidity of the phosphorus-magnesium material surface layer mortar is 130 +/-3 mm, and the setting time is 20-60 min. On the basis of meeting the fluidity, the water consumption is required to be reduced as much as possible, the higher the fluidity of the self-leveling mortar is, the higher the segregation and sedimentation degree is, and the lower the surface strength is; the smaller the fluidity, the higher the viscosity, the poorer the workability, and the bubbles on the surface were difficult to be eliminated. Firstly, batching materials according to the colors of the surface decoration and the marking area for construction, dividing the whole operation surface into blocks after the construction is finished, and constructing each block; the construction saves templates for block construction on one hand, simplifies construction procedures on the other hand, improves construction efficiency, saves construction period, and on the other hand, the surface decoration and the scribing part are not easy to be ground off, and the surface decoration and the scribing are not needed to be carried out after the surface layer reaches certain strength; the construction of the surface layer is carried out, and the paving process of the surface layer is realized by adopting a laser paver, so that the whole surface layer is smooth, and the matrix is homogeneous and compact. Interface treatment is carried out between a leveling layer and a surface layer of the conventional terrace, the surface layer construction can be carried out after the interface agent is dried for 24 hours, otherwise, the interlayer bonding strength is weakened, cold joints or horizontal construction joints exist, and the service life of the ground is greatly shortened; the leveling layer is based on the phosphorus-magnesium material, is the same as the surface layer and the same material, has strong bonding strength between layers without interface treatment, can form oxide films on the surfaces of contacts and the surfaces of the contacts, has good associativity, can be constructed at any time, and cannot form construction joints.
In the maintenance in the step (3) which is divided into the step 6, the preservative film can reduce the evaporation of water in the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar, improve the hydration degree of the surface layer, improve the compactness of the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar and further effectively improve the wear resistance. And the heat release rate of the gelled system mainly made of the phosphorus-magnesium material is high, and the heat release time is mainly concentrated in the first 1 h. The covering plastic film can reduce the heat loss and promote the hydration of the phosphorus-magnesium material.
According to the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material, the magnesium phosphate cement, the additive, the admixture, the pigment and the aggregate are mixed according to a specific proportion to form the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material, and the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material has high-strength wear-resistant bonding performance, can be constructed at any time and cannot form construction joints; the phosphorus-magnesium material-based floor surface layer has zero content of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and strong fire resistance; the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material has the advantages of early strength, short setting time, short maintenance time, high mechanical strength, difficult cracking, strong fracture resistance, wear resistance, short construction period and timely application. The invention adopts the laser paver paving process, uses the precise laser paver to pave the leveled ground, has much better quality than the ground paved by the conventional method, can improve the ground flatness and levelness by more than 3 times, can improve the compactness and the strength by more than 20 percent, can improve the work efficiency by more than 50 percent, saves the labor by 35 percent, is provided with various automatic control elements in a laser system, monitors the elevation of the leveling head in real time at the frequency of 10 times per second, ensures that the paved ground flatness and levelness are effectively controlled, and simultaneously has the vibration frequency of a powerful vibrator of 4000 times/minute, so that the whole paved matrix is homogeneous and compact.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
1. the phosphorus-magnesium material prepared by the invention selects high-density magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate as base materials, the reaction rate of the monoammonium phosphate and the magnesium oxide is faster than that of the same type of monopotassium phosphate and monosodium phosphate, the strength of the preparation by adopting the monoammonium phosphate is higher, and the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the monoammonium phosphate is (1-4.5):1, excessive magnesium oxide ensures that phosphate components completely react, and the unreacted magnesium oxide particles have high strength and are used as aggregates to generate a micro-aggregate effect, so that the strength of the phosphorus-magnesium material is further improved, and the effect of the fineness of the magnesium oxide particles is optimal between 80 and 400 meshes. The defoaming agent is adopted to remove bubbles generated in the mixing process of the phosphorus-magnesium material, so that the compactness and the strength are improved. The water reducing agent is adopted, so that the fluidity of the phosphorus-magnesium material is improved, the water consumption is reduced, the workability of the phosphorus-magnesium material is improved, and the high strength is ensured. The retarder adopts borax or boric acid with the best retarding effect, and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium material is adjusted by adjusting the mixing amount, so that the retarder has the best effect within the recommended use range and has little negative influence on the strength. The admixture with reactivity, the fly ash and the metakaolin are adopted, the fly ash is spherical, microscopic gaps are filled, the workability of the phosphorus-magnesium material is improved, the compactness between the phosphorus-magnesium material and the matrix concrete is improved, the interface bonding is tighter, and the effect that the fineness of the fly ash is within the range of 200-1600 meshes is the best; and the active aluminum components in the fly ash and the metakaolin react with phosphate and magnesium oxide in the phosphorus-magnesium material, so that the high-temperature resistance of the phosphorus-magnesium material is improved, particularly, the metakaolin contains more active aluminum components, the fineness of the metakaolin is 800-1600 meshes, the activity is high, and the adverse effect of the excessively high fineness on the workability is avoided. The fine sand after screening and shaping is adopted, so that the edges and corners of sand particles are reduced, the prepared phosphorus-magnesium material has good workability, and the construction performance of the phosphorus-magnesium material is further improved.
