CN108904816B - 一种荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108904816B
CN108904816B CN201810923020.4A CN201810923020A CN108904816B CN 108904816 B CN108904816 B CN 108904816B CN 201810923020 A CN201810923020 A CN 201810923020A CN 108904816 B CN108904816 B CN 108904816B
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冯进
李春阳
邢永娜
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Abstract

本发明涉及食品纳米技术领域,公开了一种荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白‑海藻酸钠纳米凝胶及其制备方法。所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白‑海藻酸钠纳米凝胶通过如下方法制备:将卵白蛋白溶液(2.0%,w/w)与姜黄素乙醇溶液(4mg/mL)混合,使得姜黄素质量达到卵白蛋白质量的1.0‑5.0%,离心去除不溶物并透析除去乙醇;按照体积比1∶1将卵白蛋白‑姜黄素复合物溶液与海藻酸钠溶液(1.0%,w/w)混合,并用1M乙酸将混合溶液酸化至pH4.0;混合溶液在70℃条件下加热15min后,置于冰浴中冷却至室温备用。所述的纳米凝胶尺寸小、电位高且粒度分布均匀。在模拟消化过程中,卵白蛋白‑海藻酸钠纳米凝胶可以有效保护姜黄素不被降解并实现其缓释控制,从而提高姜黄素的转化率与生物可给率。

Description

一种荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品纳米技术领域,具体涉及一种应用于姜黄素包封的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶制备方法。
背景技术
姜黄素是从姜黄属植物如姜黄、郁金等的根茎中提取得到的一种二酮类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等生理活性。美国国立癌症研究所已经将其列为第三代癌化学预防药。然而,姜黄素的水溶性极低(pH 7.4条件下仅有11ng/mL),在消化道中容易结晶析出,不能充分增溶在胆汁盐胶束中被肠道吸收;另一方面,姜黄素的稳定性极差,口服摄入的姜黄素在人体pH、温度条件下和复杂酶系、肠道菌群的作用下容易发生碱解、共轭以及硫酸化、葡糖糖醛酸化等反应,转化率低。目前,乳液等脂质纳米体系运载是目前提高姜黄素溶解度和口服生物利用度的主要措施。然而,这些载运体系的尺寸一般较大(微米级)且稳定性差。另外,制备上述载体的过程中所涉及高压均质、微射流均质等步骤不仅存在能耗高、设备昂贵等问题,而且容易促进油脂的氧化以及芯材分子的降解。
以天然蛋白质、多糖等生物大分子为壁材构建纳米凝胶为提高脂溶性分子生物利用度提供了新思路。弱酸性条件下,蛋白质与多糖分子通过静电相互作用形成可溶性复合物。此时,加热该复合物可以诱导蛋白质的变性与凝胶化,同时,蛋白质分子和多糖分子可以在氢键、二硫键、疏水相互作用等作用力下组装形成具有三维立体结构的纳米凝胶。纳米凝胶可以将姜黄素分子包埋在网格结构中,从而提高其在消化道中的分散性和稳定性;另外,纳米凝胶的结构在消化过程中逐渐分解,从而实现了姜黄素的缓释控制从而促进了其在胆汁盐胶束中的增溶,提高了其生物可给率。卵白蛋白是鸡蛋白中的主要蛋白成分,而海藻酸钠是从褐藻类的海带或马尾藻中提取碘和甘露醇之后的副产物。采用卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠组合制备纳米凝胶用于姜黄素的运载具有成本低廉、生物相容度高、环境友好等优势。
经查文献及专利,尚未发现卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶用于运载姜黄素的报道。
发明内容
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
步骤1,将卵白蛋白(粉末状,纯度为62-88%)与海藻酸钠(来源于褐藻,浓度2.0%条件下粘度高于2000cP)分别均匀分散在蒸馏水中,浓度分别达到2.0%和1.0%,搅拌均匀后,置于4℃条件下过夜确保水化完全。
步骤2,配置4.0mg/mL的姜黄素乙醇溶液,将上述姜黄素乙醇溶液逐滴加入卵白蛋白溶液中,使姜黄素质量为卵白蛋白质量的1.0-5.0%。
步骤3,将步骤2中得到的卵白蛋白-姜黄素复合溶液在1000g条件下离心10min,去除不溶性物质以及未与卵白蛋白结合的姜黄素。
步骤4,将步骤3得到的溶液密封于1000Da的透析袋中,置于蒸馏水中透析4h,去除体系中的乙醇。
步骤5,按照体积比1∶1将步骤4中得到的卵白蛋白-姜黄素复合溶液与步骤1中的海藻酸钠溶液混合,并在440rpm条件下搅拌30min以确保混合均匀。
步骤6,利用1M乙酸将混合溶液酸化至pH 4.0。
步骤7,将步骤6中的混合溶液置于70℃水浴中加热15min,促进卵白蛋白的变性凝胶化并驱动两种生物大分子的组装。
步骤8,迅速在冰浴中冷却至室温,得到荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:
与目前常用于姜黄素载运的乳液等脂质运载体系相比,卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米复合物未涉及高能量输入步骤(如高压均质、超声分散等)以及合成表面活性剂的使用,因此可以有效降低制备成本和产品对人体的毒副作用;
在纳米凝胶中,蛋白质内核通过氢键和疏水作用力与姜黄素结合,而海藻酸钠吸附层可以将姜黄素与消化道中的不利因素有效隔绝,提高姜黄素转化率40-50%;
由于多糖吸附层的存在,卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的抗消化能力较强,可以实现姜黄素在肠道中的缓释控制并促进其在胆汁盐胶束中的增溶,将姜黄素生物可给率提高30-40%。
附图说明
图1荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的透射电镜观察图
图2荷载姜黄素前后卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的外观图
图3游离姜黄素与纳米凝胶包封姜黄素在模拟消化过程中的降解情况
图4游离姜黄素与纳米凝胶包封姜黄素在模拟消化过程中的生物可给率
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
1.卵白蛋白与海藻酸钠水溶液的制备
精密称取2.0g粉末状卵白蛋白或者1.0g粉末状海藻酸钠置于250mL锥形瓶中,加入100mL蒸馏水,440rpm条件下磁力搅拌4h,置于4℃条件下冷藏过夜,从而得到浓度为2.0%的卵白蛋白溶液和1.0%的海藻酸钠溶液。
2.卵白蛋白-姜黄素复合溶液的制备
精密称取10mg姜黄素粉末(纯度高于65%)溶解于2.5mL乙醇中,从而获得浓度为4.0mg/mL的姜黄素乙醇溶液;准确吸取1mL上述姜黄素溶液,逐滴加入10mL卵白蛋白溶液中,440rpm磁力搅拌1h;将复合物溶液置于1000g条件下离心5min,去除不溶物,并将复合物溶液密封于1000Da透析袋中,置于蒸馏水中透析4h去除乙醇。
3.荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的制备
将上述复合物溶液与10mL海藻酸钠溶液混合,使用1M的乙酸将混合溶液酸化至pH4.0,在70℃水浴中加热15min,并在冰浴中迅速冷却至室温。测得荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的水动力学直径为213.34±11.23nm,ζ-电位为-35.45±2.34mV,PDI为0.15。
4.荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶的表观形貌分析
采用透射电镜观察纳米凝胶的表观形貌。取一滴稀释后的样品置于覆有支持膜的铜网上(200目),自然晾干后,用醋酸双氧铀或者磷钨酸染液对载有样品的铜网复染2min。用滤纸吸走多余的液体后,将样品置于透射电镜下观察并拍照。
5.模拟消化
取10mL荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-葡聚糖纳米凝胶在37℃条件下孵育10min,并与等体积的模拟胃液(pH 3.0,包含0.2%NaCl,0.32%胃蛋白酶)混合,370rpm条件下孵育1h;将消化后的食糜与等体积的模拟肠液(pH 7.0,包含0.30mM CaCl2、30.72mM NaCl、5mg/mL胆汁盐以及8mg/mL胰酶)混合,370rpm条件下孵育2h;将消化后的食糜转移至离心管中,在4℃、15600g离心力下离心30min分离得到透明胶束层。分别取1mL消化后的食糜样品和1mL胶束层样品检测姜黄素浓度,姜黄素的转化率和生物可给率分别用以下公式计算:
转化率(%)=消化后食糜中的姜黄素浓度/消化前姜黄素浓度×100%
生物可给率(%)=胶束层中姜黄素浓度/消化后食糜中姜黄素浓度×100%
数据表明,卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶包封可以将姜黄素的转化率提高41%、生物可给率提高36%。

