CN108931182B - 用于机动车的传感器 - Google Patents

用于机动车的传感器 Download PDF

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CN108931182B
CN108931182B CN201810513061.6A CN201810513061A CN108931182B CN 108931182 B CN108931182 B CN 108931182B CN 201810513061 A CN201810513061 A CN 201810513061A CN 108931182 B CN108931182 B CN 108931182B
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CN108931182A (zh
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I·赫宁
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Hella GmbH and Co KGaA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D15/00Steering not otherwise provided for
    • B62D15/02Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
    • B62D15/021Determination of steering angle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/02Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for main transmission clutches
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/16Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage by varying resistance
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/02Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
    • G01R33/06Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
    • G01R33/09Magnetoresistive devices
    • G01R33/098Magnetoresistive devices comprising tunnel junctions, e.g. tunnel magnetoresistance sensors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/30Sensors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的传感器,所述传感器包括评估单元(2),所述评估单元连接到传感器的输出端上。所述传感器应该能在小的电流消耗的情况下在没有明显的时间延迟的情况下激活至少一个控制器和/或传感器。这由此实现,切换信号单元(3)并联于评估单元(2)连接到传感器的输出端上。

Description

用于机动车的传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的传感器,所述传感器包括评估单元,所述评估单元连接到传感器的输出端上。
背景技术
这样的传感器本身已知并且在机动车中用于不同的目的以及以不同的实施方式使用。利用所述传感器例如确定距离、角度或位置。所述传感器例如感应、电容性、磁性、光学、电位地利用雷达或超声工作。在一些情况下,所述传感器形成人和机器之间的接口。在对安全关键的情况下,所述传感器冗余或至少多通道地实施。
传感器通过供给切换信号和/或接口的评估单元连接到控制器上。
在确定的传感器和/或控制器中值得期望的是,其在接通机动车的“点火”之前是激活的。由此可能的是,这些传感器和/或控制器持久地被提供电压。因为由此消耗过多的电流并且因此机动车的储能器(汽车电池)过于快速地放电,所以不可实施持久的电压馈电。
为了绕过过于快速的放电,已知包括开关的传感器,所述开关用于激活控制器。所述开关例如作为霍尔传感器构成。所述开关在连续运行中与所属的评估单元一起具有相对高的电流需求,因此所述开关在时间上节拍式地只以短的接通持续时间运行。因此开关的反应时间相对长并且因此也许不引起控制器的及时的激活。
由US 2013/0066587 A1已知一种位置传感器,其中,磁场传感器具有包括隧道磁电阻(TMR)的传感器。未说明包括用于激活例如控制器的开关的位置传感器的使用。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,提供一种传感器,其在小的电流消耗的情况下在没有时间延迟的情况下可以激活至少一个控制器和/或传感器。
该任务通过如下的特征解决:
用于机动车的传感器,所述传感器包括:
惠斯通电桥以及评估单元,所述评估单元连接到惠斯通电桥的输出端上,切换信号单元并联于评估单元连接到惠斯通电桥的输出端上。
切换信号单元并联于评估单元连接到传感器的输出端上。由此,切换信号单元可以直接通过传感器控制,而不用接通评估单元。仅传感器和切换信号单元持久地被提供电压(通过端子30)并且因此可准备使用。由此只消耗非常少的电流(少于10μA),从而机动车的储能器只稍微并且因此仅无损害地放电。因为传感器和切换信号单元持续地被准备使用,所以在传感器上的改变立即没有时间延迟地被记录并且切换信号单元能激活直接连接的单元如控制器和其他的传感器。借此立即需要的数据和功能提供用于机动车的电子的管理,这也提高用户友好性。通过机动车的驾驶员引起的错误操作可以通过及早干预控制功能被避免。
在一种设计中,传感器具有惠斯通电桥。所述惠斯通电桥简单地构造。
在另一种设计中,在惠斯通电桥中连接有隧道磁电阻元件。所述隧道磁电阻元件确保小的电流消耗。
在另一种设计中,切换信号单元持久连接到电压上。这确保用于切换的非常快速的反应时间。
在另一种设计中,传感器是位置传感器。就此能够最合适地实现本发明的希望的作用。
在另一种设计中,传感器配设给耦联或制动踏板。这些踏板之一由驾驶员在许多情况下已经在接通“点火”之前操纵,从而需要的功能已经及早可供使用。
所述布置结构也可以在助力转向装置中或在探测安全带的回转时用于解决多圈(Multiturn)问题。
在该情况下,可以在应该检测多个回转(>360°)的位置传感器中使用要求保护的布置结构,以便在点火断开时实现计数功能(圈计数器)。在点火接通之后,角度值由“圈计数器*360°+360°传感器的传感器值”得出。在这里圈计数器不是必须对完整的360°区段计数,而是也可以这样实现,使得只对部分角360°/n(n=自然数)计数。
同样如在助力转向中,可以以相同的方式将多圈原理用于确定转数并且借此确定安全带的卷绕或展开的长度。该检测可以用于在交通事故(碰撞)时的舒适性特性和改善的安全性。
在另一种设计中,切换信号单元集成到控制器中。这总体上简化传感器的构造并且导致对应的成本降低。
在另一种设计中,切换信号单元的开关由晶体管形成。半导体构件是价格便宜的并且要求较少空间。
在一种特别的设计中,切换信号单元的开关由Mosfet(金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)形成。所述Mosfet一般清楚地已知,可价格便宜地实现并且消耗特别少的电流。双极的晶体管备选地适合。
在另一种设计中,传感器是省电的。这例如通过使用惠斯通电桥中的省电的元件、连同由ASIC(专用集成电路)实现的省电的分析电路、合适的运算放大器电路可实现。优选惠斯通电桥包括TMR(隧道磁电阻)元件。
附图说明
借助示意的附图接着进一步解释本发明。在此:
图1示出传感器的电路图以及
图2示出切换信号单元的电路图。
具体实施方式
如由图1可看出的,传感器、例如位置传感器具有惠斯通电桥1,在所述惠斯通电桥的输出端4上并联地连接有评估单元2和切换信号单元3。传感器在机动车中设置并且例如配置给耦联或制动踏板。
惠斯通电桥1如通常那样具有四个第一电阻5,所述第一电阻共同连接成封闭的正方形。在惠斯通电桥1的第一对角线中连接有电压源6并且在第二对角线中连接有输出端4,所述输出端将信号以输出电压的形式(in_n和in_p)输出。
电压源6持久地、也就是说独立于“点火”的切换位置连接到机动车的电流供应部(端子30)上。为了还进一步减少所述布置结构的电流需求,此外可以使电压源6是按节拍运行的(takten)(周期运行的),也就是说,实现具有非常接近零的静态电流的切断的睡眠阶段和具有小的电流消耗的优选短的唤醒阶段。
第一电阻5高电阻地以隧道磁电阻元件(TMR)的形式构成。
评估单元2只在接通点火时通过端子VCC连接到电流供应部上并且将惠斯通电桥1的信号in_n和in_p评估成为传感器的位置信息7。位置信息7如通常的模拟、数字或借助脉冲宽度调制(PWM)传输给配设的控制器。
切换信号单元3如惠斯通电桥1那样持久地通过端子30连接到电流供应部上并且将信号in_n和in_p的改变评估为切换指令。切换信号单元3可以备选于图1中的示图与传感器空间上分开并且例如设置在控制器中。
切换信号单元3的电路图在图2中示出。信号in_n和in_p分别通过第二电阻8a、8b供给到运算放大器9中。信号in_n在配设的第二电阻8a和运算放大器9的负输入端之间通过第三电阻10与电的接地部连接。运算放大器9的输出端与比较器11的正输入端连接。信号in_p在配设的第二电阻8b和运算放大器9的正输入端之间通过第四电阻12与运算放大器9的输出端连接。比较器11的负输入端通过稳压器13和第五电阻14连接到端子30上以及通过第六电阻15连接到接地部上并且因此持久被提供电流。开关16连接到比较器11的输出端上。
稳压器13输出例如3.3V或5.0V的电压。
开关16例如是晶体管、尤其是Mosfet。
传感器的功能如下:
在正常运行中、亦即在接通点火时,不仅惠斯通电桥1和切换信号单元3而且评估单元2连接到电压上。如通常那样,惠斯通电桥1的信号in_n和in_p在评估单元2中计算成对应的位置并且位置信息7发送给上级的控制器。
在静止运行中,亦即在断开点火时,仅惠斯通电桥1和切换信号单元3通过端子30连接到电压上。电流消耗在这里非常小。一旦配设给传感器的装置如耦联或制动踏板被操纵,则由惠斯通电桥1输出的信号in_n和in_p改变,所述信号引入切换信号单元3中。信号的该改变引起,在切换信号单元3中开关16闭合并且这样激活指令17输出给至少一个预先确定的控制器。用于闭合开关16的切换点通过第五电阻14和第六电阻15确定。
附图标记列表
1 惠斯通电桥
2 评估单元
3 切换信号单元
4 输出端
5第一电阻
6 电压源
7 位置信息
8a、8b 第二电阻
9 运算放大器
10 第三电阻
11 比较器
12 第四电阻
13 稳压器
14 第五电阻
15 第六电阻
16 开关
17 激活指令
30 端子30