2. The phosphorus-magnesium material surface layer has high-strength wear-resistant adhesive property, can be constructed at any time, and cannot form construction joints.
3. The phosphorus-magnesium material-based floor surface layer has zero content of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), completely meets the safety technical standard of indoor interior wall coatings, is an inorganic gelled material and has strong fire resistance.
4. The ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material has the advantages of early strength, short setting time, short maintenance time, high mechanical strength, difficult cracking, strong fracture resistance, wear resistance, short construction period and timely application.
5. The invention adopts the laser paver paving process, uses the precise laser paver to pave the leveled ground, has much better quality than the ground paved by the conventional method, namely the ground flatness and levelness are improved by more than 3 times, the compactness and the strength are improved by more than 20 percent, simultaneously, the work efficiency can be improved by more than 50 percent, and the labor is saved by about 35 percent, the laser system is provided with a plurality of automatic control elements, the elevation of the leveling head is monitored in real time at the frequency of 10 times per second, the paved ground flatness and levelness are effectively controlled, and simultaneously, the vibration frequency of the powerful vibrator reaches 4000 times/minute, so that the whole paved matrix is homogeneous and compact.
6. The leveling course can be paved after 1h, and can be put into use after 2h, so that the construction period is greatly shortened.
7. The construction process saves templates for block construction on one hand, simplifies construction procedures on the other hand, improves construction efficiency, saves construction period on the other hand, and does not need to finish and line after the surface layer reaches certain strength because the finish and the line position are not easy to be ground off on the other hand.
The ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material can be applied to indoor areas such as domestic garages or parking lots, storehouses, underground markets, workshops and factories with functional terrace areas with higher requirements on physical and mechanical properties, chemical properties, attractiveness and economy for terraces, and is suitable for inclined planes and vertical planes with higher requirements on corrosion resistance, moisture resistance, wear resistance, physical and mechanical strength and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of specific construction steps.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the block seam for surface construction.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the face and scribe line in the block.
In the figure: 1-a concrete base layer; 2-a layer of phosphorus-magnesium material; 21-a leveling layer; 22-finish.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below with reference to the specific embodiments, but the scope of the claims is not limited to the description.
Mixed phosphorus-magnesium material A:
the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: 2: 1. The dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 91.5%, and the fineness is 240 meshes. The monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content of the monoammonium phosphate is 60 percent, and the fineness of the monoammonium phosphate is 230 meshes.
The additive comprises a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent. The retarder is industrial grade borax, the purity is 96%, and the fineness is 230 meshes. The defoaming agent is a silicone powder defoaming agent. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin ═ 3: 1. the fly ash meets the standard of secondary fly ash, and the fineness of the fly ash is 900 meshes. The metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 1200 meshes at the temperature of more than 800 ℃.
The pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the pigment is 250 meshes.
The aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0-2.36 mm.
Mixed phosphorus-magnesium material B:
120kg of magnesium phosphate cement
Additive 2kg
Aggregate 300kg
The magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: 2: 1. The dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 91.5%, and the fineness is 240 meshes. The monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content of the monoammonium phosphate is 60 percent, and the fineness of the monoammonium phosphate is 230 meshes.
The additive comprises a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent. The retarder is industrial grade borax, the purity is 96%, and the fineness is 230 meshes. The defoaming agent is a silicone powder defoaming agent. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin ═ 3: 1. the fly ash meets the standard of secondary fly ash, and the fineness of the fly ash is 900 meshes. The metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 1200 meshes at the temperature of more than 800 ℃.
The pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the pigment is 250 meshes.
The aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0-2.36 mm.
Mixed phosphorus-magnesium material C:
the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: 2: 1. The dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 91.5%, and the fineness is 240 meshes. The monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content of the monoammonium phosphate is 60 percent, and the fineness of the monoammonium phosphate is 230 meshes.
The additive comprises a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent. The retarder is industrial boric acid, the purity of the retarder is 96%, and the fineness of the retarder is 230 meshes. The defoaming agent is a silicone powder defoaming agent. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin ═ 3: 1. the fly ash meets the standard of secondary fly ash, and the fineness of the fly ash is 900 meshes. The metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 1200 meshes at the temperature of more than 800 ℃.
The pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the pigment is 250 meshes.
The aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0-2.36 mm.
Mixed phosphorus-magnesium material D:
the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: 1:1 mixing to obtain the mixture. The dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 88 percent, and the fineness is 80 meshes. The monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content of the monoammonium phosphate is 58%, and the fineness of the monoammonium phosphate is 60 meshes.
The additive comprises a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent. The retarder is industrial grade borax with the purity of 95% and the fineness of 60 meshes. The defoaming agent is a silicone powder defoaming agent. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin 2: 1. the fly ash meets the standard of secondary fly ash, and the fineness of the fly ash is 200 meshes. The metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 800 meshes at the temperature of over 800 ℃.
The pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the pigment is 100 meshes.
The aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0-2.36 mm.
Mixed phosphorus-magnesium material E:
the magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: 4.5: 1. The dead burned magnesia is magnesite calcined at the temperature of more than 1600 ℃, the magnesia content is 95 percent, and the fineness is 400 meshes. The monoammonium phosphate is industrial grade monoammonium phosphate, the nutrient content of the monoammonium phosphate is 65%, and the fineness of the monoammonium phosphate is 400 meshes.
The additive comprises a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent. The retarder is industrial grade borax, the purity is 97%, and the fineness is 400 meshes. The defoaming agent is a silicone powder defoaming agent. The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin 4: 1. the fly ash meets the standard of secondary fly ash, and the fineness of the fly ash is 1600 meshes. The metakaolin is calcined kaolin with the fineness of 1600 meshes at the temperature of more than 800 ℃.
The pigment is an inorganic pigment, and the fineness of the pigment is 400 meshes.
The aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone, and the particle size of the aggregate is 0-2.36 mm.
Example 1
A ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, and is constructed by the following method:
(1) base layer treatment:
removing accumulated water by adopting partition treatment, checking the leakage condition of a bottom plate, finding out a structural gap, marking by using ink lines, chiseling the leakage part into a V shape, wherein the chiseling depth is 5cm, plugging tightly by using a plugging material (plugging agent), checking after drying, and if no leakage exists, tightly capping by using a phosphorus-magnesium material, wherein the surface of fine stone concrete does not exceed the surface of the structural plate by 2 cm; after the bottom plate is completely plugged, polishing and cleaning the surface layer of the bottom plate (ensuring that the surface layer has no laitance and no garbage) until the structural concrete is completely exposed and the part which can not be polished by the polisher can be polished by using a steel brush; and cleaning the ground cement paste dust and waste, and then, sucking dust by using a dust collector.
The base layer is clean, solid, flat and capable of bearing load without loose objects; the compressive strength of the base layer is more than 20MPa, and the surface pull strength of the base layer is not less than 1.5 MPa; if the original base concrete floor has too low strength, floating slurry on the surface or serious sand, polishing is needed until a solid surface is exposed.
(2) Construction of a leveling layer:
generally, the flatness deviation of a concrete base layer is large, and leveling must be performed firstly, and then surface layer construction is performed; the leveling layer is based on a phosphorus-magnesium material, wherein the fine aggregate quartz sand has a high specific gravity, so that the construction cost is greatly reduced on the premise of not influencing the setting time and the early strength; the thickness of the leveling layer is 20-30mm, the deviation allowed by the flatness of the leveling layer is 2mm, and the compressive strength is more than 20 MPa; and the leveling layer is paved and leveled in the whole operation area by using a laser paver.
2. Preparing materials:
mixing the phosphorus-magnesium material and water according to the proportion of 1:0.11, and uniformly stirring; when the area is small, a small electric stirrer is used for stirring in the bucket, and one whole bag is used up each time the stirring is carried out; when the large-area construction is carried out in blocks, a special stirrer is used for stirring, and a mortar pumping method is used for construction; the mixed slurry should be used up in 10 minutes, and the slurry is supplied in time.
