CN108896453A - A kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter - Google Patents

A kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter Download PDF

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CN108896453A
CN108896453A CN201810644726.7A CN201810644726A CN108896453A CN 108896453 A CN108896453 A CN 108896453A CN 201810644726 A CN201810644726 A CN 201810644726A CN 108896453 A CN108896453 A CN 108896453A
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CN108896453B (en
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丁红兵
李鸣
李一鸣
王超
李金霞
张哲晓
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Tianjin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0205Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/32Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow using swirl flowmeters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of adjustable mist flow experimental systems of multi-parameter, including gas source module, flow control valve, vortex-shedding meter, water tank, metering pump, frequency converter, atomization mixing section, liquid film collection device, light extinction method granulometer and throttle valve, wherein, the air that gas source module provides is measured via atomization mixing section, gas phase flow rate is sent into after flow control valve by vortex-shedding meter;The water that water tank provides, after the adjusting of metering pump and frequency converter using high pressure nozzle after be atomized after formed micron order drop enter atomization mixing section, water flow is controlled by metering pump, metering pump is by frequency modulation and the combination of stroke two ways is adjusted to carry out flow adjusting, and wherein frequency is continuously adjusted by frequency converter;Gas phase and liquid phase are after atomization mixing section forms mist flow, into liquid film collection device, control and metering by throttle valve to capacity, via in pipeline after liquid film collection device size droplet diameter and concentration measured by light extinction method granulometer.

Description

A kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter
Technical field
The invention belongs to gas-liquid two-phase flow parameter measurement fields, are related to a kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter.
Background technique
Biphase gas and liquid flow is widely present in modern industrial equipment.A kind of important flow pattern of the mist flow as biphase gas and liquid flow, It is discrete phase by continuous phase, liquid phase of gas phase, liquid phase is largely or entirely with drops by Vapor Entrainment.It is usually used in putting out a fire In device, various engine chambers and underwater propulsion unit, industrial equipment is transported containing rate etc. in flow, mass dryness fraction, pressure drop, section Capable safety, economic and energy saving are of great significance [1].
Due to the importance of misty flow pattern in the industrial production, people have carried out deeply fog flow and its flow measurement Research.For the research of fog flow, people's common concern two phase pressure drop [2], section contain rate, droplet deposition, flow stability [3] and gas volume fraction [4] etc..About the flow measurement of mist flow, mainly there are partition method and On-line Measuring Method, wherein benefit It is widely used with the method that traditional single phase flow instrument carries out on-line measurement, but in two phase flow, liquid phase can be to flow measurement spy Property produces bigger effect, and need to carry out to it specific aim amendment [5].For the studies above, either theoretical modeling or Numerical-Mode It is quasi-, it requires real flow and is verified, and find new problem that may be present.
At present major part mist flow experiment be all to be carried out on multi-phase flow apparatus, wherein gas-liquid two-phase multi-pass cross injector into Row mixing [5]-[8].Mist flow is formed in injector and needs stringent condition, and drop is deposited along Cheng Yi, this is by shadow Ring the formation of mist flow pattern.In addition, most of mist flow experiments are progress [5] [6] [8] under normal pressure, pressure change is had ignored Influence to flow measurement causes correction model adaptability to be deteriorated, can not fundamentally solve the problems, such as flow correction.For mist The parameter regulation of flow pattern intercouples between parameters again since its affecting parameters is more, this adjusts and control to flow parameter Manufacture into difficulty.
Bibliography
[1] hero is paid, Wei Yingjie, Zhang Jiazhong wait the misty biphase gas and liquid flow field computation analysis Harbin [J] work in jet pipe Industry college journal, 2010,42 (9):1363-1368.
[2] Wu Ning, Su Shuchun, Ge Tiehui wait the analysis mould of horizontal wellbore variable mass gas-liquid two-phase annular space mist flow pressure drop Type [J] petroleum geology and engineering, 2001,15 (2):35-37.
[3] Gao Qinghua, Li Tiantai, Zhao Yajie wait the Changjiang river pit shaft biphase gas and liquid flow Simulation On Flow Characteristics experimental study [J] College journal (from section's version), 2014 (14):84-87.
[4] Fang Lide, Zhang Tao, Xu Ying wait using U-tube measurement low-voltage ring mist flow and liquid beam annular fluid product gassiness Rate [J] Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2008,59 (5):1131-1135.
[5] vortex-shedding meter mist flow measurement model [J] the Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering of Jia Yunfei, hole Naruhito based on wave theory, 2009,60(3):601-607.
[6]Nederveen N Washington G V Batstra F H Wet gas flow measurement[A] SPE Annual Technical Conference[C]San Antonio TX 1989.
[7]Andrew Hall,Richard Steven.A discussion on vortex meter technologies with wet gas flows.7th South Easr Asia Hydrocardon Flow Measurement Workshop,5th-7th March,2008.
[8]Jia Y F,Zhang T,Zhang Q P.An experimental study of vortex flowmeter used in wet gas[J].Jiliang Xuebao/acta Metrologica Sinica,vol 30 (3),pp.225-229,2009.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter, which can form stable mist Shape flow pattern, and gas phase flow rate, pressure and concentration of liquid drops are accurately controlled.For this purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter, including gas source module, flow control valve, vortex-shedding meter, storage Water pot, metering pump, frequency converter, atomization mixing section, liquid film collection device, light extinction method granulometer and throttle valve, wherein
The air that gas source module provides is via atomization mixing section is sent into after flow control valve, gas phase flow rate is by vortex-shedding meter Metering;
Water tank provide water, after the adjusting of metering pump and frequency converter using high pressure nozzle after be atomized after formed it is micro- Meter level drop enters atomization mixing section, and water flow is controlled by metering pump, and metering pump is by frequency modulation and adjusts the combination of stroke two ways Flow adjusting is carried out, wherein frequency is continuously adjusted by frequency converter;
Gas phase and liquid phase are after atomization mixing section forms mist flow, into liquid film collection device, by throttle valve to exhaust The control and metering of amount, liquid film collection device realizes the complete collection to liquid film, via the liquid in pipeline after liquid film collection device Drop partial size and concentration are measured by light extinction method granulometer;
To realize that the adjusting to fog flow parameter passes through flow control valve and throttle valve using multivariable control system Pressure-flow coupling control is divided into two parts by combination:Pressure-flow regulating valve control section and flow-throttle valve control portion Point, Feedforward-feedback control is used to pressure and flow, to eliminate the interference of gaseous pressure and flow to concentration of liquid drops;If R3(s) For concentration of liquid drops setting value, Gc3It (s) is consistency controller, GffIt (s) is feedforward controller, GvIt (s) is frequency converter and metering pump, Gp3It (s) is liquid film collection device, H3It (s) is light extinction method granulometer, Gd1(s) and Gd2It (s) is disturbance channel transfer function, Y3 It (s) is concentration of liquid drops measured value, e3It (s) is concentration of liquid drops setting value and measured value deviation, feed-forward signal is present in concentration control Device Gc3(s) after, to overcome gaseous pressure Y1(s) and flow Y2(s) to the perturbation action of concentration of liquid drops, feedback control overcomes The influence of the not measurable disturbance of other in circuit, finally makes concentration of liquid drops reach setting value R3(s)。
Preferably, liquid film collection device, including infiltration collection system, flow control system and metering weighing system three Point, wherein
Permeate collection system, including porous permeable pipeline, casing, blowdown valve, triple valve, control valve, the porous infiltration The interlude of saturating pipeline is porous section, is located in casing, offers deflector hole in the lower part of casing, penetrated by porous section After fluid is flowed out via deflector hole, triple valve, then the water storage container for weighing system via weighing balance is entered after control valve are first flowed through, After carrying out gas-liquid separation in water storage container, gas is measured and is discharged through flow control system, and liquid is then stored in water storage container; The external world is led to by blowdown valve in the other end of triple valve;
Flow control system includes suspended body flowmeter and exhaust valve, and by the discharge of exhaust valve control gas, capacity is by floating Subflow meter is measured.
Porous section is made of porous filter core agglomerated material.Measuring weighing system includes water storage container, bung, desiccant, branch Frame, electronic scale, drain valve, water storage container are fixed by the bracket in the top of electronic scale, into water storage container gas by bung The conduit of connection is discharged, into flow control system.
It substantive distinguishing features of the invention and has the beneficial effect that:
1) pass through atomization hybrid mode.Air is provided by gas source module, and pressure and air mass flow are by regulating valve and throttle valve Combination control, 0.1~0.7MPa of pressure regulation spectrum, 5~25m of flow adjustment range3/h.Flowmeter is carried out by vortex-shedding meter Amount, calibration measurement accuracy are ± 1.0%.Water is provided by water tank, and water flow is accurately controlled by metering pump, and range of flow is 0~17L/h, calibration measurement accuracy are ± 2.0%.Micron order drop after hydraulic spray is atomized, in mixing section and air-flow It is mixed.The circuit design of mixing section is mixed to avoid the drop sprayed from directly hitting tube wall at DN50 sections, Expanding later is DN100, guarantees that drop is sufficiently mixed with gas phase, subsequent caliber is tapered to reduce to DN15 experimental section.It is received by liquid film Acquisition means, the liquid film formed to droplet deposition separate, and carry out size droplet diameter and drop by Particle Sizing by Multi-spectral Light Extinction instrument later Measurement of concetration.
2) it on the basis of the above experimental provision, to realize the accurate adjusting to fog flow parameter, designs based on PLC's Multivariable control system.It is combined by regulating valve and throttle valve, pressure-flow coupled system is divided into two parts:Pressure-adjusting Valve control system and flow-throttle valve control system, to reach the quick adjusting of pressure, flow.Gaseous pressure and flow can shadows The deposition process of drop is rung, and then influences the concentration of liquid drops of mist flow.Using Feedforward-feedback control, gaseous pressure and stream are eliminated The interference to concentration of liquid drops is measured, to realize quick, the accurate adjusting of concentration of liquid drops.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1:The adjustable mist flow experimental system structure chart of multi-parameter
Fig. 2:It is atomized mixing section structure chart
Fig. 3:Liquid film collection device structure chart
Fig. 4:Fog flow parameter control system block diagram
Fig. 5:Spedding flow pattern
Fig. 6:Control system block diagram
Specific embodiment
In order to further appreciate that feature of the invention, technological means and specific purposes achieved, function, tie below Closing attached drawing, detailed description of the preferred embodiments.
The adjustable mist flow experimental system structure chart of multi-parameter of the invention mainly includes gas source module 1, stream referring to Fig. 1 Adjustable valve 2, vortex-shedding meter 3, water tank 4, metering pump 5, frequency converter 6, atomization mixing section 7, liquid film collection device 8, delustring Method granulometer 9, throttle valve 10 etc..Air is provided by gas source module 1, and air mass flow and pressure are by flow control valve 2 and section Flow the combination control of valve 10,5~25m of flow adjustment range3/ h, 0.1~0.7MPa of pressure regulation spectrum.Gas phase flow rate is by vortex street stream Meter 3 measures, and calibration measurement accuracy is ± 1.0%.Water is provided by water tank 4, and water flow is accurately controlled by metering pump 5. Metering pump is by frequency modulation and the combination of stroke two ways is adjusted to carry out flow adjusting, and wherein frequency is continuously adjusted by frequency converter 6. It is 0~17L/h that metering pump 5, which controls liquid phase range of flow, and it is fixed to fail to be sold at auction in fact through calibration system, and measurement accuracy is ± 2.0%.Water and sky Gas enters atomization mixing section 7, using hybrid mode is directly atomized, mist flow is formed, into liquid film collection device 8.By to row The accurate control of tolerance and metering, liquid film collection device 8 can realize the complete collection to liquid film.Size droplet diameter and concentration in pipeline It is measured by light extinction method granulometer 9.
Mixing section structure chart is atomized referring to fig. 2, using directly atomization hybrid mode, using hydraulic spray 11 by liquid phase mist Micron order drop is turned to, and is mixed in vertical pipe with air-flow.The Type Selection Principle of hydraulic spray is:According to desired drop grain Diameter determines the corresponding pressure limit of different model nozzle, determines the corresponding range of flow of nozzle further according to pressure limit, to guarantee Size droplet diameter can reach requirement of experiment under different flow.In order to avoid the drop of spray orifice directly hits tube wall, at nozzle Nozzle is placed vertically downward, and it is DN50 that caliber is expanding by DN15.Expanding after DN50 pipeline is DN100, is guaranteed Drop is sufficiently mixed with gas phase, and subsequent caliber is tapered to reduce to DN15, into mist flow experimental section.
Liquid film collection device structure chart referring to Fig. 3, mainly include bolt hole 8-1, flange 8-2, porous permeable pipeline 8-3, Transparent casing 8-4, blowdown valve 8-5, triple valve 8-6, control valve 8-7, clip 8-8, water storage container 8-9 and drain valve 8-10, it floats Subflow meter 8-11, exhaust valve 8-12, clip 8-13, bung 8-14, desiccant 8-15, liquidometer 8-16, clip 8-17, bracket 8-18 and electronic scale 8-19.The porous permeable middle section pipeline 8-3 is porous section, is welded for convenience of with flange 8-2, before porous section Afterwards it is stainless steel section, welding material is avoided to block permeability hole.While guaranteeing liquid film collecting effect, to avoid droplets from liquid film Pipeline is oozed out, porous section is made of porous filter core agglomerated material, and aperture is 100 μm.To prevent porous section of blocking, blowdown valve is designed 8-5, to carry out periodical blowdown to porous permeable pipeline 8-3.When blowdown, swivel tee valve 8-6 opens blowdown valve 8-5, makes blowdown It holds to down blow, dirt is avoided to fall into deflector hole.Exhaust valve 8-12 is opened, device connection is extraneous, and pressure is ambient air Pressure oozes out liquid film from porous section with the two phase flow pressure initiation osmotic pressure in pipeline.To avoid transparent casing 8-4 ponding from making It is collected not exclusively at liquid film, opens two deflector holes in the lower part transparent casing 8-4, be located at the two sides transparent casing 8-4.It collects To be air and water mixture, enter water storage container through control valve 8-7, after gas-liquid separation, air is connected by bung 8-14 Conduit discharge, by exhaust valve 8-12 control air displacement, capacity is measured by suspended body flowmeter 8-11, and teletransmission number According to.To avoid liquid from being discharged with air, the place in water storage container 8-9 close to top is equipped with desiccant 8-15, for absorbing sky Drop in gas.For convenience of replacement components, using detachable bung.The liquid film of collection is stored in water storage container 8-9, can be led to Cross the liquidometer 8-16 observation liquid level outside container.To avoid the gravity center shift of container from causing the measurement error of electronic scale 8-19, External container mounting bracket 8-18, is fixed with pedestal.To realize to the automatic collection of liquid film quality, using can teletransmission data electricity Sub- scale.The variation for recording electronic scale 8-19 output quality in a period of time, can be calculated the average flow rate for being collected liquid film.For Collect liquid film completely, the control strategy used for:Initial exhaust amount is set, and pressure, temperature and differential pressure to system etc. are equal After stabilization, the average flow rate in current slot is measured.After increasing capacity according to certain rule, average flow rate is calculated again. Measurement result twice is compared, if difference is less than 5%, then it is assumed that liquid film is all collected, otherwise continues to increase exponentially capacity.When When liquid is excessive in container, drain valve 8-10 is opened, liquid is discharged.For convenience of disassembly and installation, pipeline by clip 8-8, 8-13,8-17 connection.
The multi-parameter based on PLC is devised based on the above experimental provision to realize the accurate adjusting to fog flow parameter Control system (referring to fig. 4).Adjusting for gaseous pressure and flow, using pressure-flow coupling algorithm, by coupled system point For two parts:Pressure-adjusting valve control system and flow-throttle valve control system, to reach the quick adjusting of pressure, flow. Wherein, R1It (s) is pressure set points, Gc1It (s) is pressure controller, Gp1It (s) is flow control valve, H1It (s) is pressure transmitter, Y1It (s) is pressure measuring value, e1It (s) is pressure set points and measured value deviation.R2It (s) is flow setting value, Gc2It (s) is flow Controller, Gp2It (s) is throttle valve, H2It (s) is vortex-shedding meter, Y2It (s) is flow measurements, e2It (s) is flow setting value and survey Magnitude deviation.Control strategy is as follows:
1) according to pressure set points R1(s), controller, which opens regulating valve, makes manifold pressure Y1(s) reach setting value, detect Present flow rate value Y2(s) after, deviation e is calculated2, e2>0 reduces throttle valve opening, e2<0 increases throttle valve opening;
2) flow reaches target flow R2(s) when, controller detects current pressure values Y1(s), deviation e is calculated1, e1>0 Increase flow control valve aperture, e1>0 reduces flow control valve aperture;
3) when flow is adjusted to goal pressure, controller executes the 1) step, readjusts flow;When pressure is adjusted to mesh When marking flow, controller executes the 2) step, readjusts pressure;
4) step 3) is repeated until pressure, flow reach experiment setting target.
Gaseous pressure and flow will affect the deposition process of drop, and then influence the concentration of liquid drops of mist flow.Therefore, drop Concentration uses Feedforward-feedback control.Feedforward control can overcome the variation of air mass flow and pressure to do concentration of liquid drops generation It disturbs, feedback control determines that water flow inputs according to concentration of liquid drops deviation, improves control accuracy.Wherein, R3It (s) is concentration of liquid drops Setting value, Gc3It (s) is consistency controller, GffIt (s) is feedforward controller, GvIt (s) is frequency converter and metering pump, Gp3It (s) is liquid film Collection device, H3It (s) is light extinction method granulometer, Gd1(s) and Gd2It (s) is disturbance channel transfer function, Y3(s) dense for drop Spend measured value, e3It (s) is concentration of liquid drops setting value and measured value deviation.Feed-forward signal is present in feedback controller Gc3(s) after, Gaseous pressure Y is overcome in time1(s) and flow Y2(s) to the perturbation action of concentration of liquid drops, feedback control overcomes other in circuit not The influence of measurable disturbance finally makes concentration of liquid drops reach setting value R3(s)。
Three groups of differences have been carried out based on the pressure-adjustable mist flow experimental system built for the experiment effect for verifying device The real stream test of pressure, and the vertical pipe flow pattern of experiment condition and Spedding are compared, referring to Fig. 5, wherein p is Pressure, abscissa are liquid phase flow QLWith gas phase flow rate QGThe ratio between, ordinate is Fu Luode number Fr=(jG+jL)2/ gD, wherein jG、jLThe respectively apparent velocity of gas phase and liquid phase, g are acceleration of gravity, and D is pipe diameter.The result shows that:The present apparatus can shape At stable mist flow, estimate that droplet content is about the 50%~75% of total liquid phase.Fig. 6 is control system block diagram.
Above-mentioned specific embodiment is solved in detail to the technical solution of the device of the invention structure and control strategy etc. It releases, the present invention is not limited solely to above-described embodiment journey, for persons skilled in the art, according to above-mentioned principle and spirit It improves, replace on the basis of the present invention, belong within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of adjustable mist flow experimental system of multi-parameter, including gas source module, flow control valve, vortex-shedding meter, water storage Tank, metering pump, frequency converter, atomization mixing section, liquid film collection device, light extinction method granulometer and throttle valve, wherein
The air that gas source module provides is via atomization mixing section is sent into after flow control valve, gas phase flow rate is by vortex-shedding meter meter Amount;
Water tank provide water, after the adjusting of metering pump and frequency converter using high pressure nozzle after be atomized after form micron order Drop enters atomization mixing section, and water flow is controlled by metering pump, and metering pump is by frequency modulation and the combination of stroke two ways is adjusted to carry out Flow is adjusted, and wherein frequency is continuously adjusted by frequency converter;
Gas phase and liquid phase are after atomization mixing section forms mist flow, into liquid film collection device, by throttle valve to capacity Control and metering, liquid film collection device realizes the complete collection to liquid film, via the drop grain in pipeline after liquid film collection device Diameter and concentration are measured by light extinction method granulometer;
To realize the adjusting to fog flow parameter, using multivariable control system, combined by flow control valve and throttle valve, Pressure-flow coupling control is divided into two parts:Pressure-flow regulating valve control section and flow-throttle valve control part, it is right Pressure and flow use Feedforward-feedback control, to eliminate the interference of gaseous pressure and flow to concentration of liquid drops;If R3It (s) is liquid Drip concentration set point, Gc3It (s) is consistency controller, GffIt (s) is feedforward controller, GvIt (s) is frequency converter and metering pump, Gp3(s) For liquid film collection device, H3It (s) is light extinction method granulometer, Gd1(s) and Gd2It (s) is disturbance channel transfer function, Y3(s) it is Concentration of liquid drops measured value, e3It (s) is concentration of liquid drops setting value and measured value deviation, feed-forward signal is present in consistency controller Gc3 (s) after, to overcome gaseous pressure Y1(s) and flow Y2(s) to the perturbation action of concentration of liquid drops, feedback control overcomes circuit In other not measurable disturbances influence, so that concentration of liquid drops is reached setting value R3(s)。
2. experimental system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that liquid film collection device, including infiltration collection system, stream Amount control system and metering weighing system three parts, wherein
Permeate collection system, including porous permeable pipeline, casing, blowdown valve, triple valve, control valve, the porous permeable pipe The interlude in road is porous section, is located in casing, offers deflector hole in the lower part of casing, the fluid penetrated by porous section After flowing out via deflector hole, triple valve is first flowed through, then via the water storage container for entering weighing balance weight system after control valve, in water storage After carrying out gas-liquid separation in container, gas is measured and is discharged through flow control system, and liquid is then stored in water storage container;Threeway The external world is led to by blowdown valve in the other end of valve;
Flow control system includes suspended body flowmeter and exhaust valve, and by the discharge of exhaust valve control gas, capacity is by float stream Meter is measured.
3. experimental system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that porous section is made of porous filter core agglomerated material.
4. experimental system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that metering weighing system includes water storage container, bung, does Drying prescription, bracket, electronic scale, drain valve, water storage container is fixed by the bracket in the top of electronic scale, into the gas of water storage container By the conduit discharge of bung connection, into flow control system.
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