CN108896935B - Method for measuring magnetic field by inducing grating deformation through ultrasonic pulse - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring a magnetic field by inducing grating deformation through ultrasonic pulses, which comprises the following steps: a) the lap joint optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system comprises a section of optical fiber with a continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator and a demodulator, wherein the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is provided with a plurality of sections of gratings, grids of each section of grating are uniformly distributed, and the gratings are arranged at the same interval; b) placing the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system in a magnetic field to be measured, and recording the distance between the off-peak deviation main peak collected by the demodulator; c) comparing the distance between the off-peak deviation main peak in the step b) with the relation curve of the distance between the off-peak deviation main peak along with the change of the magnetic field intensity to obtain the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity.
Description
The application is filed on 2016, 04, 08 and under the application number CN201610217021.8, and is named as a divisional application of a method for measuring a magnetic field based on grating deformation induced by ultrasonic pulses.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber gratings, in particular to a method for measuring a magnetic field by inducing grating deformation through ultrasonic pulses.
Background
Generally, the purpose of measurement is to obtain information about a study object, perform corresponding processing, and then control the object, and this functional operation is a sensing technology. The basic working principle of the optical fiber sensor is that light from a light source is sent into a modulator through an optical fiber, so that after interaction between a parameter to be measured and the light entering a modulation area, the optical properties (such as the intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, partial normal and the like) of the light are changed, namely modulated signal light, and the modulated signal light is sent into an optical detector through the optical fiber and demodulated to obtain the parameter to be measured. In recent years, sensors have been developed toward sensitivity, accuracy, adaptability, compactness, and intelligence. In this process, fiber optic sensors are favored as new members of this family of sensors. Optical fibers have many excellent properties, such as: the performance of anti-electromagnetic interference and atomic radiation, the mechanical properties of thin diameter, soft quality and light weight; insulating, non-inductive electrical performance; the water-resistant, high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant composite material has the chemical properties of water resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, can play the role of human ears and eyes in places (such as high-temperature regions) which can not be reached by people or regions (such as nuclear radiation regions) which are harmful to people, can exceed the physiological limit of people, and can receive external information which can not be felt by human senses. With the development and maturation of dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM technology, erbium-doped fiber amplifier EDFA technology and optical time division multiplexing OTDR technology, the fiber communication technology is developing towards ultra-high speed, high capacity communication systems, and gradually evolving towards all-optical networks. Under the drive of rapid development of optical communication, the optical fiber sensor plays an important role in strain measurement of materials, and measurement of magnetic fields, temperature occasions and solution refractive indexes.
However, the conventional optical fiber sensor only surrounds the light source and changes in the material of the optical fiber itself to improve the accuracy of the sensor, which is greatly limited.
Therefore, there is a need for a method of measuring a magnetic field by inducing grating deformation by a method of efficiently coupling ultrasonic waves in an optical fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method of measuring a magnetic field using ultrasonic pulse induced grating deformation, which in one aspect comprises the steps of:
a) the lap joint optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system comprises a pumping source, a first optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a section of optical fiber with continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator and a demodulator, wherein one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end, the ultrasonic generator is provided with a transmitting probe, the transmitting probe is fixed with the spherical tail end, and the demodulator is connected with the other end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating; the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is provided with a plurality of sections of gratings, the gratings of each section are uniformly distributed, and the intervals between the gratings are the same;
b) placing the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system in a magnetic field to be measured, and recording the distance between the off-peak deviation main peak collected by the demodulator;
c) comparing the distance between the off-peak and the main peak in the step b) with a relation curve of the distance between the off-peak and the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field strength to obtain the magnitude of the magnetic field strength, wherein the relation curve of the distance between the off-peak and the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field strength is obtained through calibration, and the calibration comprises the following steps:
(1) bonding the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating with a controllable magnetic telescopic material;
(2) the pumping source emits light waves to enter the first optical fiber, and the ultrasonic generator emits ultrasonic waves to enter the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating;
(3) recording the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak collected at the moment t of the demodulator;
(4) gradually increasing the intensity of the magnetic field intensity, repeating the processes from the step (2) to the step (3), and recording the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak caused by different magnetic field intensities acquired by the demodulator at the same time t in the step (3);
(5) and fitting a relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak along with the change of the magnetic field intensity.
In one aspect, in the method for measuring a magnetic field, the spherical end is a bead sintered from the end of the optical fiber, and the bead is fixed to the ultrasonic probe through silica gel.
In one aspect, in the method for measuring a magnetic field, a sound guiding paste is coated between the small ball and the ultrasonic probe, and the sound guiding paste is made of a photoacoustic matching material and used for coupling sound waves into an optical fiber.
In one aspect, in the method for measuring a magnetic field, the ultrasonic wave in step (2) propagates in the form of a longitudinal wave, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave is greater than the grid length of the grating.
In one aspect, the ultrasonic wave has a wavelength of 1cm to 2 cm.
In one aspect, in the method for measuring a magnetic field, the increasing of the magnitude of the magnetic field in the step (4) stretches, bends, vibrates or squeezes the magnetostrictive material.
In one aspect, the method of measuring a magnetic field, wherein the curve of the variation of the distance from the peak to the main peak with the change of the magnetic field is fitted by linear fitting or least squares.
In another aspect, the invention provides a fiber sensor measuring system of the method for measuring a magnetic field, the measuring system comprising a pump source, a first optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a length of optical fiber with a continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator and a demodulator;
one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end;
the ultrasonic generator is provided with a superjet probe, the transmitting probe is fixed with the spherical tail end, the demodulator is connected with the other end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating, the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is provided with a plurality of sections of gratings, grids of each section of gratings are uniformly distributed, and the gratings are arranged at the same interval.
According to the method for measuring the magnetic field based on the ultrasonic pulse induced grating deformation, the grating grid is deformed by coupling the ultrasonic wave into the grating optical fiber, so that off-peaks are formed on two sides of the main peak of the light wave.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.
Drawings
Further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a fiber optic sensor measurement system for measuring a magnetic field according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the present invention with a continuous uniform grating fiber;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a fiber-coupled ultrasound wavefront grid of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a reflection spectrum of a fiber-coupled pre-ultrasonic pulse of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic of a fiber-coupled ultrasound postgrid of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates the off-peak of the fiber of the present invention under the effect of ultrasonic pulses;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the deviation of the off-peak from the main peak at different magnetic fields according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of the magnetic field from the main peak separation distance according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows a fiber optic sensor measurement system for measuring magnetic fields in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a method for measuring a magnetic field based on grating deformation induced by ultrasonic pulses, in the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the system for measuring a fiber sensor of a magnetic field in the embodiment comprises a pumping source 101, a first optical fiber 102, a wavelength division multiplexer 103, a section of optical fiber 106 with a continuous uniform grating 108, an ultrasonic generator 105 and a demodulator 104; one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end; the spherical end is a small sphere 107 formed by sintering the end of the optical fiber; the ultrasonic generator is provided with an ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe and the small ball 107 at the tail end of the optical fiber are fixed through silica gel. An acoustic guiding paste is applied between the ultrasound probe and the ball 107, which acts as an acoustic matching material to enable the coupling of acoustic waves into the optical fiber. The demodulator 104 is connected to the other end of the optical fiber 106 with the continuous uniform grating 108 for collecting the reflection spectrum of the optical fiber.
The principle of ultrasonically induced grating deformation is described in detail below:
as shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber with continuous uniform grating according to the present invention is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber with continuous uniform grating, in which the optical fiber with continuous uniform grating is composed of multiple sections of fiber gratings 108 with the same parameters in series or directly distributed with continuous uniform grating.
When the light emitted by the pump source 101 passes through the grid of the distributed continuous uniform grating fiber in the embodiment of the present invention, the grid 108a of the fiber is not mechanically deformed, as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram of the fiber-coupled ultrasonic wavefront grid of the present invention. The light wave passes through the grating fiber completely, and the demodulator 104 collects the reflection spectrum of the grating fiber, and the reflection spectrum has a main peak, as shown in fig. 4, which is the reflection spectrum of the fiber-coupled ultrasonic pre-pulse of the present invention.
When the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ultrasonic generator 105 is coupled into the optical fiber through the acoustic paste between the ultrasonic probe and the sintered ball 107 at the end of the optical fiber, simultaneously, the light emitted by the pumping source 101 enters the first optical fiber 102 and is coupled into the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating through the wavelength division multiplexer 103. The ultrasonic wave propagates forward in the optical fiber in the form of longitudinal wave, and when the ultrasonic wave propagates to the nth grating, it induces the grid 108b of the optical fiber to undergo mechanical deformation, and when the ultrasonic wave leaves the nth grating, the mechanical deformation is recovered, as shown in fig. 5, which is a schematic diagram of the optical fiber coupled ultrasonic wave aftergrid of the present invention. In the present invention, the wavelength of the transmitted ultrasonic wave is longer than the length of the grating fiber, and when the ultrasonic wave completely passes through the nth grating, the reflection spectrum collected by the demodulator 104 will have two off-peaks at the two ends of the main peak, such as the off-peak of the fiber of the present invention shown in fig. 6 under the action of the ultrasonic pulse.
The method of measuring the magnetic field by off-peak in this example is described in detail below:
lap joint optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system:
constructing an optical fiber sensor system for measuring a magnetic field, wherein the system comprises a pumping source 101, a first optical fiber 102, a wavelength division multiplexer 103, a section of optical fiber 106 with continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator 105 and a demodulator 104; one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end; the spherical end is a small sphere 107 formed by sintering the end of the optical fiber; the ultrasonic generator is provided with an ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe and the small ball 107 at the tail end of the optical fiber are fixed through silica gel. An acoustic guiding paste is coated between the ultrasound probe and the bead, which acts as an acoustic matching material to enable the coupling of acoustic waves into the optical fiber. The demodulator 104 is connected with the other end of the optical fiber 106 with the continuous uniform grating and is used for collecting the reflection spectrum of the optical fiber.
Carrying out magnetic field calibration on the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system:
the optical fiber 106 with the continuous and uniform grating is attached to the controllable magnetic telescopic material 109, Epoxy Resin (Epoxy Resin) or acrylate is selected as an adhesive, the grid region of the grating optical fiber is fixed on the surface of the material in an attaching mode, and the material is placed in a magnetic field environment. The pumping source 101 emits light waves into the first optical fiber 102, the ultrasonic generator 105 emits ultrasonic waves, which are coupled into the optical fiber 106 with a continuous and uniform grating through the acoustic paste between the ultrasonic probe and the sintered ball 107 at the end of the optical fiber, the ultrasonic waves propagate forward in the grating optical fiber in the form of longitudinal waves, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves is longer than the grid length of the grating optical fiber, preferably, in the embodiment, the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator 105 is 1cm-2 cm. The light waves in the first optical fiber 102 are coupled to an optical fiber 106 with a continuous uniform grating by a wavelength division multiplexer 103. And recording the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak collected by the demodulator at the moment t.
Changing the magnetic field strength value H of the magnetic field 110 by means of a magnetic field controller1Thereby causing the magnetostrictive material 109 to change, recording the distance s between the off-peak and the main peak caused by the magnetic field collected by the demodulator at the same time t1The magnetostrictive material 109 can be modified by stretching, compressing, or bending the material by changing the strength of the magnetic field 110, with stretching being preferred in this embodiment. Repeating the above process, and recording different magnetic fields H2、H3、…HnThe distance s between the off-peak and the main peak collected by the corresponding demodulator at the same time t2、、s3…snFIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the deviation of the main peak from the peak in different magnetic fields. And fitting a relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field, wherein the curve fitting can adopt least square linear fitting, as shown in formula 1.
y＝ax+b (1)
The curve fitting may also be a least squares fit, and the fitted curve may be derived from equations (2) and (3) below.
Solving the system of equations to obtain a0And a1An approximation function satisfying the square approximation condition can be constructed.
f(x)＝a0+a1x (4)
The off-peak deviation main peak spacing curve with the change of the magnetic field obtained by the embodiment of the invention is fitted as shown in FIG. 8.
Measuring the magnetic field to be measured:
the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system is attached to the magnetic telescopic material and placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the distance s of the off-peak deviation from the main peak collected at the moment t is recorded, and the distance s of the off-peak deviation from the main peak is compared with a calibrated relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak of the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system along with the change of the magnetic field intensity, so that the strain magnitude of the material is obtained.
Example two:
compared with the first embodiment, the magnetic field intensity of the inhomogeneous magnetic field is measured in the embodiment.
Lap joint optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system:
as shown in the embodiment of fig. 9, the fiber sensor system for measuring a magnetic field is constructed by a pumping source 201, a first optical fiber 202, a wavelength division multiplexer 203, a section of optical fiber 206 with a continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator 205 and a demodulator 204; one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end; the spherical end is a small sphere 207 formed by sintering the end of the optical fiber; (ii) a The fiber with the continuous uniform grating is formed by connecting multiple sections of fiber gratings 208 with the same parameters in series or directly distributing the continuous uniform grating, in this embodiment, the grating fiber manufactured by preferably adopting the mode of distributing the continuous uniform grating has multiple sections of gratings, each section of grating grids are uniformly distributed, and the intervals between the gratings are the same. The ultrasonic generator is provided with an ultrasonic probe, and the ultrasonic probe and the small ball 207 at the tail end of the optical fiber are fixed through silica gel. An acoustic guiding paste is coated between the ultrasound probe and the bead, which acts as an acoustic matching material to enable the coupling of acoustic waves into the optical fiber. The demodulator 204 is connected with the other end of the optical fiber 206 with the continuous uniform grating and is used for collecting the reflection spectrum of the optical fiber.
Carrying out magnetic field calibration on the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system:
the optical fiber 206 with continuous and uniform grating is attached to the controllable magnetic telescopic material 209, Epoxy Resin (Epoxy Resin) or acrylate is selected as an adhesive, the grid region of the grating optical fiber is fixed on the surface of the material in an attaching mode, and the material is placed in a magnetic field environment. The pumping source 201 emits light waves into the first optical fiber 202, the ultrasonic generator 205 emits ultrasonic waves, which are coupled into the optical fiber 206 with a continuous and uniform grating through the acoustic paste between the ultrasonic probe and the sintered ball 207 at the end of the optical fiber, the ultrasonic waves propagate forward in the form of longitudinal waves in the grating optical fiber, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves is longer than the grid length of the grating optical fiber, preferably, in the embodiment, the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic generator 205 is 1cm-2 cm. The light wave in the first fiber 202 is coupled by a wavelength division multiplexer 203 to a fiber 206 with a continuous uniform grating. And recording the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak collected by the demodulator at the moment t.
Changing the magnetic field strength value H of the magnetic field by the magnetic field controller 2101Thereby causing the magnetostrictive material 209 to change, recording the distance s between the off-peak and the main peak caused by the magnetic field collected by the demodulator at the same time t1The magnetostrictive material 209 can be changed by stretching, compressing, or bending the material by changing the strength of the magnetic field, with stretching being preferred in this embodiment. Repeating the above process, and recording different magnetic fields H2、H3、…HnThe distance s between the off-peak and the main peak collected by the corresponding demodulator at the same time t2、、s3…snAnd completing the calibration of the magnetic field measurement system of the optical fiber sensor, as shown in fig. 7, the schematic diagram of the invention for deviating the main peak from the peak under different magnetic fields. And fitting a relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field, wherein the curve fitting can adopt least square linear fitting, as shown in formula 1.
y＝ax+b (1)
The curve fitting may also be a least squares fit, and the fitted curve may be derived from equations (2) and (3) below.
Solving the system of equations to obtain a0And a1An approximation function satisfying the square approximation condition can be constructed.
f(x)＝a0+a1x (4)
The off-peak deviation main peak spacing curve with the change of the magnetic field obtained by the embodiment of the invention is fitted as shown in FIG. 8.
Measuring the magnetic field to be measured:
the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system is attached to the magnetic telescopic material and placed in a magnetic field to be measured, the distance s of the off-peak deviation from the main peak collected at the moment t is recorded, and the distance s of the off-peak deviation from the main peak is compared with a calibrated relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak of the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system along with the change of the magnetic field intensity, so that the strain magnitude of the material is obtained.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for measuring a magnetic field by inducing deformation of a grating using ultrasonic pulses, the method comprising the steps of:
a) the lap joint optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system comprises a pumping source, a first optical fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a section of optical fiber with continuous uniform grating, an ultrasonic generator and a demodulator, wherein one end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is a spherical tail end, the ultrasonic generator is provided with a transmitting probe, the transmitting probe is fixed with the spherical tail end, and the demodulator is connected with the other end of the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating; the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating is provided with a plurality of sections of gratings, the gratings of each section are uniformly distributed, and the intervals between the gratings are the same;
the spherical tail end is a small ball formed by sintering the tail end of the optical fiber, and the small ball and the transmitting probe are fixed through silica gel; a sound guiding paste is coated between the small ball and the transmitting probe, and the sound guiding paste is a photoacoustic matching material and is used for coupling sound waves into an optical fiber;
b) placing the optical fiber sensor magnetic field measurement system in a magnetic field to be measured, and recording the distance between the off-peak deviation main peak collected by the demodulator;
c) comparing the distance between the off-peak and the main peak in the step b) with a relation curve of the distance between the off-peak and the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field strength to obtain the magnitude of the magnetic field strength, wherein the relation curve of the distance between the off-peak and the main peak along with the change of the magnetic field strength is obtained through calibration, and the calibration comprises the following steps:
(1) bonding the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating with a controllable magnetic telescopic material;
(2) the pumping source emits light waves to enter the first optical fiber, and the ultrasonic generator emits ultrasonic waves to enter the optical fiber with the continuous uniform grating; the ultrasonic wave propagates in the form of longitudinal wave, and the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave is larger than the grid length of the grating;
(3) recording the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak collected at the moment t of the demodulator;
(4) gradually increasing the intensity of the magnetic field intensity, repeating the processes from the step (2) to the step (3), and recording the distance of the off-peak deviation from the main peak caused by different magnetic field intensities acquired by the demodulator at the same time t in the step (3);
(5) and fitting a relation curve of the distance of the off-peak deviation main peak along with the change of the magnetic field intensity.
2. A method of measuring a magnetic field according to claim 1 wherein the ultrasonic wavelength is 1cm-2 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein increasing the magnitude of the magnetic field in step (4) stretches, bends, vibrates, or squeezes the magnetostrictive material.
4. A method of measuring a magnetic field according to claim 1 wherein the curve relating the separation of the off-peak from the main peak as a function of magnetic field is fitted by linear fitting or by least squares fitting.
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| CN201610217021.8A CN105629185B (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | A method of based on ultrasonic pulse induction grating deformation for measuring magnetic field |
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| CN105629185B (en) | 2018-07-20 |
| CN105629185A (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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