CN108907394A - A kind of welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium - Google Patents
A kind of welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium Download PDFInfo
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- CN108907394A CN108907394A CN201811112047.1A CN201811112047A CN108907394A CN 108907394 A CN108907394 A CN 108907394A CN 201811112047 A CN201811112047 A CN 201811112047A CN 108907394 A CN108907394 A CN 108907394A
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- workpiece
- laser cutting
- automobile
- air column
- laser
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/04—Heating appliances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of welding methods of automobile-used steel-aluminium, it is characterised in that：Step 1 provides the first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice；First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and are clamped by step 2；Step 3 provides third workpiece, and third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece；Step 4 provides laser cutting system；Step 5 provides air column spray gun；Step 6 provides ultrasonic vibration installation；Step 7, starting laser cutting system, laser cutting head focus the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiate third workpiece surface；Step 8, starting air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas act on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed；Step 9, starting ultrasonic generator；Step 10 completes welding process.Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has good welding effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding field more particularly to a kind of welding methods of automobile-used steel-aluminium.
Background technique
With the appearance of countries in the world energy-saving and emission-reduction policy, the product of automotive light weight technology design concept and low-carbon environment-friendly is more next
More by the favor of consumer.Steel-aluminum dissimilar metal composite construction is already shown in automobile, the delivery vehicles such as locomotive field
Huge application prospect.Therefore, solving the connection of steel-aluminum dissimilar metal becomes the task of top priority.For steel-aluminum dissimilar metal,
Due to the materials thermophysics of the two, chemical property differs greatly, and can generate a large amount of brittle gold in linkage interface when fusion welding
Compound between category seriously affects the mechanical property of jointing.In order to avoid metallurgy occurs in the liquid state for steel-aluminum dissimilar metal instead
It answers, it has been proposed that being attached with solid welding method, such as friction welding (FW), explosion weldering, diffusion welding (DW), magnetic field impulse weldering etc..These solid-states
Welding method can be realized the connection of dissimilar material, but its smaller scope of application, be difficult to there are various limitations full
Sufficient production application requirement.Such as agitating friction weldering（CN 103894724 B）, there are larger mechanical force inputs in welding process, no
It can be suitably used for the connection of steel in body outer skin-aluminum dissimilar metal bonded lap joints.
In order to realize steel-aluminum dissimilar metal good connection, it has been proposed that welding-braze method, this welding method is to make
The solder wire material melted by heat of aluminium alloy and filling in steel-aluminum dissimilar metal, and at steel in the solid state, i.e., it is to aluminium alloy
Melting welding, and be soldering to steel.For steel-aluminum dissimilar metal banjo fixing butt jointing（106513892 A of CN 102615398 B, CN）, fold
Connector（CN 106624281 A）, may be implemented to connect using this welding method.And it splices and connects for steel-aluminum dissimilar metal
Head, it usually needs improve interface compound phase by addition metallurgical powder（CN 106378530 A）, auxiliary process is more complex.It adopts
It is directly irradiated with laser beam in steel-aluminum dissimilar metal bonded lap joints welding method, can only be melted above bonded lap joints
Steel plate or aluminium sheet, laser beam energy will accumulate in steel-aluminum dissimilar metal and splice interface at this time, thus between generating a large amount of brittle metals
Compound.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim to address brittle intermetallic easily occur in automobile-used steel-aluminium bonded lap joints laser beam welding
The problems such as object, combination interface is small, and strength of joint is low.
1, the present invention provides a kind of welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium, includes the following steps：
Step 1：The first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice are provided, are stamped and formed out on second workpiece along welding track
One penetrating narrow slit removes the impurity of the first workpiece and second workpiece upper and lower surface and narrow slit.
Step 2：First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and clamped.
Step 3：Third workpiece is provided, third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece.
Step 4：Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator, transmission fiber, laser cutting
Head, manipulator, fixed bracket, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber with laser cutting head.
Step 5：Air column spray gun is provided, air column spray gun is fixed on the fixation bracket of laser cutting head.
Step 6：Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece.
Step 7：Start laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiates table on third workpiece
Face.
Step 8：Start air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas acts on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed.
Step 9：Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is narrow under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration
It is sprawled in seam.
Step 10：Laser cutting head is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun, keeps super
Acoustic vibration 1 ~ 2 minute, complete welding process.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the first workpiece and second workpiece are respectively automobile-used aluminium alloy, automotive steel,
First workpiece and second workpiece thickness are 0.8 ~ 1.5mm.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the width d of narrow slit is 0.5 ~ 1.2 mm.
In one embodiment, in step 3, third workpiece is solder plate.
