CN108905964A - 一种活性炭层材料 - Google Patents

一种活性炭层材料 Download PDF

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CN108905964A
CN108905964A CN201810690087.8A CN201810690087A CN108905964A CN 108905964 A CN108905964 A CN 108905964A CN 201810690087 A CN201810690087 A CN 201810690087A CN 108905964 A CN108905964 A CN 108905964A
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active carbon
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pig
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刘家松
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Hongkang Specialized Breeding And Aquaculture Cooperative In Puding County
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Hongkang Specialized Breeding And Aquaculture Cooperative In Puding County
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
    • B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10—Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/107—Ceramic
    • B32B2264/108—Carbon, e.g. graphite particles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种活性炭层，所述炭层结构为在两层网中间，堆积填充活性炭颗粒，利用猪厂废弃粪制备活性炭，通过造粒工艺和烘干工艺获得形貌完成并且具有一定强度的活性炭颗粒；再将活性炭颗粒进行有效堆积，并置于室内环境中进行循环吸附，对养猪场废气如氨基、硫化氢进行吸附，去除大部分有害气体，降低废气排放对环境的影响。本发明减少了污染物的排放，提高了生猪养殖过程中的资源利用率。

Description

一种活性炭层材料
技术领域
本发明属于生猪养殖环境技术领域，尤其涉及利用养殖过程中猪粪制备的活性炭层材料。
背景技术
生猪是畜牧业最大的养殖品种，生猪出栏量占全国总出栏量的比重达到92.06％,我国生猪生产区域化布局形成,优势产区突出。随着畜牧养殖业环保压力的增大,很多畜禽场越来越希望粪尿能够在畜禽场内就进行完全消纳分解,避免粪污外排和外泄对环境造成危害。
生猪养殖过程中产生的粪便、污水、恶臭气体以及病死生猪尸体等污染物,未经无害化处理直接排入环境,将对水体、空气、土壤等产生严重污染。
活性炭是尾气治理、水处理中最重要的材料，目前已经被应用于吸附二甲苯、NOx、CO2等气体，或用作汽车尾气脱硫剂。利用活性炭的吸附和脱吸附原理，可以作为养猪场废气、废水低成本循环治理的最佳选择。
为了减少生猪养殖中的环境污染，利用生猪厂产生的猪粪制备活性炭，用于降低养猪场废气和废水排放对环境的污染，实现高效绿色养殖产业的发展，本发明提供了一种活性炭材料。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种活性炭材料。
本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现。
本发明提供了一种活性炭层，其特征在于：
结构为在两层网中间，堆积填充活性炭颗粒，
所述活性炭的制备步骤包括：
①将集约化养殖过程中收集的猪粪便浸泡发酵12-36h；
②调整粪便含水率，添加膨润土、高岭土、黏土、凹凸棒调节粪便粘度，使其易造粒；
③软颗粒造粒：将步骤②处理后的粪便直接用软颗粒造粒机造粒成形，
④热处理：将上述造粒成的软颗粒进行热处理工艺，制成活性炭颗粒材料；
⑤筛分：将步骤④得到的颗粒材料通过筛分机，得到一定粒径的活性炭颗粒。
所述网为金属网、塑料网,用以作为活性炭材料的支撑层，并且由于具有一定的强度和柔韧性，易于加工的特点，可以作为废水废气治理装置的载体层。例如，所述金属网为不锈钢网或铁丝网，所述塑料网为碳纤维网或塑料纤维网。
所述堆积方式为活性炭颗粒延垂直于网的方向按照层堆积的方式填充，所述层堆积为颗粒粒径逐渐增大的叠加多层或者颗粒粒径大小相互叠加的多层。高效堆积是实现有效吸附废水和废气中有毒有害气体、重金属、有机物的关键。
所述活性炭的粒径范围为0.01mm-10mm。堆积厚度为1-100mm。
所述调节粪便含水率的方式为将已除杂的粪便加水或脱水使粪便含水率达10～70％(重量百分比)。
所述热处理工艺为先在0-30℃下风干1-12h，然后在40-80℃加热1-12h，最后在120-200℃烘干1-12h，使烘干后颗粒形貌基本不变。
热处理的目的是使猪粪颗粒烘干后，其中有机质逐渐碳化，并且保持颗粒的形貌，不发生粉碎。
猪粪的干物质中80.1％为有机物，易分解性有机C为27.3％，半纤维素及纤维素的含量较低，粗脂肪和木质素的含量较高，比较适宜作为活性炭的来源。
发酵后的猪粪中含有大量气体，经造粒干燥后形成多孔结构，这为活性炭吸附污水介质提供了良好的载体；由于猪粪中有机质含量占比近1/3，经过煅烧烘干后的活性炭表面积较大，非常适合于吸附气体处理。本发明通过造粒工艺获得形貌完成并且具有一定强度的猪粪颗粒，经过高温加热，该颗粒碳化。通过造粒可以获得粒径可调的不同粪粒。
本发明通过高效地堆积方式，通过具有一定强度的网层制造了一定结构强度和吸附性能的活性炭层，该炭层不仅可以适用于减少了污染气体的排放，治理养殖场产生的废水污染，还提高了生猪养殖过程中的资源利用率。
附图说明：
图1：活性炭层的俯视图。
图2：活性炭层的侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面进一步描述本发明的技术方案，但要求保护的范围并不局限于。
具体实施方式：如图1和2所示，活性炭层由网材料包裹，上下两层为网，中间填充的活性炭可以按照活性炭颗粒大小交替填充，可以按照图2所示径向上按照粒径大小填充。
实施例1：制作猪厂废气用活性炭吸附剂：
1、收集的猪粪便浸泡发酵24h，加入5％重量分高岭土和凹凸棒调节粘度；
2、然后自然晾晒脱水；使含水率达15％(重量百分比)，搅拌造粒；
3、将调整好含水率和粘度的猪粪用软颗粒造粒机造粒，
4、将上述造粒成的猪粪软颗粒在20℃烘干1h，然后在80℃加热2h，再升温至200℃加热4h；筛分后获得猪粪活性炭颗粒，其可用于猪厂废气的吸附。
实施例2：制作猪厂废气用活性炭层：
1、裁剪2片1m*1m的碳纤维网；
2、选择实施例1筛分过的活性炭颗粒，在碳纤维网上先填充粒径为1mm的活性炭层，再填充粒径为2mm的活性炭层，再填充粒径为3mm的活性炭层，再填充粒径为4mm的活性炭层，在覆盖一层碳纤维网。
3、将得到的活性炭层进行固定，置于养猪场废气吸附。
4、将填充网分布于养猪场屋顶和各排风口附近，每经过1h测量室内固定位置处氨气和硫化氢气体浓度，浓度随测量时间逐渐降低，直至达到平衡值，室内气氛良好。

