CN108929729A - 一种新型醇基液体燃料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种新型醇基液体燃料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108929729A
CN108929729A CN201810807170.9A CN201810807170A CN108929729A CN 108929729 A CN108929729 A CN 108929729A CN 201810807170 A CN201810807170 A CN 201810807170A CN 108929729 A CN108929729 A CN 108929729A
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徐坤
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Ningbo Mengman Biological Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种新型醇基液体燃料,由以下原料按照重量份制备而成:醇60‑90份;轻芳烃20‑40份;甲基硅油10‑30份;吐温10‑20份;KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.1‑1.5份;复配辛烷值提升剂5‑10份;助溶剂1‑5份;防腐剂1‑3份;所述醇为甲醇、乙醇和杂醇及其任一比例的混合物;所述KClO3/KMnO4混合物中KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为(10‑20):1。本发明制备的新型醇基液体燃料热值高,防爆震性能好,经济性好,节能环保。

Description

一种新型醇基液体燃料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及液体燃料技术领域,具体涉及一种新型醇基液体燃料。
背景技术
我国车用石油能源后备资源状况以及由此引起的能源安全问题已引起国家的高度重视,每年大量增加的进口石油数量已经直接影响到国民经济的发展,国家已为此着手建立石油战略储备体系。随着国民经济的进一步发展,为确保我国汽车能源的安全性,在建立石油储备体系的同时,寻找合适的石油替代燃料成为能源研究的重要课题。根据目前的研究结果表明:甲醇、乙醇、液化石油气(LPG)、压缩天然气(CNG)、二甲醚(DME)和氢气均可以作为车用石油替代燃料。醇类作为液体燃料,其储运、携带、使用都和传统的汽油、柴油差不多。生产乙醇燃料的原料主要来自农作物,属可再生能源,用生物技术路线取代化学技术路线进行生物燃料的生产,已成为全球各国能源规划的核心内容。甲醇辛烷值(RON 106~115)远高于汽油,抗爆性能良好,汽油机压缩比可相应增大。同时,甲醇在汽油中的溶解度很大;甲醇燃料的挥发性较好,有利于混合气的着火燃烧,降低有害气体的排放。甲醇的沸点低于柴油的沸点,使得混合气形成较快,且比较均匀,有利于完全燃烧;由于甲醇中氧的含量占50%,所以其燃烧速度快,不利于后燃期碳核的形成,有利于降低排烟,增加柴油机的冒烟极限功率。除了将甲醇作为汽油、柴油的直接替代燃料外,甲醇还可以通过其它途径成为汽车的驱动能源。如甲醇裂解成富氢气、制造二甲醇(DME)和燃料电池等。
申请号为200410035978.8,名称为“一种车用甲醇燃料”的发明专利申请公开了一种“甲醇15-50%,烃类15-55%,成品汽油0-59%,甲基叔丁基醚2-6%,混苯3-8%...”的车用甲醇燃料;申请号为200610040171.2,名称为“一种车用甲醇汽油”的发明专利申请公开了一种“无铅汽油…5%-85%;甲醇5%-85%;…甲基叔丁基醚3%-5%;二甲氧基甲烷1%-5%...”车用甲醇汽油。上述发明专利申请提供的甲醇汽油均含有“甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)”,这种醚是致癌物并很容易与水混合;如果含有MTBE的汽油从加油站的地下储油罐泄漏,那么它会对地下水造成污染,因此有的国家将禁用含MTBE的汽油;另外,成品汽油中的商品汽油也往往添加MTBE(邻甲苯酚)。
因此,亟需开发一款新型高热值、低污染、低成本、稳定性好、安全性高的醇基液体燃料以替代汽油、柴油等现有燃料。
发明内容
为了解决上述的技术问题,本发明提供一种新型醇基液体燃料及其制备方法和应用,其目的在于,提供一种新型醇基液体燃料,通过加复合添加剂KMnO4和KClO3,,能够有效提高燃料的热值,效果明显优于仅添加KMnO4添加剂;通过添加的复配的辛烷值提升剂,可减小爆震,提升醇基燃料辛烷值,使用时能节约燃油,经济效益明显,同时优化油品的理化性能和燃烧性能,节能环保。