2. Horizontal control:
the method comprises the steps that a ground storehouse leveling layer is provided with drainage and slope finding in the directions of a water collecting well, a ditch and the like according to design requirements, in order to achieve the design effect, the design elevation is calculated from the lowest point according to a drawing before construction, ash cakes are beaten on a bottom plate at intervals of 1500mm vertically and horizontally according to the drawing position on site, the calculated elevation is beaten on a column by a level gauge, and finally, a hemp is pulled or a laser level gauge is used for rechecking.
3. Pouring:
the leveling layer is poured in the whole area; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material, preparing phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer in advance, and detecting the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; the stirring volume of the stirring and conveying integrated machine is about 1 cubic meter, the dosage of each component of the phosphorus-magnesium material is calculated, the phosphorus-magnesium material is added into the stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, the mixture is uniformly stirred for about 5 minutes, the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar is transferred into a conveying hopper, and the phosphorus-magnesium material in the next hopper is stirred; pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar by the conveying hopper from the lowest part of the floor, pouring according to the distance between the columns as the width, paying attention to the marking line on the columns at the moment of pouring, and just enabling the mortar to dip the marking line during pouring; the stirred slurry should be used up in 10 minutes and the slurry supply should be continuous and timely.
4. Paving:
after the width of about 5m is poured, arranging a laser receiver of the laser paver to correspond to the height mark line on the column; and starting to pave and level the leveling layer, and controlling the paving speed of the laser paver according to the pouring speed to keep the unpaved amount to be about 1 cubic meter.
(3) Surface layer construction
After the construction of the leveling layer reaches the compressive strength of more than 2.5MPa, paying off the leveling layer according to a design drawing; the thickness of the surface layer is 7mm, the working area allows slight ventilation, and the leveling layer must be clean before pouring; the surface layer is constructed by blocks.
1. Setting a partitioning seam:
when the construction area is large, the surface layer can be constructed in blocks. Setting the blocking gaps according to the designed column net (namely, arranging the blocking gaps along the longitudinal and transverse axis directions), and setting foam adhesive paper on the periphery of the blocking gaps; and after the construction of the block is finished, performing the construction of the next block.
2. Horizontal control:
and arranging drainage and slope finding on the surface layer of the ground reservoir in the directions of a water collecting well, a ditch and the like according to design requirements, calculating a design elevation from the lowest point according to a drawing before construction at intervals of 9m, beating ash cakes on a bottom plate at the longitudinal and transverse intervals of 1500mm according to the drawing position on site, beating the calculated elevation on a column by using a level gauge, and finally carrying out rechecking by using a hemp pulling line or a laser level gauge.
3. Constructing the surface decoration and the scribing part in the blocks:
if the surface decoration and the marking are required to be made, the surface decoration and the marking part can be constructed in the process of block construction, before pouring, foam adhesive stickers are required to be arranged on the periphery of the surface decoration and the area marking part, a phosphorus-magnesium material is prepared, phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer is prepared in advance, and the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar are detected until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; calculating the usage amount of the phosphorus-magnesium material according to the areas of the surface decoration and the marking part in the blocks; adding the mixture into a stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, uniformly stirring for about 5 minutes, transferring the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar into a conveying hopper, pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar from the lowest part of the surface decoration and the marking part of the block, paying attention to a marking line on a column at the moment of pouring, and just soaking the mortar in the marking line; because the pouring amount is less, the laser paver is used for paving, leveling and compacting after pouring.
4. And (3) construction of common parts in blocks:
before pouring, removing the surface decoration and the foam adhesive sticker around the area marking part, preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material, pre-preparing phosphorus-magnesium mortar required by a leveling layer, and detecting the fluidity and the setting time of the phosphorus-magnesium mortar until the requirements are met; preparing a phosphorus-magnesium material according to a required proportion; calculating the usage amount of the phosphorus-magnesium material according to the areas of the surface decoration and the marking part in the blocks; adding the mixture into a stirring and conveying integrated machine within 2 minutes, uniformly stirring for about 5 minutes, transferring the stirred phosphorus-magnesium mortar into a conveying hopper, pouring phosphorus-magnesium material mortar from the lowest part of the partitioned common part by the conveying hopper, paying attention to a marking line on a column at the moment of pouring, and just soaking the mortar in the marking line during pouring; because the pouring amount is less, the laser paver is used for paving, compacting and leveling after pouring.