In one embodiment, in step 3, third thickness of workpiece is 1.0 ~ 2.0.
In one embodiment, in step 3, the vertical range H of second workpiece upper surface and third workpiece lower surface is 5
~10m。
In one embodiment, in step 4, in laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam function to be formed
Rate is 1 ~ 2 kW, and cutting speed is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
In one embodiment, in step 5, air column spray tip and laser cutting head are 3 ~ 5 mm at a distance of δ.
In one embodiment, in step 7, motion profile and the seam track of laser cutting head are consistent.
In one embodiment, in step 8, the gas of air column lance ejection is the inert gas of heating, such as argon gas.
In one embodiment, in step 8, the gas pressure of air column lance ejection is 0.5~5kPa.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of equipment of the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium of the embodiment of the present invention and base material arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the welding Longitudinal cross section schematic of automobile-used steel-aluminium in method shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is narrow slit cross-sectional view in method shown in Fig. 1.
Wherein：The first workpiece of 1-, 2- second workpiece, 3- narrow slit, 4- third workpiece, 5- laser generator, 6- transmission fiber,
7- laser beam, 8- laser cutting head, 9- manipulator, the fixed bracket of 10-, 11- air column spray gun, 12- cutting seam, 13- metal drop,
14- weld seam, 15- ultrasonic amplitude transformer, 16- cut forward position.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to attached drawing and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1-3, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of welding methods of automobile-used steel-aluminium to include the following steps：
Step 1：The first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 of the welding that needs to splice are provided, along welding track punching press on second workpiece 2
A penetrating narrow slit 3 is formed, the impurity of the first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 upper and lower surface and narrow slit 3 is removed.
Optionally, the first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 are respectively automobile-used aluminium alloy, automotive steel, the first workpiece 1 and second
2 thickness of workpiece is 0.8 ~ 1.5mm.
Optionally, the width d of narrow slit 3 is 0.5 ~ 1.2 mm.
Step 2：First workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2 are accurately spliced and clamped.
Step 3：Third workpiece 4 is provided, third workpiece 4 is located at the surface of the first workpiece 1.
Optionally, third workpiece 4 is solder plate.
Optionally, third workpiece 4 is with a thickness of 1.0 ~ 2.0mm.
Optionally, the vertical range H of 2 upper surface of second workpiece and 4 lower surface of third workpiece is 5 ~ 10mm.
Step 4：Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator 5, transmission fiber 6, laser cutting
First 8, manipulator 9, fixed bracket 10, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber 6 with laser cutting head 8.
Optionally, in laser cutting system, it is 1 ~ 2 kW, cutting speed that laser cutting head 8, which focuses 7 power of laser beam formed,
Degree is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
Step 5：Air column spray gun 11 is provided, air column spray gun 11 is fixed on the fixation bracket 10 of laser cutting head 8.
Optionally, apart δ is 3 ~ 5 mm for 11 nozzle of air column spray gun and laser cutting head 8.
Step 6：Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer 15 is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece 1.
Step 7：Start laser cutting system, laser cutting head 8 focuses the laser beam 7 formed vertically irradiation third workpiece 4
Upper surface.
Optionally, the motion profile of laser cutting head 8 is consistent with seam track.
Step 8：Start air column spray gun 11, it is molten that the injection inert gas of air column spray gun 11 acts on the metal that laser cutting is formed
Drop 13.
Optionally, the gas that air column spray gun 11 sprays is the inert gas of heating, such as argon gas.
Optionally, the gas pressure that air column spray gun 11 sprays is 0.5~5kPa.
Step 9：Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is narrow under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration
It is sprawled in seam 3.
Step 10：Laser cutting head 8 is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun 11, keeps
Ultrasonic activation 1 ~ 2 minute, complete welding process.
In the present invention, cut third workpiece 4 using high energy laser beam 7 and obtain metal drop 13, metal drop 14 to
Lower movement is fallen into 2 narrow slit 3 of second workpiece, and metal drop 13 realizes metallurgical bonding by heat transfer mode and the first workpiece 1,
And narrow slit 3 is filled up, realize the welded connecting of the first workpiece 1 and second workpiece 2,7 energy of laser beam when avoiding bonded lap joints welding
Amount is gathered in the problem of steel-aluminum dissimilar metal splices interface and generates a large amount of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic things, to improve steel-aluminium
Dissimilar metal bonding strength.
In the present invention, cut third workpiece 4 using high energy laser beam 7 and obtain metal drop 13, metal drop 13 to
The inert gas of lower movement, the heating that air column spray gun 11 sprays impacts metal drop 13, falls into metal drop 13 quick and precisely
In narrow slit 3, molten metal is promoted to sprawl rapidly, avoids agglomerating and blocking cause bead crack.