Claims (9)

1.用于机动车的传感器,所述传感器包括:
惠斯通电桥(1)以及评估单元(2),所述评估单元连接到惠斯通电桥的输出端上,所述评估单元(2)通过第一连接来连接至控制器,
其特征在于,切换信号单元(3)并联于评估单元(2)连接到惠斯通电桥的输出端上,所述切换信号单元(3)通过第二连接来连接至控制器。
2.按照权利要求1所述的传感器,其特征在于,在所述惠斯通电桥(1)中连接有隧道磁电阻元件。
3.按照权利要求1所述的传感器,其特征在于,切换信号单元(3)持久地连接到电压上。
4.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的传感器,其特征在于,所述传感器为位置传感器。
5.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的传感器,其特征在于,所述传感器配设给耦联或制动踏板、转向角传感器或安全带。
6.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的传感器,其特征在于,切换信号单元(3)集成到控制器中。
7.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的传感器,其特征在于,切换信号单元(3)的开关由晶体管形成。
8.按照权利要求7所述的传感器,其特征在于,切换信号单元(3)的开关由Mosfet或双极晶体管形成。
9.按照权利要求1至3之一所述的传感器,其特征在于,所述传感器省电地构成。
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US20180339731A1 (en) 2018-11-29
DE102017111529A1 (de) 2018-11-29
US10919573B2 (en) 2021-02-16

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