Claims (9)

1.一种荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其通过如下方法制得:将质量浓度为2.0%(w/w)的卵白蛋白溶液与姜黄素乙醇溶液(4mg/mL)混合,使得姜黄素质量为卵白蛋白质量的1.0-5.0%,离心去除不溶物,并透析去除乙醇;按照体积比1∶1将卵白蛋白-姜黄素复合物溶液与海藻酸钠溶液(1.0%,w/w)混合,并将溶液酸化至pH4.0,高温加热后,冷却至室温备用;
所述纳米凝胶的水动力学直径为200-250nm,ζ-电势为-35--40mV,PDI为0.12-0.25。
2.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,卵白蛋白的纯度高于62%;海藻酸钠来源于褐藻,2.0%浓度条件下粘度高于2000cP;姜黄素的纯度高于65%。
3.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,1000g条件下离心10min去除卵白蛋白-姜黄素复合溶液中的不溶物与未结合姜黄素。
4.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,采用截留分子量为1000Da的透析膜去除乙醇,透析时间为4h。
5.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,使用1M的醋酸溶液将混合溶液调至pH4.0。
6.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,加热条件为70℃下加热15min。
7.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,加热结束后在冰浴中迅速冷却至室温。
8.根据权利 要求1所述荷载姜黄素的卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶,其特征在于,模拟胃肠道消化后,纳米凝胶中姜黄素的转化率和生物可给率分别比未包封姜黄素高40-50%和30-40%。
9.根据权利 要求1-7任一项所述荷载姜黄素卵白蛋白-海藻酸钠纳米凝胶在制备乳制品和功能饮料方面的应用。
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