CN108933268B - 用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN108933268B
CN108933268B CN201711268376.0A CN201711268376A CN108933268B CN 108933268 B CN108933268 B CN 108933268B CN 201711268376 A CN201711268376 A CN 201711268376A CN 108933268 B CN108933268 B CN 108933268B
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金大钟
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Abstract

提供了一种用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统。所述方法包括由控制器感测启动请求信号,并且当感测到启动请求信号时,使主总线级的双向高电压DC/DC转换器(BHDC)升压。然后,在BHDC的升压的同时,将空气/氢气管线的阀门打开,并且在空气/氢气管线的阀门打开之后,通过允许燃料电池的输出来完成燃料电池的启动。

Description

用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统,该方法和系统使燃料电池的启动过程并行化和最优化,从而在更少的时间周期内向驾驶员提供燃料电池的输出。
背景技术
燃料电池是将燃料的化学能量直接转换成电能的发电系统。燃料电池由单元电池配置成,每个单元电池包括一对阳极电极和阴极电极,其间具有电解质。氢被供应到单元电池的阳极,且氧被供应到其阴极,从而通过电离材料的化学反应产生电。由于燃料电池不经过矿物燃料的燃烧反应,所以燃料电池不会排放有害物质,并具有高的发电效率,因此,用作车辆的电源。
燃料电池车辆是将燃料电池和高电压电池用作电源的混合动力车辆。因此,在这两个电源正常的状态下,燃料电池车辆能够提供最大的输出功率。在传统的燃料电池启动过程中,在电动汽车(EV)启动完成状态下,依次进行全部程序,能够使用高电压电池驱动车辆,但直到燃料电池系统的启动完成并且燃料电池的输出可用需要7到8秒左右的时间。因此,直到驾驶员获得足够的启动输出功率来启动需要7到8秒的长时间,从而降低了用户便利性。
另外,燃料电池启动过程包括向堆栈供应空气并识别堆栈电压是否正常。为了操作空气压缩机,以向堆栈供应空气,高电压电池的电压需要通过双向高电压DC/DC转换器(BHDC)来升压,并且空气压缩机需要由高电压电池的升压的电压驱动。因此,在BHDC的升压完成之后,执行燃料电池系统的启动过程。这种配置增加了燃料电池的启动时间周期,并导致在每个启动过程中堆栈暴露于开路电压(OCV),因此对耐久性具有负面影响。这种配置也使得空气压缩机操作,以提供不必要的空气,从而导致能量浪费。
具体地,参考图1,当在感测启动请求信号的步骤S100中感测到启动请求信号时,在BHDC的升压的步骤S400之前,该过程经过连接高电压电池的步骤S300,在BHDC的升压的步骤S400之后完成操作低电压DC-DC转换器(LDC)的步骤S500,然后依次进行到打开空气/氢气管线的阀门并且操作再循环鼓风机的步骤S600,其包括打开空气截止阀的步骤S610和供应氢气和净化(purge)氢气并驱动再循环鼓风机的步骤S620。此外,作为识别堆栈的电压是否正常的步骤S700,过程进行到向堆栈供应空气的步骤S710和识别堆栈的电压的步骤S720,并且在步骤S800中完成燃料电池的启动。因此,传统地,根据完成EV启动并且启动燃料电池系统的方案,依次执行全部步骤,完成启动需要较长的时间。
在本背景技术部分中公开的信息仅用于增强对本发明的一般背景的理解,而不应被视为对该信息构成本领域技术人员已知的现有技术的认可或任何形式的暗示。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于控制燃料电池启动的方法和系统,该方法和系统与BHDC的升压过程并行地使用燃料电池的低电压电池执行燃料电池系统的启动过程,消除了向燃料电池供应空气并识别堆栈电压的过程,从而减少启动时间周期并允许燃料电池的输出无延迟地可用。
根据本发明的一个方面,一种用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法可以包括:由控制器感测启动请求信号;当感测到启动请求信号时,由控制器将主总线级的双向高电压DC/DC转换器(BHDC)升压;在BHDC的升压的同时,由控制器将空气/氢气管线的阀门打开;并且在空气/氢气管线的阀门打开之后,通过允许燃料电池的输出来完成燃料电池的启动。空气/氢气管线的阀门的打开可以包括使用低电压电池的充电电力来打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
所述方法还可以包括:在识别驾驶员的启动意图之后,监测低电压电池的充电量。当低电压电池的监测的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,空气/氢气管线的阀门的打开与BHDC的升压一起执行。此外,当低电压电池的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,在BHDC升压之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
在完成燃料电池的启动之后,可以将空气供应到燃料电池。空气/氢气管线的阀门的打开可以包括净化氢气。主总线级的BHDC的升压可以包括在BHDC升压之后操作低电压DC-DC转换器(LDC)。主总线级的BHDC的升压可以包括在BHDC升压之前将高电压电池连接到主总线级。
根据本发明的另一方面,一种用于控制燃料电池启动的系统可以包括:双向高电压DC/DC转换器(BHDC),包括在主总线级中;阀门,安装在空气/氢气管线中并被配置为调节空气/氢气流量;以及控制器,被配置为感测启动请求信号,当已经感测到启动请求信号时,升压主总线级的BHDC,同时打开空气/氢气管线的阀门,并在打开空气/氢气管线的阀门之后允许燃料电池的输出。
系统还可以包括被配置为监测低电压电池的充电量的低电压电池监测单元。当由低电压电池监测单元监测的低电压电池的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,控制器可以被配置为打开空气/氢气管线的阀门,同时升压BHDC,并且当低电压电池的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,控制器可以被配置为在BHDC升压之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
根据本发明的用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法和系统可以优化启动程序并减少允许燃料电池的输出的时间周期。另外,该方法和系统通过防止在启动期间燃料电池的堆栈暴露于OCV来确保耐久性,并且通过在启动期间防止不必要的空气供应来降低空气压缩机的消耗功率。
附图说明
从结合附图进行的以下详细描述中,本发明的上述和其他方面、特征和优点将变得更加明显,其中:
图1是示出了根据相关技术的传统顺序启动过程的流程图;
图2是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的根据燃料电池启动控制方法的启动过程的流程图;以及
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池启动控制系统的配置的方框图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例。
可以理解的是,在本文中所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其他相似的术语通常包括机动车辆,例如,包括运动型多用途车(SUV)的客车、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆、包括各种船舶和轮船的船只、飞机等,并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插入式混合电力汽车、氢动力车辆以及其他替代的燃料车辆(例如,源自石油以外的资源的燃料)。如本文所提及的,混合车辆是具有两个或更多个动力源的车辆,例如,汽油动力和电动动力车辆。
尽管示例性实施例被描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性过程,但是应当理解,示例性过程也可以由一个或多个模块执行。此外,可以理解的是,术语控制器/控制单元是指包括存储器和处理器的硬件装置。存储器被配置为存储模块,并且处理器被具体配置为执行所述模块,以执行下面进一步描述的一个或多个处理。
而且,本公开的控制逻辑可实施为包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非暂时性计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的示例包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪驱、智能卡以及光学数据储存装置。计算机可读记录介质还可以分布在网络耦接的计算机系统中,从而使得例如通过远程信息处理服务器或控制器局域网络(CAN)以分布的方式储存和执行计算机可读介质。
本文使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例,并不旨在限制本公开。如本文所使用的,单数形式“一个(a)”,“一个(an)”和“该(the)”旨在也包括复数形式,除非上下文另有明确指示。要进一步理解的是,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括(comprise)”和/或“包括(comprising)”指定存在所述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件,但不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合。如本文所用,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出的项目的任何和所有组合。
图2是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的根据燃料电池启动控制方法的启动过程的流程图。图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的燃料电池启动控制系统的配置的方框图。本文描述的方法可以由具有处理器和存储器的控制器执行。
如图2所示,根据本发明的燃料电池启动控制方法可以包括:感测启动请求信号(S100);当已经感测到启动请求信号时,将主总线级的BHDC升压(S400);在BHDC升压的同时,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门(S600');并且在空气/氢气管线的阀门打开之后,通过允许燃料电池的输出来完成燃料电池的启动(S800)。
另外,燃料电池启动控制方法还可以包括:在识别驾驶员的启动意图(例如,用户启动意图)之后,监测低电压电池的充电量(S200);当低电压电池的监测的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,在升压BHDC的同时,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门;当低电压电池的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,在升压BHDC之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
