Serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with easily-adjusted comb structure and picking method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit picking equipment, and particularly relates to a serrated knife cherry automatic picking device with an easily adjustable comb structure and a picking method thereof.
Background
In the automatic picking field of fruit, although relatively perfect automatic picking machines have been had at home and abroad, nevertheless often the size is great, the weight is heavier and be difficult for removing, mainly relies on the mode of shaking trees to obtain the cherry fruit among the picking process, causes the injury to fruit tree and fruit easily, to the fruit grower who possess a large amount of cherry trees, does not bring too much facility. In addition, the high cost often makes it difficult to quickly deploy the device. Therefore, the research on the serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with the easily adjustable comb tooth structure is of great significance.
At present, a few examples are applied in the field of fruit picking, and for example, the patent application with the patent number of 2017113623930 discloses a double-blade cherry picking device. The cherry picking device comprises a handle rod, an annular rod, a net bag, a block body and a cutter body. This device is picked to cherry makes the semicircle board of the arbitrary one side of block detain in the branch lower part of cherry tree through both hands control handle bar, and when promoting the handle bar around, the semicircle cutting edge of semicircle board is cuted the cherry by the root of cherry handle. The above-described embodiments achieve mechanical picking of cherries, but still require one hand to apply pressure to the handle bar to achieve picking, and do not achieve picking automation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with an easily adjustable comb structure and a picking method thereof, aiming at the problems of low automation degree, low efficiency, higher cost, difficulty in picking at high altitude, large workload and the like of the existing cherry picking.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with an easily adjustable comb tooth structure. The serrated knife and comb picking device comprises a shell, a fixed blade and a shearing mechanism. The collecting device is fixed at the top of the telescopic device and is arranged below the shell.
The shell comprises a first side plate, a second side plate, a rear plate, a track plate, a front plate and a bearing seat. The second side plate and the first side plate are arranged in parallel, the rear plate and one guide rail plate are arranged at one end of the second side plate, the front plate and the other guide rail plate are arranged at the other end of the second side plate, two ends of the front plate are respectively fixed with the second side plate and the first side plate, and two ends of the rear plate are respectively fixed with the second side plate and the first side plate; guide rail plates are arranged below the front plate and the rear plate, and two ends of each guide rail plate are respectively fixed with the second side plate and the first side plate; bearing seats are fixed on the second side plate and the first side plate. The first side plate, the second side plate, the rear plate, the front plate and the two track plates surround a channel with only a top inlet and a bottom outlet; the top inlet is provided with a fixed blade, and two ends of the fixed blade are respectively fixed with the first side plate and the second side plate; the bottom outlet is formed by the spacing between the two guide rail plates.
The shearing mechanism comprises a rod sleeve, a motor, a bevel gear, a flange coupler, a transmission shaft, a transmission toothed column, adjusting teeth, a nut, a first spring, a threaded rod, a supporting shaft, a supporting toothed column, a first middle toothed column, a second middle toothed column and a serrated knife. The base of the motor is fixed on the motor base, the rod sleeve is fixed on the motor base, and the top of the telescopic device is sleeved in the rod sleeve; one bevel gear is fixed on an output shaft of the motor, the other bevel gear is fixed on the transmission shaft, and the two bevel gears are meshed to change the transmission direction of the output force of the motor. The transmission shaft is supported on a bearing seat on the first side plate through a bearing; the support shaft is supported on a bearing seat on the second side plate through a bearing. The transmission tooth column is fixedly connected with the transmission shaft through a flange coupler, and the support tooth column is fixed on the support shaft; the transmission shaft and the support shaft are coaxially arranged; a first middle tooth column and a second middle tooth column are arranged between the transmission tooth column and the supporting tooth column, and the distance between every two adjacent tooth columns is equal; the two threaded rods are arranged in parallel at intervals and sequentially penetrate through the through hole of the transmission toothed column, the through hole of the first middle toothed column, the through hole of the second middle toothed column and the through hole of the supporting toothed column; first springs are arranged between the transmission toothed column and the second intermediate toothed column and between the first intermediate toothed column and the support toothed column, two nuts connected with the threaded rod are arranged between the first intermediate toothed column and the second intermediate toothed column, and second springs are arranged between the two nuts; the outer sides of the transmission toothed column and the supporting toothed column are respectively provided with a nut connected with the threaded rod; the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth fixed at the two ends of the transmission toothed column through bolts are 180 degrees different, the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth fixed at the two ends of the first intermediate toothed column through bolts are 180 degrees different, the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth fixed at the two ends of the second intermediate toothed column through bolts are 180 degrees different, and the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth fixed at the two ends of the support toothed column through bolts are 180 degrees different; the adjusting teeth at the same end are arranged at equal intervals, and the angles of the adjusting teeth at the same end and the transmission tooth column are equal; the two serrated knives are arranged at intervals, the phase angle difference is 180 degrees, and the two ends of the serrated knife are respectively fixed with the supporting tooth column and the transmission tooth column.
The telescopic device adopts a telescopic rod.
The collecting device is a collecting barrel, and a side plate of the collecting barrel is fixed at the top of the telescopic device; the bottom plate of the collecting barrel is detachably connected with the side plate.
A plurality of mortises are formed in the first side plate and the second side plate, tenons are made on the rear plate, the track plate and the front plate, and the tenons are inserted into the mortises.
The adjusting teeth are inclined upwards when positioned at the top shearing station.
The method for picking cherries by the serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with the easily adjustable comb structure comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, aiming at cherries growing in different density degrees, the number of assemblies of a first middle tooth column, a second middle tooth column, a nut and a second spring is increased or decreased, or the nut in a serrated knife comb picking device is adjusted, and the spring releasing elasticity when the nut is adjusted automatically adjusts the distance between the corresponding tooth columns at two ends, so that the distance between a transmission tooth column, the first middle tooth column, the second middle tooth column and a supporting tooth column is adjusted; then the angle between the adjusting teeth and the transmission tooth column is adjusted through the elastic bolts, and the adjusting teeth at the same end are synchronously adjusted. Then, aiming at cherries with different heights, the length of the telescopic device is adjusted; and finally, starting a motor, wherein the motor drives a transmission shaft through meshing transmission of the two bevel gears, and the transmission shaft drives the transmission toothed column, the first middle toothed column, the second middle toothed column and the supporting toothed column to rotate so as to drive the adjusting teeth and the serrated knife to rotate.
Step two, aligning the channel of the shell with the cherry, rotating to the adjusting teeth at the top to comb the cherry rootstock, and providing tension for the cherry rootstock; when the serrated knife rotating to the top is close to the fixed blade on the shell, cherry rhizomes are cut off under the combined action of the shearing force of the serrated knife and the tension of the adjusting teeth, and picked cherries fall into a collecting device. Then, the transmission toothed column, the first middle toothed column, the second middle toothed column and the supporting toothed column continuously rotate to drive the adjusting teeth and the serrated knife at the bottom end to rotate to the shearing station at the top.
And step three, repeating the step two for many times, and turning off the motor when the collecting device is filled with the cherries to finish picking the cherries.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the cherry growth density degree, the number of the first middle tooth column, the second middle tooth column, the nut and the second spring can be increased or decreased, or the nut in the serrated knife comb picking device is adjusted, the spring which releases elasticity when the nut is adjusted automatically adjusts the distance between the corresponding tooth columns at the two ends, so that the distance between the transmission tooth column, the first middle tooth column, the second middle tooth column and the supporting tooth column is adjusted; the adjusting teeth can change the inclination angle through the tightening bolts. According to the cherry root and stem combing machine, cherry roots and stems are combed by using the adjusting teeth, the inverted hooks of the adjusting teeth are designed to ensure that cherries are combed in order, and tension is provided for the cherry roots and stems; when the serrated knife which rotates to the top is close to the fixed blade on the shell, cherry rhizomes are cut off under the combined action of the shearing force of the serrated knife and the tension of the adjusting teeth. The fruit picking machine is small in size, low in cost, movable, liftable, full in picking and collecting, not prone to damage fruits, suitable for orchards, convenient for fruit growers to pick in daily life, capable of improving picking efficiency and saving a large amount of time and manpower. Therefore, the invention has great potential value in the technical field of fruit picking equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the overall construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side perspective view of the housing and stationary blade of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is another side perspective view of the housing and stationary blade of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an assembled perspective view of the housing and the serrated knife comb picking device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the structure of the serrated knife comb picking device in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the spacing adjustment of the serrated knife comb picking device according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with the easily adjustable comb tooth structure comprises a telescopic device, a collecting device and a serrated knife comb tooth picking device. Wherein, telescoping device is a telescopic link 1, can adjust the length of telescopic link 1 according to actual need. The collecting device is arranged below the comb tooth picking device. The collecting device is a collecting barrel 2, and a side plate of the collecting barrel 2 is fixed at the top of the telescopic rod; the bottom plate of the collecting barrel 2 is detachably connected with the side plate; the serrated knife comb picking device comprises a shell, a fixed blade 5 and a shearing mechanism.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the housing is composed of a first side plate 3, a second side plate 6, a rear plate 4, a track plate 7, a front plate 8 and a bearing seat. The second side plate 6 and the first side plate 3 are arranged in parallel, the rear plate 4 and one guide rail plate 7 are arranged at one end of the second side plate 6, the front plate 8 and the other guide rail plate 7 are arranged at the other end of the second side plate 6, two ends of the front plate 8 are respectively fixed with the second side plate 6 and the first side plate 3, and two ends of the rear plate 4 are respectively fixed with the second side plate 6 and the first side plate 3; guide rail plates 7 are arranged below the front plate 8 and the rear plate 4, and two ends of each guide rail plate 7 are respectively fixed with the second side plate 6 and the first side plate 3; bearing seats 21 are fixed on the second side plate 6 and the first side plate 3. The first side plate 3, the second side plate 6, the rear plate 4, the front plate 8 and the two track plates 7 enclose a channel with only a top inlet and a bottom outlet; the top inlet is provided with a fixed blade 5, and two ends of the fixed blade 5 are respectively fixed with the first side plate 3 and the second side plate 6; the bottom outlet is formed by the space between the two guide rail plates 7; picked cherries fall through the channel from the top entrance and into the collection bucket 2. In order to reduce the use of screws and nuts, a plurality of mortises are formed in the first side plate 3 and the second side plate 6, tenons are made on the rear plate 4, the track plate 7 and the front plate 8, and the tenons are inserted into the mortises in a tenon joint mode.
