CN108897140B - Vortex optical topological charge number 4-fold doubling device based on spiral phase plate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vortex optical topological charge number 4-fold device based on a spiral phase plate. The device comprises a laser, a first convex lens, a second convex lens, a polarizer, a depolarization beam splitter prism, a polarization beam splitter prism, a spiral phase plate, a quarter wave plate, a first reflector, a CCD (charge coupled device) and a second reflector. Firstly, after a laser generates Gaussian beams, collimating the beams by a collimating system consisting of two convex lenses, and polarizing by using a polarizing film; then, the first topological charge doubling is completed through a depolarization beam splitter prism, a polarization beam splitter prism and a spiral phase plate; the second topological charge multiplication is completed after the light is reversely incident to the spiral phase plate through the quarter-wave plate and the first reflector; then, the third topological charge doubling is completed through a second reflector, a polarization beam splitter prism and a spiral phase plate; finally, the fourth topological charge doubling is completed after the light is reversely incident to the spiral phase plate through the quarter-wave plate and the first reflector; the doubled vortex light is transmitted into the CCD through the polarization beam splitter prism and the depolarization beam splitter prism to observe the vortex light intensity distribution. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high conversion efficiency, belongs to the field of vortex optical preparation, and can be applied to vortex optical rotation preparation with large topological charge number.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vortex optical topological charge number 4-fold device based on a spiral phase plate. Vortex light is a special light field with a spiral wave front, and a spiral phase plate is a transparent optical diffraction element used for preparing vortex rotation. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high conversion efficiency, belongs to the field of vortex optical preparation, and can be applied to vortex optical rotation preparation with large topological charge number.
Technical Field
Vortex light is a special light field with a hollow dark nucleus, carrying orbital angular momentum. The angular phase factor exp (il θ) in the vortex light expression characterizes the spiral phase distribution of vortex light, where l is the topological charge number and θ is the azimuth angle. Since Allen et al discovered 1992 that vortex light carries orbital angular momentum, many scientists have developed studies around vortex rotation. Vortex spinning has nowadays important applications in several fields, such as quantum communication technology, optical particle manipulation, optical measurements, optical imaging, etc.
Spiral Phase Plates (SPP) are a common type of optical diffraction element for producing vortex rotation. In 1994, Berjersbgen et al used SPP to project a beam of TEM00The gaussian beam becomes a vortex beam with a helical phase profile. In 1996, Turnbull et al implemented the transition from the hermite-gaussian mode to the laguerre-gaussian mode in the millimeter band using SPP. In recent years, many scientists have developed various studies around SPP, in 2017, the sarganic interferometer and the spiral phase plate are combined to prepare a vector beam, and in 2018, the spiral phase plate-zone plate is used by c.l.zhang et al to prepare a long-focus deep vortex beam. In addition, the method and process for manufacturing the SPP have been greatly developed, in 2011, high-order spiral phase plates are manufactured by utilizing a laser direct writing technology by fangjon et al, in 2015, a photoelectric technology research institute of the academy of Chinese sciences successfully prepares high-continuity spiral phase plates with topological charge numbers of 1, 3, 10 and 20, and in 2016, in y.chen et al, vortex beams with millimeter-band wavelengths are prepared by combining a lens and the spiral phase plates.