如图3所示,根据本发明的燃料电池启动控制系统可以包括:包括在主总线级中的BHDC 40;阀门11,安装在空气/氢气管线中并被配置为调节空气/氢气流量;以及控制器80,被配置为感测启动请求信号,当已经感测到启动请求信号时,执行升压主总线级的BHDC,同时打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11,并在打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11之后允许(例如,许可)燃料电池10的输出。
此外,作为示例性实施例,燃料电池启动控制系统还可以包括低电压电池监测单元71,其被配置为监测低电压电池70的充电量。当由低电压电池监测单元71监测的低电压电池70的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,控制器80可以被配置为打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11,同时升压BHDC40。当低电压电池70的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,控制器80可以被配置为在升压BHDC 40之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11。
共同参考图2和图3,在由控制器80感测启动请求信号的步骤S100中,当驾驶员输入用于请求启动的信号时,例如,当使用启动按钮或者插入车辆钥匙时,控制器80可以被配置为感测输入启动请求信号。在控制器80感测到启动请求信号时升压主总线级的BHDC40的步骤S400中,产生能够通过升压BHDC40而操作连接到主总线级的逆变器20的诸如电动机30、空气压缩机(未示出)等高电压部件的电压。
在使BHDC40升压的同时打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11的步骤S600'中,当控制器80感测到启动请求信号时,可以与升压主总线级的BHDC 40的步骤S400同时,打开安装在供应到燃料电池10或从燃料电池10排放的空气和氢气的通道中的阀门11。具体地,步骤S600'可以包括打开空气截止阀的步骤和打开氢气截止阀并打开氢气供应阀的步骤。在打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11之后,由控制器80通过允许燃料电池的输出来完成燃料电池的启动的步骤S800中,当完成打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11的步骤S600'时,可以省略向燃料电池10的堆栈供应空气并识别堆栈的电压的步骤,并且可以完成燃料电池的启动。因此,当完成打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11的步骤S600'时,步骤S800可以立即允许燃料电池10的输出。
在打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11的步骤S600'中,空气/氢气管线的阀门11可以用低电压电池70的充电电力打开。这种配置允许在BHDC 40和LDC 60的操作完成之前,使用正在充电的低电压电池70的电力打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11。因此,可以增加电池充电容量,以向低电压电池70提供充足的充电容量。
通常,启动过程包括使用低电压电源驱动再循环鼓风机(未示出)的过程。在这方面,启动驱动再循环鼓风机所消耗的电力的量是相当大的,因此,在驱动LDC 60之前仅由低电压电池70驱动再循环鼓风机时,存在关于压降的重要问题。因此,在LDC 60的操作完成之后,需要连续的启动过程来驱动再循环鼓风机并使用低电压电源打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11。在本发明中,由于通过增强喷射器系统来确保再循环流动,所以在启动过程中可以不驱动再循环鼓风机,或者可以从一开始就消除再循环鼓风机驱动步骤,因此,可以在LDC 60的操作之前使用低电压电池70的充电功率来执行启动过程。
在识别驾驶员启动的意图的步骤S100之后,该方法还可以包括由低电压电池监测单元71监测低电压电池70的充电量。当低电压电池70的监测的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量A时,控制器80可以被配置为与升压BHDC 40的步骤S400同时打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。当低电压电池70的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量A时,控制器80可以被配置为在步骤S400中在BHDC 40升压之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
在识别驾驶员启动的意图的步骤S100之后,在监测低电压电池70的充电量的步骤S200中,低电压电池监测单元71可以被配置为确定低电压电池的充电量是否足以用作打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11的电力。因此,电池可以用作低电压电池70,其中,可以检测电池的充电状态(SOC)。例如,当锂离子电池用作低电压电池70时,可以确定电池的SOC,并且可以监测低电压电池70的充电量。
当在监测低电压电池70的充电量的步骤S200中由低电压电池监测单元71监测的低电压电池70的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量A时,控制器80可以被配置为与升压主总线级的BHDC 40的步骤S400同时打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11,并且可以减少完成启动所需的时间周期。具体地,预设的充电量A取决于所使用的低电压电池70的充电容量,并且可以被设置为具有大于或等于打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11所消耗的电力的可放电输出的充电容量。