Claims (7)
1. the present invention provides a kind of welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium, it is characterised in that：
Step 1：The first workpiece and second workpiece of the welding that needs to splice are provided, are stamped and formed out on second workpiece along welding track
One penetrating narrow slit removes the impurity of the first workpiece and second workpiece upper and lower surface and narrow slit；
Step 2：First workpiece and second workpiece are accurately spliced and clamped；
Step 3：Third workpiece is provided, third workpiece is located at the surface of second workpiece；
Step 4：Laser cutting system is provided, laser cutting system has laser generator, transmission fiber, laser cutting head, machine
Tool hand, fixed bracket, laser generator are connected by transmission fiber with laser cutting head；
Step 5：Air column spray gun is provided, air column spray gun is fixed on the fixation bracket of laser cutting head；
Step 6：Ultrasonic vibration installation is provided, ultrasonic amplitude transformer is pressed on the lower surface of the first workpiece；
Step 7：Starting laser cutting system, laser cutting head focuses the laser beam to be formed and vertically irradiates third workpiece surface,
It is cut by laser obtained metal drop to move downward, fall into second workpiece narrow slit, metal drop passes through heat transfer mode and the
One workpiece realizes metallurgical bonding, and fills up narrow slit, realizes the welded connecting of the first workpiece and second workpiece, bonded lap joints is avoided to weld
Laser beam energy is gathered in the problem of steel-aluminum dissimilar metal splices interface and generates a large amount of weld metal zone brittle intermetallic things when connecing, from
And improve steel-aluminum dissimilar metal bonding strength；
Step 8：Start air column spray gun, air column lance ejection inert gas acts on the metal drop that laser cutting is formed, high pressure
Inert gas impacts metal drop, falls into metal drop quick and precisely in narrow slit, molten metal is promoted to sprawl rapidly, avoid coagulating
It is polymerized to block and causes bead crack；
Step 9：Start ultrasonic generator, adjusts ultrasonic frequency, molten metal is in narrow slit under ultrasonic high-frequency vibration
It sprawls；
Step 10：Laser cutting head is moved to final position, closes laser cutting system, closes air column spray gun, keeps ultrasonic wave
Welding process is completed in vibration 1 ~ 2 minute.
2. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, the first workpiece and
Two workpiece are respectively automobile-used aluminium alloy, automotive steel, and the first workpiece and second workpiece thickness are 0.8 ~ 3mm.
3. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 1, the width d of narrow slit is
0.5~1.2 mm。
4. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 3, table on second workpiece
The vertical range H of face and third workpiece lower surface is 5 ~ 10mm.
5. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 4, laser cutting system
In, it is 1 ~ 2 kW that laser cutting head, which focuses the laser beam power to be formed, and cutting speed is 3 ~ 10 m/min.
6. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 5, air column spray tip
With laser cutting head at a distance of δ be 3 ~ 5 mm.
7. the welding method of automobile-used steel-aluminium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step 8, air column lance ejection
Gas pressure be 0.5~5kPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811112047.1A CN108907394B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Steel-aluminum welding method for vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811112047.1A CN108907394B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Steel-aluminum welding method for vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108907394A true CN108907394A (en) | 2018-11-30 |
| CN108907394B CN108907394B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811112047.1A Active CN108907394B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Steel-aluminum welding method for vehicle |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113618223A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-09 | 新兴际华科技发展有限公司 | Magnetic pulse welding method for aluminum-steel pipe fitting of aluminum alloy and matched strength steel |
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| CN107971650A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-01 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of automobile-used steel-aluminium bonded lap joints welding method and system |
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2018
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1440066A (en) * | 2003-03-11 | 2003-09-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Preparation of projective spots for laser welding |
| CN101195183A (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2008-06-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasound wave auxiliary laser braze (fuse) welding method |
| CN106513892A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-22 | 北京工业大学 | Double-beam laser deep penetration brazing method applicable to moderately thick plate aluminum/steel dissimilar alloy connection |
| CN107824972A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-03-23 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal bonded lap joints method for laser welding |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113618223A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-11-09 | 新兴际华科技发展有限公司 | Magnetic pulse welding method for aluminum-steel pipe fitting of aluminum alloy and matched strength steel |
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| CN108907394B (en) | 2021-01-26 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220120 Address after: 410205 No. 229, tongzipo West Road, high tech Development Zone, Changsha, Hunan Patentee after: Hunan hanchenguangjia Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410114 No. 960, Second Section of Wanjiali South Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee before: CHANGSHA University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY |