CN108935333B - Method for preventing and controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms by releasing mixed trichogramma seeds - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms by releasing mixed trichogramma seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN108935333B CN108935333B CN201810637443.XA CN201810637443A CN108935333B CN 108935333 B CN108935333 B CN 108935333B CN 201810637443 A CN201810637443 A CN 201810637443A CN 108935333 B CN108935333 B CN 108935333B
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms by releasing mixed trichogramma seeds, which comprises the steps of ⑴ manufacturing a mixed long-acting bee card stage, ⑴ manufacturing a protective bee card, wherein the protective bee card is manufactured by kraft paper with one rough surface and one smooth surface, each protective bee card comprises 10-100 single bee cards, ⑵ breeding yellow borer trichogramma and corn borer trichogramma by taking wheat moth eggs as hosts respectively, ⑶ manufacturing the bee cards, preparing the bee cards in two batches, uniformly scattering parasitic bees on the cards when preparing the bee cards, ⑵ bee releasing stages, ⑴ bee releasing time, the first batch is a summer corn ear stage, when the corn ear stage is formed by leading the corn to be emerged, the second batch and the first batch are separated by 5 days, ⑵ bee releasing methods are carried out, 150 single bee cards are hung in each summer corn field, bee releasing points are 4-5 m away from the ground, the distance between the bee releasing points is 7-9 m, the survival times of the rice can be reduced, and the field effect of controlling the trichogramma and the cotton bollworms in the field can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, and relates to a method for controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms by releasing mixed trichogramma seeds.
Background
The corn borers and the cotton bollworms are important grain and cotton pests in China and cause serious harm to the corns and the cotton all the year round in Huang-Huai-Hai areas in China. In recent years, along with the transfer of cotton main producing areas in China, cotton bollworms have become more and more serious in corn fields, and in Huang-Huai-Hai summer corn planting areas, corn borers and cotton bollworms have become the most important pests in the ear stage of summer corn. In the course of many years of pest control, our country has developed a number of technical approaches to control corn borer and cotton bollworm, of which releasing trichogramma, its parasitic natural enemy, at the time of laying eggs of the pest, is the more effective and most environmentally friendly of the many approaches. Biological control technology for main pests such as corn borers and cotton bollworms on summer corns which are important grain crops in Huang-Huai-Hai regions in China.
At present, the large-scale breeding of various trichogramma by using intermediate hosts is successfully realized in China, wherein the corn borer trichogramma and the borer yellow trichogramma are dominant species parasitic wasps of the corn borer and the cotton bollworm in Huang-Huai-Hai region respectively. Because the trichogramma has certain specificity on the parasitism of target pest eggs, the control effect of releasing a single bee species on another non-target pest is limited, and the cotton bollworms in Huang-Huai-Hai regions are lagged behind the peak period of the corn borers all the year round, the two trichogramma need to be released respectively in the conventional method for controlling the two pests, so that the field release times and the labor amount for releasing the trichogramma are increased, and the pest control cost is increased. The non-eclosion bees on the bee card are easy to be eaten by predatory natural enemies such as ladybug, lacewing and the like, the number of bees is reduced, and the effect of preventing pests is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for releasing mixed trichogramma species to prevent and control corn borers and cotton bollworms, which solves the problem of insect damage to the corn borers and the cotton bollworms in the ear stage of summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai areas, reduces the number of bee releasing times, protects bees on bee cards from being caught by natural enemies, and improves the effect of the mixed trichogramma species on preventing and controlling the corn borers and the cotton bollworms.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for preventing and controlling the corn borers and the cotton bollworms by releasing the mixed trichogramma seeds comprises two stages of preparing mixed long-acting bee cards and releasing bees, and comprises the following specific steps:
making mixed long-acting bee cards
(1) Manufacturing a protective bee card, wherein the protective bee card is manufactured by kraft paper with a rough surface on one side and a smooth surface on the other side, each protective bee card comprises 10-100 single bee cards, and the mass of the paper is 150-200 g/m2. The smooth surface of the kraft paper is printed with a template and cut into cards, and the template comprises a gluing position, a folding line, a notch, a trapezoidal opening and a tooth hole line. The middle part cross cutting of protective bee card extrudes the width 2 ~ 3mm folding line, conveniently folds. The tooth hole lines are die-cut between the single bee cards so as to be convenient to tear. One end of the single bee card close to the top is cut into notches which are 0.5-1.0 cm away from two sides, two corners of the bottom of the single bee card are provided with trapezoidal openings, and the formed trapezoidal protrusions are used for being inserted into the notches. Coating adhesive on the rough surface under the folding line of the single bee cardThe glue position is centered, and each card is glued with 5 +/-0.5 cm of glue2The glue coating surface is covered by release paper;
(2) using the eggs of the wheat moths as hosts to breed the trichogramma borer and the trichogramma borer by an egg scattering and breeding method;
(3) preparing single bee cards, and preparing the single bee cards in two batches, wherein each single bee card of the first batch contains 1000 +/-200 heads of corn borer trichogramma and 500 +/-100 heads of borer yellow trichogramma, each single bee card of the second batch contains 500 +/-100 heads of corn borer trichogramma and 1000 +/-200 heads of borer yellow trichogramma. Parasitic wasps which are bred at 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days, 3-4 days, 4-5 days and 5-6 days after being parasitized are respectively 30%, 20%, 20% and 30% of each batch of corn borer trichogramma and borer yellow trichogramma; when preparing the single bee card, the release paper on the single bee card is taken down, the parasitic bees which are uniformly mixed are uniformly scattered on the card, and the parasitic bees which are not adhered on the adhesive surface are swept away by a soft brush.
⑵ bee releasing
(1) The bee releasing time of the first batch of single bee cards in the field is as follows: in the ear stage of summer corn, the emergence of the corn borers begins to be prosperous; the release time of the second batch of single bee cards is separated from that of the first batch of single bee cards by 5 days, namely the release is carried out on the 6 th day after the first batch of single bee cards are released;
(2) the number of the bee releasing places is 150 single bee cards per hectare of summer corn field, the distance between the bee releasing points is 4-5 m away from the ground, and the distance between the bee releasing points is 7-9 m.
Alternatively, kraft paper for long-acting protective bee cards has a specification of 35cm × 14 cm, each protective bee card comprises 20 single bee cards, the size of each single bee card is 3.5cm × 7 cm., the length of the cut close to one end of the top is 0.6cm, the distance between the cut and each side is 0.7cm, the length of the upper bottom edge of a trapezoidal opening is 0.6cm, the length of the lower bottom edge of the trapezoidal opening is 0.8cm, glue with the height of 0.6 cm. is oily self-adhesive glue taking oily acrylate glue as a main component.
The invention provides a method for releasing two bee species with different target pest effects by mixing and simultaneously preventing and controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms in the ear stage of summer corn. On the basis of preventing and treating corn borers in corn fields by using corn borers and trichogramma, and preventing and treating cotton bollworms by using trichogramma, combining the actual conditions that the egg emergence periods of the corn borers and the cotton bollworms at the ear stage of summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai areas are close and the peak periods are different, the number of times of releasing the bees in the fields is reduced by simultaneously releasing mixed bee species, and the release amount of different bee species during each releasing is determined to meet the requirements of preventing and treating different target pests in the fields. The Trichogramma used in the invention comprises Asian corn borer Trichogramma ostriniae Pang et Chen bred by using a wheat moth egg and ostrinia borer Trichogramma Ishii, and can be used for summer corn fields where the corn borers and the cotton bollworms are mixed in Huang-Huai-Hai areas.