The topological charge number is one of important parameters of vortex rotation, and the preparation of the vortex light with large topological charge number has important practical significance. In quantum communication, the encoding degree of information is limited by the size of topological charge, and the size of the information carried by a light beam is directly determined by the topological charge of vortex light; in the field of optical particle manipulation, the hollow dark nucleus radius is increased by improving the vortex optical rotation topological charge number, so that the limitation of the volume and the area of the manipulated particles is broken; in the field of optical measurement and imaging, the improvement of the topological charge number is beneficial to improving the detection precision and sensitivity. The device utilizes the spiral phase plate to control the polarization state of the vortex light beam, realizes 4-fold doubling of the topological charge number of the vortex light by only using one spiral phase plate, greatly improves the utilization rate of the spiral phase plate, and provides a new idea for preparing the vortex light with large topological charge number.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the defect that the existing spiral phase plate can only prepare vortex optical rotation with specific topological charge number, the device for doubling the topological charge number of vortex optical by 4 times based on the spiral phase plate is provided, has simple structure, low cost and high conversion efficiency, belongs to the field of vortex optical preparation, and can be applied to the preparation of the vortex optical rotation with large topological charge number.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the invention relates to a vortex optical topological charge number 4 double device based on a spiral phase plate, which comprises a laser 1, a first convex lens 2, a second convex lens 3, a polarizer 4, a depolarization beam splitter prism 5, a polarization beam splitter prism 6, a spiral phase plate 7, a quarter wave plate 8, a first reflector 9, a CCD 10 and a second reflector 11. By combining the polarizer 4, the polarization beam splitter prism 6, the quarter wave plate 8 and the first reflecting mirror 9 and controlling the linear polarization direction of the vortex optical rotation, the vortex optical rotation can be totally reflected by the polarization beam splitter prism 6 in the 4-fold period, the conversion efficiency cannot be reduced by the transmission polarization beam splitter prism 6, and the conversion efficiency theoretically reaches 100%.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
(1) vortex rotation topological charge doubling principle
Suppose that in the exit plane (x) of the spiral phase plate0,y0) The vortex light expression of (a) is:
where ω is the vortex light radius, l1The number of topological charges corresponding to the SPP. The beam propagation can be obtained according to the Fresnel diffraction integral theoremA distance z1At the viewing screen (x)1,y1) The expression of (a):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
T(x1,y1,z1；x0,y0,z00) is the fresnel diffraction integral operator, and the expression is:
when the vortex light is reflected by the reflector, the propagation distance z2The expression then becomes:
the light beam reversely transmits the spiral phase plate to obtain the factor exp (-il) of the spiral phase plate1θ). As it propagates z3After the distance, the Fresnel diffraction integral formula is also utilized to obtain the light beam on the observation screen (x)2,y2) The expression of (a) is:
after simplification, the following can be obtained:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the principle is that the spiral phase plate is used for doubling the topological charge of the vortex light. By comparing in expression (1)
The item (6) and
it can be seen that the vortex optical rotation direction after doubling is opposite to the rotation direction of the first transmission spiral phase plate, but the topological charge number is doubled.
(2) Principle of vortex light polarization state conversion
If the polarization direction of the polarizer is coincident with the transmission direction of the polarization splitting prism, no reflection occurs when the Gaussian beam transmits the polarization splitting prism for the first time, and the Gaussian beam with the polarization state of linear polarization is completely transmitted.
The light beam passes through the quarter-wave plate through the spiral phase plate, then the polarization state is changed into circular polarization, the light beam is reflected by the reflector to keep the circular polarization state but the polarization direction is opposite, then the light beam passes through the quarter-wave plate again, then the polarization state is changed into linear polarization from circular polarization, but the polarization direction is vertical to the polarization direction when the light beam passes through the quarter-wave plate for the first time.
Therefore, when the light beam reversely passes through the polarization beam splitter prism, the light beam is changed from the previous total transmission into the total reflection, the polarization direction is not changed after passing through the reflector, and the third and fourth times of vortex light doubling are carried out after the light beam is reflected by the polarization beam splitter prism along the original light path.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme of the invention has the main advantages that:
(1) the light path is concise, and the high precision requirement on the building of the light path is not required.
(2) The method has low cost, and the same spiral phase plate can be repeatedly utilized to multiply the topological charge.
(3) The conversion efficiency is high, and the device greatly improves the conversion efficiency of preparing vortex rotation by controlling the polarization state.
(4) The defect that once the matrix spiral phase plate is manufactured, only vortex rotation with specific topological charge number can be generated is effectively overcome, and a reliable method is provided for flexible use of the spiral phase plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a vortex optical topological charge number 4 double doubling device based on a spiral phase plate;
FIG. 2 is a graph of vortex light simulated light intensity distribution with topological charge numbers of 4, 8, 12 and 16 after 4-fold doubling;
FIG. 3 is a graph of simulated relative intensity of vortex rotation at 4-fold with topological charge numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, as a function of propagation distance;
FIG. 4 is a graph of beam radius versus propagation distance simulation for vortex rotation in 4-fold with topological charge numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a graph of vortex light intensity distribution with topological charge numbers of 4, 8, 12, 16 after 4-fold doubling;
FIG. 6 is an interference diagram of vortex optical rotation and plane wave with topological charge numbers of 4, 8, 12 and 16 after 4-fold doubling;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of vortex light interference with topological charge numbers of-8 and-16.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The implementation object of the invention is a spiral phase plate, the schematic diagram of the device is shown in figure 1, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
first, a gaussian beam with a wavelength of 632.8nm is generated by a laser 1, and the beam is collimated by a double-lens system, i.e., a first convex lens 2 and a second convex lens 3, and the spot radius is enlarged, so that phase information can be obtained as much as possible when the beam passes through a spiral phase plate.
Then, the polarizer 4 is used for polarizing, and since the polarization beam splitter prism transmits the P-polarized light and reflects the S-polarized light, the polarizer angle needs to be adjusted so that the light beams passing through the polarizer 4 and the depolarization beam splitter prism 5 completely transmit the polarization beam splitter prism 6.
After the linearly polarized gaussian beam transmits through the spiral phase plate 7, a spiral phase factor exp (il θ) is obtained, and the topological charge number is l. The polarization state is changed into a circular polarization state from linear polarization through the quarter-wave plate 8 which is set to be 45 degrees, the circular polarization direction of the light beam is changed after the light beam passes through the first reflector 9, the polarization state is changed into linear polarization after the light beam reversely transmits through the quarter-wave plate 8 and is orthogonal to the linear polarization direction during incidence, and meanwhile, the topological charge number of the vortex light is changed into-l.
Then, the light beam reversely transmits the spiral phase plate 7 to obtain a spiral phase factor exp (-il θ), and the topological charge number is-2 l. Since the polarization direction is orthogonal to the incident light, the vortex light is totally reflected into the second reflecting mirror 11 when passing through the polarization beam splitter prism 6.
The second reflector 11 does not change the polarization direction of the vortex light, the vortex light is reflected and then transmits the spiral phase plate 7 for the third time according to the original light path, the topological charge number is increased to 3l, the initial polarization direction is recovered after passing through the quarter-wave plate 8 and the first reflector 9, and finally the topological charge number is changed to-4 l when the spiral phase plate 7 is reversely transmitted, and the topological charge number is reversely transmitted through the polarized light splitting prism 6 and enters the depolarizing light splitting prism 5 to be observed by the CCD.
A simulation model is built for the device, the double doubling of the spiral phase plate 4 with the topological charge number of 1-4 is simulated, the transmission distance is set to be 2m, and after the double doubling of 4 in the graphs from 2(a) to (d), vortex light intensity simulation distribution with the topological charge number of 4, 8, 12 and 16 is obtained. It can be concluded that under the same propagation distance, the larger the topological charge number of the prepared vortex light, the more dispersed the intensity distribution, and the lower the relative intensity, the larger the radius of the hollow dark nucleus.
Assuming that the maximum value of vortex light intensity in the cross section is the beam intensity value during propagation, and the circle where the maximum value of vortex light intensity is located is the vortex light radius at that time. The transmission distance is set to be 0.1-2 m, the initial topological charge number of the doubled vortex light is 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, and a change curve of relative intensity of the four-beam vortex optical rotation along with the transmission distance in the 4-fold process is simulated, as shown in fig. 3. Simulation results show that the smaller the initial topological charge number is, the slower the relative intensity drop rate is. In addition, the relative intensity change rate of the 4-beam vortex optical rotation in the doubling process does not change suddenly due to the transmission spiral phase plate, and the trend of smoothness is kept. The curve of the beam radius as a function of the propagation distance is shown in fig. 4. Simulation results show that the larger the initial topological charge number is, the larger the divergence speed of the beam radius is. Similarly, the change rate of the beam radius of the 4-beam vortex optical rotation in the doubling process is not changed suddenly due to the transmission spiral phase plate, and the trend of smoothness is kept.