5. And after the construction of each block is finished, the construction of the next block is carried out, and the whole area is constructed in sequence.
6. And (5) maintenance:
after the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar is initially set, the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar is covered by a plastic preservative film, and the sealing and maintenance are carried out for 1.5 h.
7. Polishing and grinding:
and (5) after sealing and maintaining for 1.5h, polishing and grinding the surface layer until the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches more than 20MPa, and sucking the ground residue and dust by using a dust collector.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material A.
Example 2
A ground surface layer based on phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, and comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, wherein in the construction process, the phosphorus-magnesium material and water are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 0.08; after the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar is initially set, covering the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar with a plastic preservative film, and sealing and maintaining for 1 h; and (3) polishing and grinding after the sealing and maintenance are carried out for 1h until the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches more than 20MPa, sucking the ground residue and dust by using a dust collector, and the other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material A.
Example 3
A ground surface layer based on phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, and comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, wherein in the construction process, the phosphorus-magnesium material and water are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 0.15; after the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar is initially set, covering the surface of the phosphorus-magnesium material mortar with a plastic preservative film, and sealing and maintaining for 2 hours; and after sealing and maintaining for 2 hours, polishing and grinding the surface layer until the compressive strength of the surface layer reaches more than 20MPa, and sucking away the ground residue and dust by using a dust collector in the same way as in the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material A.
Example 4
A floor surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, and the construction process is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material B.
Example 5
A floor surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, and the construction process is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material C.
Example 6
A floor surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, and the construction process is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material D.
Example 7
A floor surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material has a 2-layer structure, comprises 1 phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and 1 phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, and the construction process is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
The phosphorus-magnesium material is a mixed phosphorus-magnesium material E.
Examples 1-7 were compared with plain concrete floors, wear-resistant concrete floors, concrete floors and polyurethane terraces:
compared with the prior art, the ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material does not form construction joints, and can be put into use after being maintained for 1-2 hours after construction is completed, so that the construction period is greatly shortened.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ground surface layer based on the phosphorus-magnesium material is characterized by comprising a phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and a phosphorus-magnesium surface layer, wherein the phosphorus-magnesium leveling layer and the phosphorus-magnesium surface layer are composed of the following components in parts by mass:
80-120 parts of magnesium phosphate cement
2-15 parts of additive
10-20 parts of admixture
0 to 5 portions of pigment
40-300 parts of aggregate
The magnesium phosphate cement is prepared by mixing dead-burned magnesium oxide and monoammonium phosphate according to the weight ratio: (1-4.5) mixing the components 1 to obtain a mixture;
the additive is a retarder, a defoaming agent and a water reducing agent;
the admixture is a mixture of fly ash and metakaolin, wherein the ratio of fly ash: metakaolin = (2-4): 1;
the aggregate is fine machine-made sand stone.
2. The phosphorus-magnesium material-based floor covering according to claim 1, wherein the defoaming agent is a silicone-based powder defoaming agent.
3. The phosphorus-magnesium material-based floor covering according to claim 1, wherein the pigment is an inorganic pigment and has a fineness of 100-400 mesh.
4. The process for constructing a ground surface layer based on a phosphorus-magnesium material, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) base layer treatment: treating the base layer, adjusting the compressive strength of the base layer to be more than 20MPa, and the surface pulling strength of the base layer to be not less than 1.5MPa, so that the surface of the base layer has no laitance and serious sanding;
(2) construction of a leveling layer: constructing a leveling layer on the base layer by using the phosphorus-magnesium material;
(3) surface layer construction: and constructing a surface layer on the base layer by using the phosphorus-magnesium material.
5. The process of claim 4, wherein the base layer is processed by polishing the base layer until the strength of the base layer reaches the standard, and then cleaning the polished cement slurry dust and waste.
6. The construction process of the phosphorus-magnesium material based ground surface layer according to claim 4, wherein the steps (2) and (3) are both paved by a laser paver.
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| CN110130615B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2020-10-16 | 贵州磷镁材料有限公司 | Indoor composite floor based on phosphorus-magnesium material and self-leveling gypsum and construction method thereof |
| CN111015380B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2021-10-15 | 河南神州精工制造股份有限公司 | High-forming-precision rocket thruster end socket grinding method |
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| WO1999008976A1 (en) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-02-25 | The Quikrete Companies | Method and apparatus for providing concrete products having improved surface and structural characteristics |
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