Claims (6)

1.一种活性炭层，其特征在于：
结构为在两层网中间，堆积填充活性炭颗粒，
所述活性炭的制备步骤包括：
①将集约化养殖过程中收集的猪粪便浸泡发酵12-36h；
②调整粪便含水率，添加膨润土、高岭土、黏土、凹凸棒调节粪便粘度，使其易造粒；
③软颗粒造粒：将步骤②处理后的粪便直接用软颗粒造粒机造粒成形，
④热处理：将上述造粒成的软颗粒进行热处理工艺，制成活性炭颗粒材料；
⑤筛分：将步骤④得到的颗粒材料通过筛分机，得到一定粒径的活性炭颗粒。
2.如权利要求1所述的活性炭层，其特征在于：所述网为金属网、塑料网。
3.如权利要求1所述的活性炭层，其特征在于：所述金属网为不锈钢网或铁丝网，所述塑料网为碳纤维网或塑料纤维网。
4.如权利要求1所述的活性炭层，其特征在于：所述堆积方式为活性炭颗粒延垂直于网的方向按照层堆积的方式填充，所述层堆积为颗粒粒径逐渐增大的叠加多层或者颗粒粒径大小相互叠加的多层。
5.如权利要求1所述的活性炭层，其特征在于：所述活性炭的粒径范围为0.01mm-10mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的活性炭层，其特征在于：所述活性炭层的厚度为1mm-100mm。
CN201810690087.8A 2018-06-28 2018-06-28 一种活性炭层材料 Pending CN108905964A (zh)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017024125A1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 James Lee Ozonized biochar compositions and methods of making and using the same
CN107161975A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-09-15 广东维清环境工程有限公司 一种猪粪生物炭的制作方法
CN107162373A (zh) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-15 福建禹环境科技有限公司 一种基于碳化热解技术的猪粪综合利用方法
CN107382382A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2017-11-24 朱沪生 一种用湿法造粒加工粪便颗粒肥料方法
CN108034470A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 山东绿福地生物科技有限公司 一种利用猪粪制备生物质燃料的方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017024125A1 (en) * 2015-08-06 2017-02-09 James Lee Ozonized biochar compositions and methods of making and using the same
CN107382382A (zh) * 2016-05-16 2017-11-24 朱沪生 一种用湿法造粒加工粪便颗粒肥料方法
CN107161975A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2017-09-15 广东维清环境工程有限公司 一种猪粪生物炭的制作方法
CN107162373A (zh) * 2017-06-21 2017-09-15 福建禹环境科技有限公司 一种基于碳化热解技术的猪粪综合利用方法
CN108034470A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-15 山东绿福地生物科技有限公司 一种利用猪粪制备生物质燃料的方法

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