Gas remote measuring method and device
The patent of the invention is filed by divisional application, the filing date of the original application is 2015, 11 and 25, the filing number is CN201510830103.5, and the invention name is 'gas telemetering device and method'.
Technical Field
The invention relates to photoelectric analysis, in particular to a gas remote measuring device and a method.
Background
Natural gas is a flammable and explosive gas, the main component of which is methane, and the explosion limit is 5% -16%. Explosion accidents caused by gas pipeline leakage occur all over the country in recent years, and great threat is brought to the life and property safety of residents. For this reason, gas companies need to perform regular safety inspection and irregular spot check on leakage of natural gas equipment in natural gas users.
The laser telemeter is a device which is widely used at present and used for telemetering indoor natural gas leakage by a partition window, adopts a Wavelength Modulation Spectrum (WMS) technology, and has the following basic principle: fixing the laser frequency near a certain absorption peak of methane, simultaneously carrying out cosine modulation on the laser frequency, and detecting according to the correlation between the frequency modulation harmonic signal and the gas concentration, thereby obtaining the gas information to be detected on the light path. This type of telemeter has a number of disadvantages, such as:
1. the central wavelength of the laser can generate certain drift along with the temperature change, so that the error of gas concentration measurement can be caused;
2. and the device cannot be used for detecting indoor gas of each floor in a building. For indoor remote measurement with a window, the prior art cannot determine the distance from the glass window to the wall surface, namely cannot obtain the indoor gas content;
for the detection of indoor gas above the second floor of a building, the existing telemeter cannot be used;
3. due to the obstruction of glass, incident laser beams can generate a reflected beam 1 and a reflected beam 2 on the interfaces of two sides of the window glass, interference can be formed between the reflected beams on a detector, and the detection precision of the gas characteristic absorption peak is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the gas telemetering device which is high in precision, low in cost, wide in application field and strong in function.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a gas remote measuring method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(A1) measuring light emitted by a light source is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam, and the wavelength of the measuring light covers the absorption spectral lines of gas to be measured and gas with known concentration;
(A2) the first light beam penetrates through the light deflection module and then enters a region to be detected, and the first detector converts the first light beam absorbed by gas to be detected into a first electric signal and transmits the first electric signal to the processor;
the second light beam passes through the gas with known concentration, and the second detector converts the emitted second light beam into a second electric signal and transmits the second electric signal to the processor;
(A3) the processor obtains the drift of the light source according to the second electric signal, if the drift exceeds the standard, the working parameter of the light source is adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if not, entering the step (A4);
the processor obtains interference signals among the reflected lights of the first light beam on the reflector in the region to be measured according to the first electric signals, if a plurality of interference exceeds the standard, the inclination angle of the light deflection module relative to the incident first light beam is adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if not, entering the step (A4);
(A4) the processor processes the first electric signal according to a spectrum technology, so that the content of the gas to be measured is obtained;
(A5) and if the content C of the gas to be detected is not zero and presents an increasing trend, prompting an alarm, and sending the content information to a communication terminal of the owner.
Further, before the step (a1), a step (B1) of:
shooting a template image by an unmanned aerial vehicle and storing the template image;
shooting an image at a position to be detected by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
extracting angular points of the window on the image, matching the angular points with angular point positions of the window on the template image, and if the positions, mutual angles and distances of the angular points on the image are consistent with those of the template image, successfully positioning;
if the positions, the mutual angles and the distances of the angular points in the images are not consistent with the template images, an angle adjusting instruction is received, the shooting angle is adjusted, the images are shot again and matched with the template images, if the positions, the mutual angles and the distances of the angular points in the images are consistent with the template images, the positioning is successful, and if the positions and the mutual angles and the distances of the angular points in the images are not consistent with the template images, the steps are repeated until the positioning is.
Further, in step (a4), the processor selects a direct absorption spectroscopy technique or a wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy technique to process the first electrical signal.
Further, the light deflection module is adjusted in the following manner:
and adjusting the lengths of at least two distance adjusters arranged on one side of the connecting piece to change the inclination degree of the wedge-shaped transmission device arranged on the other side of the connecting piece relative to the measuring light, so as to adjust the deflection angle of the first light beam after passing through the wedge-shaped transmission device.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a gas telemetry unit, comprising: the gas telemetry device comprises: the wavelength of measuring light emitted by only one light source covers the absorption spectral line of the gas to be measured and the gas with known concentration in the gas pool;
the beam splitting device is used for splitting the measuring light into a first light beam and a second light beam, and the first light beam penetrates through a region to be measured;
a light deflection module which is a transmission device having a wedge angle between a light incident surface and a light emitting surface, the light deflection module being configured to change a traveling direction of the first light beam;
a gas cell through which the second beam passes, the gas cell containing a known concentration of a gas;
the first detector is used for converting the first light beam passing through the area to be measured into a first electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal to the processor;
a second detector for converting a second beam of light passing through the gas cell into a second electrical signal for transmission to a processor;
the processor is used for adjusting the working parameters of the light source so that the drift of the light source corresponding to the second electric signal does not exceed the standard; the light deflection module is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the light deflection module relative to the incident first light beam, so that the interference of the first light beam corresponding to the first electric signal on the reflected light of the reflector in the region to be measured does not exceed the standard.
Further, the gas telemetry device further comprises: unmanned aerial vehicle, light source, first detector and second detector, light deflection module, gas cell are installed unmanned aerial vehicle is last.
Furthermore, the beam splitting device is a half-mirror or a converging lens with a reflecting film plated on a partial area of an incident surface.
Preferably, the processor is arranged in a monitoring room or a monitoring vehicle; the first detector and the second detector wirelessly transmit the output electrical signals to the processor.
As an embodiment, the gas cell and the second detector can be integrated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the output wavelength of the laser is locked at the central wavelength of the absorption peak of the gas to be measured by arranging the feedback light path, so that the wavelength drift is avoided, and the measurement result is more accurate;
monitoring the interference effect between the reflected light beams of the measuring light on the window glass in real time, and adjusting the incident angle of the first light beam on the window glass by adjusting the deflection degree of the first light beam after the noise generated by interference exceeds a threshold value, so as to avoid interference, namely ensure the detection precision;
2. two modes of operation, direct absorption with scanning wavelength (scanning DA) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS), are selectable. The measuring accuracy is high, and the measuring concentration range is wide.
3. Wide application range and safety
The optical system is installed on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the unmanned aerial vehicle flies to different heights, so that the content of indoor gas in different floors is measured through remote measurement, and the application field is expanded; the detection personnel do not need to enter the room, so that the life safety of the detection personnel is ensured;
4. powerful function
The measured content information can be sent to a communication terminal of an owner in real time, the content of indoor gas can be known even outside, natural gas leakage information can be found as soon as possible, and potential safety hazards are eliminated.
Drawings
The disclosure of the present invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. As is readily understood by those skilled in the art: these drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the figure:
FIG. 1 is a primary block diagram of a gas telemetry device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a basic configuration diagram of an optical deflection module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1-2 and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and reproduce the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of teaching the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will be within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.
Example 1:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a basic block diagram of a gas telemetry device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the gas telemetry device comprising:
the wavelength of measuring light emitted by only one light source covers the absorption spectral line of gas to be measured, such as methane and gas with known concentration in the gas pool;
a beam splitting device, such as a half-mirror, and a reflective film coated on a partial region of an incident surface on the converging lens, the beam splitting device being configured to split the measurement light into a first light beam and a second light beam, the first light beam passing through a region to be measured;
a light deflection module such as a transmission device having a wedge angle between a light incident surface and a light emitting surface, the light deflection module for changing a traveling direction of the first light beam;
a gas cell through which the second beam passes, the gas cell containing a known concentration of a gas, such as a known concentration of a gas to be measured or an alternative gas;
the first detector is used for converting the first light beam passing through the area to be measured into a first electric signal and transmitting the first electric signal to the processor;
a second detector for converting a second beam of light passing through the gas cell into a second electrical signal for transmission to a processor;
the processor is used for adjusting the working parameters of the light source to ensure that the drift of the wavelength output by the light source corresponding to the second electric signal does not exceed the standard; the light deflection module is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the light deflection module relative to the incident first light beam, so that the interference of the first light beam corresponding to the first electric signal on the reflected light of the reflector in the region to be measured does not exceed the standard.
In order to detect the content of the gas in the rooms of different floors, the gas telemetering device further comprises:
unmanned aerial vehicle, like many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, light source, first and second detector, light deflection module, gas cell are installed unmanned aerial vehicle is last, and unmanned aerial vehicle flies to different floor height to detect the content of the indoor gas of different floors.
In order to reduce the load capacity of the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to improve the cruising ability of the unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the processor is arranged in a monitoring room or a monitoring vehicle; the first and second detectors wirelessly transmit the output electrical signals to the processor.
The gas telemetering method of the embodiment of the present invention, that is, the working process of the above-mentioned gas telemetering apparatus, includes the steps of:
(A1) measuring light emitted by a light source is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam, and the wavelength of the measuring light covers the absorption spectral lines of gas to be measured and gas with known concentration;
(A2) the first light beam penetrates through the light deflection module and then enters a region to be detected, and the first detector converts the first light beam absorbed by gas to be detected into a first electric signal and transmits the first electric signal to the processor;
the second light beam passes through the gas with known concentration, and the second detector converts the emitted second light beam into a second electric signal and transmits the second electric signal to the processor;
(A3) the processor obtains the drift of the output wavelength of the light source according to the second electric signal, if the drift exceeds the standard, the working parameters of the light source are adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if not, entering the step (A4);
the processor obtains interference signals among the reflected lights of the first light beams on the reflector in the region to be measured according to the first electric signals, if a plurality of interference exceeds a threshold value, the inclination angle of the light deflection module relative to the incident first light beams is adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if the threshold value is not exceeded, entering the step (A4);
(A4) and the processor processes the first electric signal according to a spectral technique so as to obtain the content of the gas to be measured.
In order to extend the detection range of the gas concentration, optionally, in step (a4), the processor selects a direct absorption spectroscopy (processing a high concentration of the gas to be detected) or a wavelength modulation absorption spectroscopy (processing a low concentration of the gas to be detected) to process the first electrical signal.
In order to detect the content of indoor gas of different floors, further, unmanned aerial vehicle carries light source, detector, light deflection module, gas cell fly to the open air, the light that the light source sent is indoor.
In order to reduce the load capacity of the unmanned aerial vehicle so as to improve the cruising ability of the unmanned aerial vehicle, further, the processor is arranged in a monitoring room or a monitoring vehicle; the detector wirelessly transmits the output electrical signal to the processor.
In order to enable the owner to master the indoor safety condition and discover potential safety hazards such as natural gas leakage as soon as possible, the gas remote measuring method further comprises the following steps:
(A5) and if the content C of the gas to be detected is not zero and presents an increasing trend, prompting an alarm, and sending the content information to a communication terminal of the owner.
Example 2:
the gas remote measuring device and the method provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention are applied to natural gas leakage detection in rooms of each floor of a residential building.
In this application, only one light source employs a DFB laser, the wavelength of the measuring light comprising 1651nm (corresponding to the absorption line of methane); modulating the output wavelength by adjusting the driving current and the working temperature of the laser; the beam splitter adopts a semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror; collecting light reflected by the window and the wall by using a converging lens, wherein the converged light is received by a first detector; methane with known concentration is sealed in the gas pool; the unmanned aerial vehicle adopts a Xinjiang unmanned aerial vehicle; laser instrument, detector and light deflection module, gas cell, treater are all installed on unmanned aerial vehicle.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a basic configuration diagram of an optical deflection module of an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, the optical deflection module includes:
a wedge-shaped transmission device 11 having a wedge angle between a light incident surface and a light exit surface through which the first light beam passes is fixed at one side of the connection member 21; at least two distance adjusters 31, 32 are fixed on the other side of the connecting piece; at least two distance adjusters (using a piezoelectric material) are adjustable in length, and the length of the distance adjuster is changed by adjusting a voltage applied to the distance adjuster, thereby adjusting the degree of inclination of the connecting member with respect to the first light beam, that is, adjusting the incident angle of the first light beam with respect to the light incident surface of the wedge-shaped transmission device.
During operation of the telemetry device:
(B1) the unmanned aerial vehicle carries the light source, the detector, the light deflection module, the gas pool and the processor to fly outdoors;
a positioning step: the position of the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to be adjusted, and a template image is shot and stored at a proper detection position outside a first-floor window of a building;
unmanned aerial vehicle climbs a take the altitude, and this altitude is approximately equal to the floor height of building. The altitude of the climb may be controlled by GPS, or the operator may approximate an altitude. After the unmanned aerial vehicle hovers, a camera carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle shoots an image, software extracts corner points of a window on the image (the corner points can be extracted by using a Harris algorithm or other similar image feature extraction algorithms), then the software is matched with the positions of the corner points of the window on the template image, if the positions of the corner points on the image, the mutual angles and the distances of the corner points are basically consistent with the template (three comparison thresholds can be set, and when the positions, the angles and the distances are all smaller than the given thresholds, the angles and the distances are considered to be consistent), the matching is successful, the positioning is indicated to be successful. If the information difference is large, the positioning failure is indicated.
If the positioning fails, the unmanned aerial vehicle is tried to rotate or the carried camera is rotated for a certain angle, the image is shot again, the image is matched with the template image according to the matching method, if the matching is successful, the positioning is successful, and the remote measuring step is carried out.
If the unmanned aerial vehicle and the camera are not successfully adjusted in posture, the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to be adjusted, the unmanned aerial vehicle ascends or descends for a certain distance, and then the steps are repeated until the positioning is successful;
(A1) measuring light emitted by a laser is divided into a first light beam and a second light beam, and the wavelength of the measuring light covers the absorption line of methane;
(A2) the first light beam penetrates through the light deflection module and then penetrates through the window glass to enter the room, and the first detector converts the first light beam reflected after being absorbed by indoor methane into a first electric signal and transmits the first electric signal to the processor;
the second light beam passes through methane with known concentration in the gas pool, and the second detector converts the emitted second light beam into a second electric signal and transmits the second electric signal to the processor;
(A3) the processor processes the second electrical signal to obtain a deviation between a corresponding wavelength and a methane absorption spectrum line when the ratio of the intensity of the methane absorption second harmonic signal to the intensity of the first harmonic signal is maximum (at the position of the methane absorption spectrum line, the ratio of the intensity of the methane absorption second harmonic signal to the intensity of the first harmonic signal is maximum and is stored in the processor in advance), so that a drift of the output wavelength of the light source is obtained, if the drift exceeds a standard, a working parameter of the light source, such as a laser working temperature or a working current, is adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if not, entering the step (A4);
the processor obtains interference signals among the reflected lights of the first light beam on the window glass according to the first electric signals, if a plurality of interference exceeds the standard, the inclination angle of the light deflection module relative to the incident first light beam is adjusted, and the step (A1) is carried out; if not, entering the step (A4);
(A4) the processor selects a direct absorption spectrum technology (for processing high-concentration methane) or a wavelength modulation absorption spectrum technology (for processing low-concentration methane) to process the first electric signal, so as to obtain the content of the methane in the room;
(A5) and if the content C of the methane is not zero and presents an increasing trend, prompting an alarm, and sending content information to the communication terminal of the owner.
Example 3:
the application example of the gas remote measuring device and the method in the embodiment 1 of the invention in natural gas leakage detection in rooms of each floor of a residential building is different from the embodiment 2 in that:
1. the gas pool and the second detector are integrated together, the gas pool is internally sealed with substitute gas, the absorption line of the substitute gas and the absorption line of methane are both in the output wavelength scanning range of the laser, and for the substitute gas with known concentration, the ratio of the intensity of a second harmonic signal absorbed by the gas to the intensity of a first harmonic signal is maximum at the absorption line of the substitute gas, and the maximum value is stored in the processor in advance; in the remote measuring process, the deviation between the corresponding wavelength and the absorption spectrum line of the substitute gas is obtained by analyzing a second electric signal output by the second detector when the ratio of the intensity of the absorption second harmonic signal to the intensity of the first harmonic signal of the substitute gas is maximum, and the drift of the output wavelength of the light source is obtained.
2. A reflection film is coated on a partial region of an incident surface of the light condensing lens so that the measurement light incident to the region is reflected, thereby dividing the measurement light into a first light beam passing through the light condensing lens and a second light beam reflected by the reflection film.
3. The processor is installed in the monitoring vehicle and is in wireless communication with the driving module of the laser and the detector.
The above embodiments are only exemplary to show the case of detecting methane in indoor air, and certainly other gases, such as benzene series, formaldehyde, coal gas, and other toxic and harmful gases, and flammable and explosive gases, may also be used.