A vortex optical rotation topological charge number 4 doubling device is used, a doubling experiment is carried out on a spiral phase plate with a topological charge number of 1-4, the prepared vortex light intensity distribution is shown in figures 5(a) - (d), the relative intensity and radius of vortex light are reduced along with the increase of the topological charge number, and the experiment is basically consistent with a simulation structure. Corresponding interference patterns with plane waves are shown in fig. 6(a) - (d), and the topological charge numbers of the prepared vortex light are respectively 4, 8, 12 and 16 according to the fork interference patterns.
As shown in fig. 5(a) - (d), the doubled beam of the low-order SPP has good quality, but it is obvious from fig. 6(d) that, in addition to the reference light and the vortex rotation with the topological charge number of 16, other components participate in interference, so that a ring-shaped interference fringe with the interference fringe number of 8 appears simultaneously on the basis of the fork-shaped interference fringe, which affects the quality of doubling.
There are three main factors. First, since the PBS is not fully reflective in the strict sense when the first reverse pass through the SPP to reach the PBS, a portion of the vortex light with a topological charge number of-8 is transmitted through the PBS, and forms a ring interference pattern with an interference fringe number of 8 with the vortex rotation with a topological charge number of-16. As shown in fig. 7.
Secondly, the reference light selected here is not a plane wave in a strict sense, but a gaussian beam, and the gaussian beam at the non-light waist also generates an annular interference fringe when interfering with vortex light with topological charge number of-8 due to the curvature of the wave surface. Finally, in the process of continuously doubling the vortex optical rotation with the topological charge number of-16, not only the intensity distribution of the vortex optical rotation is more dispersed due to the doubled topological charge number, but also the vortex optical component with the topological charge number of-8 cannot be ignored due to certain loss in the transmission process, so that the annular interference pattern for the interference between the vortex optical component with the topological charge number of-8 and the reference Gaussian light is more obvious.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the details of the present invention not described in detail herein are well within the skill of those in the art.
Claims (1)
1. The utility model provides a 4 device of doubly doubling of vortex optical topological charge number based on spiral phase board, it includes laser instrument (1), first convex lens (2), second convex lens (3), polarizer (4), depolarization beam splitter prism (5), polarization beam splitter prism (6), spiral phase board (7), quarter wave plate (8), first speculum (9), CCD (10), second mirror (11), its characterized in that: the laser (1) generates a Gaussian beam with the wavelength of 632.8nm, and the beam is collimated through the first convex lens (2) and the second convex lens (3); then the light beam passing through the polarizer (4) and the depolarization beam splitter prism (5) completely transmits through the polarization beam splitter prism (6); after the linearly polarized Gaussian beam transmits through the spiral phase plate (7), a spiral phase factor is obtained, and at the moment, the topological charge number is l; the polarization state is changed into a circular polarization state from linear polarization through a quarter-wave plate (8) which is set to be 45 degrees, and the circular polarization direction of the light beam is changed after the light beam passes through a first reflector (9), so that the polarization state is changed into linear polarization after the light beam reversely transmits through the quarter-wave plate (8), the linear polarization direction is orthogonal to the linear polarization direction during incidence, and the topological charge number of the vortex light is changed into-l; then, the light beam reversely transmits the spiral phase plate (7), the topological charge number is-2 l, and since the polarization direction is orthogonal to the incident time, the vortex light is totally reflected into the second reflecting mirror (11) when passing through the polarization splitting prism (6); after reflection, the spiral phase plate (7) is transmitted for the third time according to the original light path, the topological charge number is increased to 3l, the initial polarization direction is recovered after the reflection by the quarter-wave plate (8) and the first reflector (9), and finally the topological charge number is changed to-4 l when the spiral phase plate (7) is transmitted reversely, and the topological charge number is transmitted reversely by the polarization beam splitter prism (6) and enters the depolarization beam splitter prism (5) to be observed by the CCD.
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