As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the shearing mechanism comprises a rod sleeve 9, a motor 10, a bevel gear 12, a flange coupling 13, a transmission shaft 14, a transmission toothed column 15, an adjusting tooth 16, a nut 17, a first spring 18, a threaded rod 19, a support shaft 20, a support toothed column 22, a first middle toothed column 23, a second middle toothed column 25 and a serrated knife 24. The base of the motor 10 is fixed on the motor base 11, the rod sleeve 9 is fixed on the motor base 11, and the telescopic rod 1 is sleeved in the rod sleeve 9; one of the bevel gears 12 is fixed on the output shaft of the motor 10, the other bevel gear 12 is fixed on the transmission shaft 14, and the two bevel gears 12 are meshed to change the transmission direction of the output force of the motor. The transmission shaft 14 is supported on a bearing seat on the first side plate 3 through a bearing; the support shaft 20 is supported by bearings on bearing seats on the second side plate 6. The transmission tooth column 15 and the transmission shaft 14 are fixedly connected through a flange coupler 13, and the support tooth column 22 is fixed on the support shaft 20; the transmission shaft 14 is coaxially arranged with the support shaft 20; a first middle tooth post 23 and a second middle tooth post 25 are arranged between the transmission tooth post 15 and the supporting tooth post 22, and the distance between every two adjacent tooth posts is equal; the two threaded rods 19 are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the threaded rods 19 sequentially pass through the through holes of the transmission toothed columns 15, the through holes of the first middle toothed columns 23, the through holes of the second middle toothed columns 25 and the through holes of the supporting toothed columns 22; first springs 18 are arranged between the transmission toothed column 15 and the second middle toothed column 25 and between the first middle toothed column 23 and the support toothed column 22, two nuts 17 connected with a threaded rod are arranged between the first middle toothed column 23 and the second middle toothed column 25, and second springs are arranged between the two nuts 17; the outer sides of the transmission toothed column 15 and the supporting toothed column 22 are respectively provided with a nut 17 connected with a threaded rod; the distance between every two adjacent tooth columns can be adjusted by rotating the nut 17 on the threaded rod 19, and the spring which releases elasticity during adjustment can automatically adjust the distance between the corresponding tooth columns at two ends. The phase angles of the two adjusting teeth 16 fixed at the two ends of the transmission toothed column 15 through bolts are 180 degrees, the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth 16 fixed at the two ends of the first middle toothed column 23 through bolts are 180 degrees, the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth 16 fixed at the two ends of the second middle toothed column 25 through bolts are 180 degrees, and the phase angles of the two adjusting teeth 16 fixed at the two ends of the support toothed column 22 through bolts are 180 degrees; the adjusting teeth at the same end are arranged at equal intervals, and the angles of the adjusting teeth 16 at the same end and the transmission tooth column 15 are equal; the two serrated knives 24 are arranged at intervals, the phase angle is 180 degrees, and two ends of the serrated knife 24 are respectively fixed with the supporting tooth column 22 and the transmission tooth column 15.
The method for picking cherries by the serrated knife cherry auxiliary picking device with the easily adjustable comb structure comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, aiming at cherries growing in different density degrees, the number of assemblies of a first middle tooth column 23, a second middle tooth column 25, a nut 17 and a second spring is increased or decreased, or the nut 17 in the serrated knife comb picking device is adjusted, and the spring releasing elasticity when the nut 17 is adjusted can automatically adjust the distance between the corresponding tooth columns at two ends, so that the distance between the transmission tooth column 15, the first middle tooth column 23, the second middle tooth column 25 and the support tooth column 22 is adjusted; then the angle between the adjusting teeth 16 and the transmission tooth column 15 is adjusted through the elastic bolts, and the adjusting teeth 16 at the same end are synchronously adjusted. Then, aiming at cherries with different heights, the length of the telescopic rod 1 is adjusted; finally, the motor 10 is started, the motor 10 drives the transmission shaft 14 through the meshing transmission of the two bevel gears 12, and the transmission shaft 14 drives the transmission toothed column 15, the first middle toothed column 23, the second middle toothed column 25 and the supporting toothed column 22 to rotate, so that the adjusting teeth 16 and the serrated knife 24 are driven to rotate.
Step two, aligning the channel of the shell with the cherry, rotating the adjusting teeth 16 at the top to comb the cherry rootstock and provide tension for the cherry rootstock; when the serrated knife 24 rotating to the top is close to the fixed blade 5 on the shell, cherry rootstocks are cut off under the combined action of the shearing force of the serrated knife 24 and the pulling force of the adjusting teeth 16 (each cherry rootstock is stretched by two adjacent adjusting teeth), and picked cherries fall into the collecting barrel 2. Then, the transmission toothed column 15, the first middle toothed column 23, the second middle toothed column 25 and the supporting toothed column 22 continue to rotate, the adjusting teeth 16 and the serrated knife 24 at the bottom end are driven to rotate to the top shearing station, and the shearing efficiency is improved.
And step three, repeating the step two for many times, and when the collecting barrel 2 is filled with cherries, turning off the motor 10, and opening the bottom plate of the collecting barrel 2 to finish picking the cherries.