本发明提供一种新型醇基液体燃料,由以下原料按照重量份制备而成:
醇60-90份;
轻芳烃20-40份;
甲基硅油10-30份;
吐温10-20份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.1-1.5份;
复配辛烷值提升剂5-10份;
助溶剂1-5份;
防腐剂1-3份;
所述醇为甲醇、乙醇和杂醇及其任一比例的混合物;
所述KClO3/KMnO4混合物中KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为(10-20):1。
作为本发明进一步的改进,由以下原料按照重量份制备而成:
醇76份;
轻芳烃32份;
甲基硅油22份;
吐温15份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.7份;
复配辛烷值提升剂8份;
助溶剂3份;
防腐剂1.2份;
所述醇为甲醇、乙醇和杂醇及其任一比例的混合物;
所述KClO3/KMnO4混合物中KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为16:1。
作为本发明进一步的改进,复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料混合而成:丙二酸酯、对羟基苯酚、聚乙二醇400、叔丁醇、抗氧剂、清净剂。
作为本发明进一步的改进,复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料按重量份混合而成:丙二酸酯20-30份、对羟基苯酚10-13份、聚乙二醇40022-27份、叔丁醇7-12份、抗氧剂1-3份、清净剂2-5份。
作为本发明进一步的改进,抗氧剂选自二苯胺、对苯二胺、二氢喹啉、三辛酯、三癸酯、三(十二碳醇)酯和三(十六碳醇)酯中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的改进,清净剂选自间乙酰胺基苯酚、对羟基苯酰胺、邻羟基苯酰胺、对甲氧基苯甲酰胺、邻甲酰胺基苯酚、间甲氧基苯酰胺中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的改进,助溶剂选自苯甲酸钠、2-羟基丙烷1,2,3-三羧酸、烟酰胺、乙酰胺、异辛醇、乌拉坦、尿素中的一种或几种。
作为本发明进一步的改进,防腐剂选自苯甲酸、山梨酸、尼泊金酯、乳酸钠、丙酸钙、山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠中的一种或几种。
本发明进一步保护上述一种新型醇基液体燃料的制备方法,按照以下方法制备:按比例称取各原料,将醇用泵打入反应釜,加热至60℃,继续依次添加轻芳烃、甲基硅油、吐温、助溶剂和复配辛烷值提升剂,另将KClO3/KMnO4混合物和防腐剂溶于热水中,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得新型醇基液体燃料。
作为本发明进一步的改进,新型醇基液体燃料与任一传统汽油按照重量比(10-60):100混合均匀后使用。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明通过添加复合添加剂KMnO4和KClO3,燃烧时,KMnO4分解产生MnO2和O2,MnO2加热条件下继续催化KClO3,产生O2,进而在短时间内产生大量的O2助燃,可以大幅度提高燃料的热值,效果明显优于仅添加KMnO4添加剂;
2.本发明添加的复配的辛烷值提升剂,可减小爆震,提升醇基燃料5-7个辛烷值,使用时能够明显节油,经济效益明显,同时不含甲缩醛、N-甲基苯胺、碳酸二甲酯、醋酸仲丁酯等物质,不含锰、铁、铅等金属元素,优化油品的理化性能和燃烧性能,节能环保。
附图说明
图1为新型醇基液体燃料的制备工艺图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所述的实施例只是本发明的部分具有代表性的实施例,而不是全部实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1新型醇基液体燃料的制备
原料组成:
甲醇60份;
轻芳烃20份;
甲基硅油10份;
吐温10份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.1份(KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为10:1);
复配辛烷值提升剂5份;
乌拉坦1份;
双乙酸钠1份;
所述复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料按重量份混合而成:丙二酸酯20份、对羟基苯酚10份、聚乙二醇40022份、叔丁醇7份、二氢喹啉1份、间乙酰胺基苯酚2份。
按照以下方法制备:
按比例称取各原料,将甲醇用泵打入反应釜,加热至60℃,继续依次添加轻芳烃、甲基硅油、吐温、乌拉坦和复配辛烷值提升剂,另将KClO3/KMnO4混合物和双乙酸钠溶于热水中,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得新型醇基液体燃料。
新型醇基液体燃料与97#汽油按照重量比1:10混合均匀后使用。
实施例2新型醇基液体燃料的制备
原料组成:
乙醇90份;
轻芳烃40份;
甲基硅油30份;
吐温20份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物1.5份(KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为20:1);
复配辛烷值提升剂10份;
2-羟基丙烷1,2,3-三羧酸5份;
山梨酸钾3份;
所述复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料按重量份混合而成:丙二酸酯30份、对羟基苯酚13份、聚乙二醇40027份、叔丁醇12份、三(十二碳醇)酯和三(十六碳醇)酯3份、对羟基苯酰胺5份。
按照以下方法制备:
按比例称取各原料,将醇用泵打入反应釜,加热至60℃,继续依次添加轻芳烃、甲基硅油、吐温、2-羟基丙烷1,2,3-三羧酸和复配辛烷值提升剂,另将KClO3/KMnO4混合物和山梨酸钾溶于热水中,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得新型醇基液体燃料。
新型醇基液体燃料与92#汽油按照重量比3:5混合均匀后使用。
实施例3新型醇基液体燃料的制备
原料组成:
甲醇50份、乙醇26份;
轻芳烃32份;
甲基硅油22份;
吐温15份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.7份(KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为16:1);
复配辛烷值提升剂8份;
乙酰胺3份;
丙酸钙1.2份;
所述复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料按重量份混合而成:丙二酸酯25份、对羟基苯酚11份、聚乙二醇40025份、叔丁醇10份、三辛酯2份、对甲氧基苯甲酰胺3份。
按照以下方法制备:
按比例称取各原料,将甲醇和乙醇用泵打入反应釜,加热至60℃,继续依次添加轻芳烃、甲基硅油、吐温、乙酰胺和复配辛烷值提升剂,另将KClO3/KMnO4混合物和丙酸钙溶于热水中,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得新型醇基液体燃料。
新型醇基液体燃料与93#汽油按照重量比55:100混合均匀后使用。
对照例1按照专利ZL 200810079903.8“醇基液体燃料”的配方制备
醇基液体燃料按以下原料配制而成:
甲醇80千克;杂戊醇4千克;叔丁醇0.1千克;水8千克;甘油1千克;助燃剂0.5千克;丁二醇5千克;香精0.3千克;沸石0.1千克;邻苯二甲酸二丁酯0.2千克;腐蚀抑制剂0.5千克。
按比例称取各原料,将各组分用泵打入反应釜,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得醇基液体燃料。
对照例2按照专利ZL 200810152501.6“醇基液体燃料及其制备方法”的方法制备
一种醇基液体燃料,其组成为:1吨燃料中含有甲醇730Kg,碳酸钠5Kg,糠酸3Kg,轻油30Kg,蓖麻油105Kg,石油醚15Kg,炭七或炭八15Kg,杂醇5Kg,过氧化氢10Kg,异丙醇6Kg,异丁醇4Kg,吐温5Kg,樟脑油3Kg,斯盘12Kg,脂肪酸40Kg,乙醇8Kg。其余为水。
按比例称取各原料,将各组分用泵打入反应釜,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得醇基液体燃料。
测试例1性能测试
对本发明实施例1-5制备的新型醇基液体燃料与汽油混合后的醇基汽油和对照例1-2制备的醇基燃料进行性能测试。具体参数及检测方法如下:
抗爆性(辛烷值RON),检测方法GB/T 5487,标准要求:不小于93;
抗爆指数(RON+MON)/2,检测方法GB/T 503,标准要求:不小于88;
车用燃料甲醇含量(体积分数)%,检测方法GB/T 9722,标准要求24.75-25.25;
密度(20℃)/(g/cm3),检测方法GB/T 4472,标准要求0.730-0.760;
铅含量/(g/L),检测方法GB/T 8020,标准要求不大于0.0045;
蒸气压/(kPa),检测方法GB/T 8017,标准要求不大于72;
溶剂洗胶质/(mg/100mL),检测方法GB/T 8019,标准要求不大于5;
未洗胶质/(mg/100mL),检测方法GB/T 8019,标准要求不大于20;
硫含量/(mg/kg),检测方法GB/T 380,标准要求不大于70;
水分(质量分数)/%,检测方法GB/T 6283,标准要求不大于0.20;
铜含量/(g/L),检测方法SH/T 0102,标准要求不大于0.010;
铁含量/(g/L),检测方法SH/T 0712,标准要求不大于0.010。
结果见表1。
表1性能测试结果
由上表可知,本法实施例制备的新型醇基液体燃料与汽油混合后的醇基汽油全部制备达到国家标准要求,相比对照例1-2制备的醇基燃料,具备更好的性能:辛烷值更高(96.6-97.2),抗爆指数更高(95.1-95.3),蒸气压更低(69-70kPa),铅、铜、铁含量更低,硫含量更低(42-46mg/kg),水分含量更低(0.10-0.13%),同时未见有机械杂质,澄清度好。由此可见,本发明制备的新型醇基液体燃料具有更好的应用价值。
本领域的技术人员在不脱离权利要求书确定的本发明的精神和范围的条件下,还可以对以上内容进行各种各样的修改。因此本发明的范围并不仅限于以上的说明,而是由权利要求书的范围来确定的。

Claims (10)

1.一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,由以下原料按照重量份制备而成:
醇60-90份;
轻芳烃20-40份;
甲基硅油10-30份;
吐温10-20份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.1-1.5份;
复配辛烷值提升剂5-10份;
助溶剂1-5份;
防腐剂1-3份;
所述醇为甲醇、乙醇和杂醇及其任一比例的混合物;
所述KClO3/KMnO4混合物中KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为(10-20):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,由以下原料按照重量份制备而成:
醇76份;
轻芳烃32份;
甲基硅油22份;
吐温15份;
KClO3/KMnO4混合物0.7份;
复配辛烷值提升剂8份;
助溶剂3份;
防腐剂1.2份;
所述醇为甲醇、乙醇和杂醇及其任一比例的混合物;
所述KClO3/KMnO4混合物中KClO3和KMnO4的质量比为16:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料混合而成:丙二酸酯、对羟基苯酚、聚乙二醇400、叔丁醇、抗氧剂、清净剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述复配辛烷值提升剂由以下原料按重量份混合而成:丙二酸酯20-30份、对羟基苯酚10-13份、聚乙二醇40022-27份、叔丁醇7-12份、抗氧剂1-3份、清净剂2-5份。
5.根据权利要求3所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述抗氧剂选自二苯胺、对苯二胺、二氢喹啉、三辛酯、三癸酯、三(十二碳醇)酯和三(十六碳醇)酯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求3所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述清净剂选自间乙酰胺基苯酚、对羟基苯酰胺、邻羟基苯酰胺、对甲氧基苯甲酰胺、邻甲酰胺基苯酚、间甲氧基苯酰胺中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述助溶剂选自苯甲酸钠、2-羟基丙烷1,2,3-三羧酸、烟酰胺、乙酰胺、异辛醇、乌拉坦、尿素中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述防腐剂选自苯甲酸、山梨酸、尼泊金酯、乳酸钠、丙酸钙、山梨酸钾、双乙酸钠中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一权利要求所述一种新型醇基液体燃料的制备方法,其特征在于,按照以下方法制备:按比例称取各原料,将醇用泵打入反应釜,加热至60℃,继续依次添加轻芳烃、甲基硅油、吐温、助溶剂和复配辛烷值提升剂,另将KClO3/KMnO4混合物和防腐剂溶于热水中,搅拌均匀后加入反应釜,打开搅拌,继续搅拌30-40分钟,过滤,即得新型醇基液体燃料。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种新型醇基液体燃料,其特征在于,所述新型醇基液体燃料与任一传统汽油按照重量比(10-60):100混合均匀后使用。
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