相反,在监测低电压电池70的充电量的步骤S200中由低电压电池监测单元71监测的低电压电池70的充电量小于预设的充电量时,低电压电池70的充电量没有大于或等于打开空气/氢气管线的阀门11所消耗的电力的可放电输出,从而控制器80可以被配置为在BHDC 40升压之后操作LDC 40之后,打开空气/氢气管线的阀门。
在完成燃料电池启动的步骤S800之后,可以将空气供应到燃料电池10。通常,在燃料电池启动过程中,将空气供应到堆栈并且确定堆栈的电压是否正常的步骤是必要。因此,每当执行启动过程时,燃料电池的电池暴露至接近OCV的电压,并且甚至在完成启动之后,也维持接近OCV的电压,直到燃料电池的输出,这造成燃料电池的电池的劣化。另外,通过驱动空气压缩机(未示出)以在启动期间供应空气而消耗能量。
因此,可以通过省略在燃料电池启动过程中向堆栈供应空气并识别堆栈的电压的步骤,来解决上述问题,而空气可以在启动完成之后当需要燃料电池的输出时供应给燃料电池10。打开空气/氢气管线的阀门的步骤S600'可以包括净化氢气的步骤。空气中的氮可能通过在空气极侧扩散而在氢极侧用作杂质。为了净化氢气,可以在燃料电池的阳极侧的出口处设置净化阀,以除去作为杂质的氮,并且可以调节包括杂质的氢的排出量。
升压主总线级的BHDC 40的步骤S400可以包括在步骤S400中升压BHDC 40之后操作LDC 60的步骤S500。另外,升压主总线级的BHDC 40的步骤S400可以包括在步骤S400中升压BHDC 40之前将高电压电池50连接到主总线级的步骤S300。具体地,升压主总线级的BHDC40的步骤S400在BHDC40升压之前操作使高电压电池50连接到主总线级的继电器的步骤S300之后,并且升压BHDC 40的步骤S400在步骤S500之前,以在步骤S500中操作LDC 60。因此,可以依次执行将高电压电池50连接到主总线级的步骤S300、升压BHDC 40的步骤S400以及操作LDC 60的步骤S500。
虽然已经参考具体的示例性实施例说明和描述了本发明,但是对于本发明所属领域的普通技术人员来说,显而易见的是,在不脱离由所附权利要求提供的本发明的技术思想的情况下,本发明可以进行各种改进和改变。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于控制燃料电池的启动的方法,包括以下步骤:
由控制器感测启动请求信号;
当已经感测到所述启动请求信号时,由所述控制器使主总线级的双向高电压DC/DC转换器升压;
在识别驾驶员的启动意图之后,监测低电压电池的充电量;
由所述控制器,通过使用所述低电压电池的充电电力来打开空气/氢气管线的阀门,其中,当所述低电压电池的监测的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门的打开与所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器的升压一起执行,并且其中,当所述低电压电池的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,在所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器升压之后,打开所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门;并且
在所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门打开之后,由所述控制器通过允许所述燃料电池的输出来完成所述燃料电池的启动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在完成所述燃料电池的启动之后,将空气供应到所述燃料电池。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门的打开包括净化氢气。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述主总线级的所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器的升压包括在升压所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器之后操作低电压DC-DC转换器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述主总线级的所述BHDC的升压包括在所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器的升压之前将高电压电池连接到所述主总线级。
6.一种用于控制燃料电池启动的系统,包括:
包括在主总线级中的双向高电压DC/DC转换器;
阀门,安装在空气/氢气管线中并被配置为调节空气/氢气流量;
低电压电池监测单元,被配置为在识别驾驶员的启动意图之后,监测低电压电池的充电量;以及
控制器,被配置为:感测启动请求信号;当已经感测到所述启动请求信号时,将所述主总线级的所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器升压;通过使用所述低电压电池的充电电力来打开所述空气/氢气管线的阀门,其中,当所述低电压电池的监测的充电量大于或等于预设的充电量时,所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门的打开与所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器的升压一起执行,并且其中,当所述低电压电池的监测的充电量小于预设的充电量时,在所述双向高电压DC/DC转换器升压之后,打开所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门;并且在打开所述空气/氢气管线的所述阀门之后允许燃料电池的输出。
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