According to the method for preventing and controlling the corn borers and the cotton bollworms by releasing the mixed trichogramma seeds, the trichogramma cards and the releasing method of the trichogramma are improved according to the occurrence time characteristics of the corn borers and the cotton bollworms in the ear period of the summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai region and the development rule of the trichogramma, so that the number of times of releasing the trichogramma cards can be reduced, meanwhile, the bees on the card cards are protected from being caught by natural enemies, and the effect of preventing and controlling the corn borers and the cotton bollworms by the mixed trichogramma.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an expanded schematic view of a protective bee card;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of trichogramma on the inhibition of the damage of corn borer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of trichogramma on the inhibition of bollworm damage;
wherein: 1-gluing position, 2-incision, 3-single bee card, 4-folding line, 5-tooth hole line, 6-trapezoidal opening and 7-trapezoidal protrusion.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings. The scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and any modification made by those skilled in the art within the scope defined by the claims also falls within the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling corn borers and cotton bollworms by releasing mixed trichogramma seeds, which comprises two stages of preparing mixed long-acting bee cards and releasing bees, and comprises the following specific steps:
preparation of mixed long-acting bee card
(1) Manufacturing protective bee cards, wherein the protective bee cards are made of kraft paper with one rough surface and the other smooth surface, each protective bee card comprises 10 single bee cards 3, and the quality specification of the used paper is 150g/m2The smooth surface of the kraft paper is printed with a template and cut cards, the template comprises a gluing position 1, a folding line 4, notches 2, trapezoidal openings 6 and a perforation line 5. the kraft paper used by the protective bee cards is 35cm × cm (containing 20 single bee cards), each protective bee card comprises 20 single bee cards, the size of each single bee card is 3.5cm × 7 cm., the middle of each protective bee card is die-cut to form the folding line 4 with the width of 2-3 mm, the folding is convenient, the perforation line 5 is die-cut between the single bee cards 3 to facilitate tearing, the notches 2 with the distance of 0.7cm are respectively cut at two sides of one end of each single bee card close to the top, the trapezoidal openings are respectively arranged at two corners at the bottom of each single bee card, the upper bottom side of each trapezoidal opening 6 is 0.6cm long, the lower bottom side of each trapezoidal opening is 0.8cm long, the height of each trapezoidal opening is 0.6cm, the formed trapezoidal bulges are used for being inserted into the notches, the gluing is carried out on the rough surface under each single bee card, the gluing position is2The gummed surface is covered by release paper. The glue for gluing is oily self-adhesive glue with oily acrylate glue as the main component;
(2) using the eggs of the wheat moths as hosts to breed the trichogramma borer and the trichogramma borer by an egg scattering and breeding method;
(3) ①, manufacturing a first batch of released single bee cards, taking 450 ten thousand, 300 ten thousand and 450 ten thousand of corn borer trichogramma which develops 2-3 d, 3-4 d, 4-5 d and 5-6 d respectively, and taking 225 ten thousand, 150 ten thousand and 225 ten thousand of borer trichogramma respectively when manufacturing the single bee cards, uniformly mixing the two kinds of bees, manufacturing the single bee cards on a protective bee card, wherein each single bee card 3 contains 1500 bees, storing or distributing the manufactured single bee cards under the condition that the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 75-85%, ②, the single bee cards released by a second batch, taking 225, 150 and 225 of corn borer which develops 2-3 d, 3-4 d, 4-5 d and 5-6 d respectively, uniformly mixing the two kinds of corn borer trichogramma which develop 2-3 d, 300-300 d and 450 ten thousand, manufacturing a protective trichogramma card, and preparing parasitic paper which contains 1500 bee glue, and uniformly distributing the parasitic trichogramma on the surfaces of the prepared single bee cards under the condition that the parasitic trichogramma is 20-85%, and the parasitic paper is uniformly mixed at the temperature, and the temperature is 75% or 75% when manufacturing the parasitic single bee cards.
⑵ bee releasing
(1) When the bees are placed, the single-bee card 3 is torn off, the single-bee card is folded from the folding line position, the trapezoidal protrusion 7 at the bottom of the single-bee card is partially inserted into the top notch 2, parasitic bees are placed between the two layers of card paper, and the single-bee card is hung (inserted) at the lower part of the leaf close to the corncob position before the evening of the day when the bees are placed.
(2) The bee releasing time of the first batch of single bee cards in the field is as follows: in the ear stage of summer corn, the emergence of the corn borers begins to be prosperous; the release time of the second batch of single bee cards is separated from that of the first batch of single bee cards by 5 days, namely the release is carried out on the 6 th day after the first batch of single bee cards are released;
(3) the number and the place of the bees are increased, the number of the bee cards per hectare in summer corn field is increased by 150, the distance between the bee points is 4-5 m away from the ground, and the distance between the bee points is 8.2 m.
The implementation effect is as follows:
in 2017, in the county of the city, the dikou village, the county, the Jinlong modern agricultural park and the county, the Zhiqing agricultural cooperative society, the method for preventing and controlling the corn borers and the cotton bollworms by releasing the mixed trichogramma seeds is adopted. The results in table 1 show that the parasitic rate of trichogramma on the egg masses of the ostrinia nubilalis reaches over 90 percent and is obviously higher than 55 percent of that of the prior art (contrast CK), the parasitic rate of egg granules reaches over 80 percent, and the reduction rate of pests reaches over 70 percent. The investigation result of the harm to the corn borers in the field is shown in fig. 2, which shows that the inhibition effect of the trichogramma released to the corn borers is obvious, and the field damage ratio (control CK) of the trichogramma for preventing and controlling the corn borers is reduced by more than 70%.
TABLE 1 trichogramma parasite rate for preventing and treating corn borer
The results in Table 2 show that after trichogramma is released in cotton field, trichogramma parasitizes cotton bollworm eggs in the bee releasing area
The rate reaches more than 80 percent, is obviously higher than 34.78 percent of the CK (contrast) and the control effect reaches more than 75 percent. The investigation result of the harm of the cotton bollworm in the field is shown in fig. 3, which shows that the releasing trichogramma has obvious inhibition effect on the cotton bollworm, and the field damage ratio (contrast CK) of the trichogramma to the cotton bollworm is reduced by more than 65%.
TABLE 2 trichogramma parasitism rate for prevention and treatment of bollworm
Compared with the conventional method, the method reduces the number of cotton bollworm control and bee releasing for 2 times, reduces the total consumption of trichogramma by 1 ten thousand per mu, and reduces the insect pest prevention and the agricultural production cost.
The glue used by the invention is oily acrylate glue, has good bonding performance on the eggs of the wheat moths, has good egg fixing effect, is non-toxic and tasteless, and does not have the problem that starch materials absorb water quickly to lose water and influence the bees in the eggs. The single bee card can be prepared for standby use in advance in a large amount, and the problems of places and labor caused by the concentrated manual card preparation in the production period of trichogramma can be avoided. The protective bee card finishes the last step of folding and inserting in the field release process without additionally adding an adhesive process. The trichogramma is between two layers of card paper, because the crease position has been pressed out on the card during cross cutting, has reserved gap between the two layers of cards after folding, can block predatory insects such as ladybug, green lacewing to get into and eat the trichogramma, and enough trichogramma imago comes in and goes out again, need not to punch on single bee card.
Claims (3)
1. A method for releasing mixed trichogramma species to prevent and control corn borers and cotton bollworms is characterized in that: the method comprises two stages of preparing a mixed long-acting bee card and releasing bees, and comprises the following specific steps:
⑴ Process for preparing long-acting bee card
(1) Manufacturing a protective bee card, wherein the protective bee card is manufactured by kraft paper with a rough surface and a smooth surface, and each protective bee card comprises 10-100 single bee cards (3); the smooth surface of the kraft paper is printed with a template and a cutting card, the template comprises a gluing position (1), a folding line (4), a notch (2), a trapezoidal opening (6) and a perforation line (5), the middle part of the protective bee card is subjected to die cutting to form the folding line (4) with the width of 2-3 mm, the perforation line (5) is formed between single bee cards (3) through die cutting, one end, close to the top, of each single bee card is provided with the notch (2) with the distance of 0.5-1.0 cm from each side, and two trapezoidal openings (6) are respectively arranged at two corners of the bottom of each single bee card; spreading glue on the rough surface of the single bee card under the folding line, wherein the glue spreading position is centered, and each card is spread with 5 +/-0.5 cm of glue2The glue coating surface is covered by release paper;
(2) using the eggs of the wheat moths as hosts to breed the trichogramma borer and the trichogramma borer by an egg scattering and breeding method;
(3) preparing single bee cards, and preparing the single bee cards in two batches, wherein each single bee card of the first batch of single bee cards (3) contains 1000 +/-200 heads of corn borer trichogramma and 500 +/-100 heads of borer yellow trichogramma, and each single bee card of the second batch of single bee cards contains 500 +/-100 heads of corn borer trichogramma and 1000 +/-200 heads of borer yellow trichogramma; parasitic wasps which develop for 2-3 days at 25-28 ℃, 3-4 days, 4-5 days and 5-6 days respectively account for 30%, 20%, 20% and 30% of each batch of corn borer trichogramma and borer trichogramma used after parasitic wasps; storing or distributing the prepared single bee card at the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the relative humidity of 75-85%; when the single-bee card is prepared, the release paper on the single-bee card paper is taken down, the uniformly mixed parasitic bees are uniformly scattered on the card paper, and the parasitic bees which are not adhered on the adhesive surface are swept away by a soft brush;
⑵ bee releasing
(1) The bee releasing time is that the first batch of bees are in the ear period of the summer corn: in the ear stage of summer corn, the emergence of the corn borers begins to be prosperous; the release time of the second batch of single bee cards is 5 days away from the first batch of single bee cards;
(2) the number and the place of releasing bees are determined according to the amount of 150 single bee cards hung in summer corn field per hectare, the distance between the releasing points is 4-5 m away from the ground, and the distance between the releasing points is 7-9 m;
⑶ method for using protective bee card
When the single bee card (3) is torn off during bee releasing, the single bee card is folded from the folding line position, the trapezoidal bulge (7) at the bottom of the single bee card is partially inserted into the top notch (2), parasitic bees are placed between the two layers of card paper, and the single bee card is hung at the lower part of the blade close to the corn cob.
2. The method for controlling corn borer and cotton bollworm by releasing mixed trichogramma larvae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kraft paper used for the long-acting protective bee cards is 35cm × 14 cm, each protective bee card comprises 20 single bee cards (3), the size of each single bee card is 3.5cm × 7cm, the cut (2) is 0.6cm close to one end of the top, the cut is 0.7cm away from the two sides, the upper bottom side of the trapezoid opening (6) is 0.6cm long, the lower bottom side of the trapezoid opening is 0.8cm long, and the height of the trapezoid opening is 0.6 cm.
3. The method for controlling ostrinia nubilalis and cotton bollworm by releasing mixed trichogramma species as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the glue for gluing is oily self-adhesive glue which takes oily acrylate glue as a main component.
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| CN109769754A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-05-21 | 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of breeding release card, folded breeding release card and application method |
| CN111011313B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-04-19 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所 | Method for improving female proportion of trichogramma offspring and application thereof |
| CN111820055B (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2024-05-07 | 河北全疆科技有限公司 | Automatic trichogramma egg card throwing device and trichogramma egg card throwing method using same |
| CN111937655A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Row bee card for unmanned aerial vehicle release, manufacturing method and using method |
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| RU2212784C1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2003-09-27 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт биологической защиты растений | Method for protecting vegetating plants against phytophages |
| CN104067888A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-10-01 | 管礼静 | Method for disease and pest control of pollution-free corn |
| CN204272968U (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-04-22 | 云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州植保植检站 | A kind of defence type oophagous trichogrammae honeybee card |
| CN104663327A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-03 | 吉林农业大学 | Method for releasing trichogrammas bred in big and small eggs in hybrid manner to prevent and control insect pests |
| CN105766803B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-04-27 | 吉林农业大学 | Egg of oak silkworm mixes breeding trichogramma dendrolimi and Trichogramma Ostriniae method for host |
| CN205623966U (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-10-12 | 华南农业大学 | Novel put bee card |
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