CN113686953A - Water mist humidity measuring system based on ultrasonic energy loss method - Google Patents
Water mist humidity measuring system based on ultrasonic energy loss method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113686953A CN113686953A CN202111053608.7A CN202111053608A CN113686953A CN 113686953 A CN113686953 A CN 113686953A CN 202111053608 A CN202111053608 A CN 202111053608A CN 113686953 A CN113686953 A CN 113686953A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/783—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour for analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
- G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
- G01N21/78—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
- G01N21/81—Indicating humidity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/024—Mixtures
- G01N2291/02425—Liquids in gases, e.g. sprays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02845—Humidity, wetness
Abstract
The invention provides a water mist humidity measuring system based on an ultrasonic energy loss method, which comprises an adjustable water mist generating device, a measuring section, a temperature sensor, a connecting elbow, a bearing frame, a connecting pipeline, a steam-water separation device, a vortex shedding flowmeter, a flow regulating valve, a fan and an ultrasonic measuring device, wherein the middle part of the measuring section is provided with 4 ultrasonic probe placing pipe grooves, and the water mist generating device comprises an atomizer, atomizing nozzles of different types, a circular container and a high-precision electronic balance; the steam-water separation device comprises a silk screen and a drainage pipeline; the water mist generating device is arranged under the measuring section, the measuring section is positioned on the lower pressure bearing frame, the connecting elbow is positioned on the measuring section, the connecting pipeline is connected with the connecting elbow, the steam-water separating device is arranged in the middle of the connecting pipeline, the connecting pipeline is connected with the vortex flowmeter, and the vortex flowmeter is connected with the fan. The invention is a water mist humidity experiment system which has simple structure and low price, and can measure the water mist humidity in space on line, in real time, without interference and with high sensitivity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultrasonic energy loss-based water mist humidity online measurement system under a cold gas-liquid two-phase flow condition, in particular to a water mist humidity online measurement system with a calibratable water mist volume concentration, which is applied to the characteristic research of the humidity of water mist with different volume concentrations and the energy loss coefficients of ultrasonic waves with different frequencies, and mainly relates to the relevant technical fields of fire fighting, environmental management, industrial and mining dust removal, medical environments and the like.
Background
The humidity of the two-phase flow has a very important influence on the safety and the economy of fire-fighting engineering, working condition dust removal and agricultural and medical industries, and atomization refers to the operation of dispersing liquid into fine water mist particles through an atomizer and a nozzle or by using high-speed airflow, so that the formed ultrafine water mist particles effectively interact with particles floating in the air, further gravity settling is realized, and the harm of the floating particles in the space to human bodies and the environment is reduced. The spraying effect is closely related to the removal effect of the particulate matter. The mist effect is characterized by the size and concentration of the atomized mist in the space, as well as the survival time, which are influenced by various factors, including the ambient air flow velocity, the velocity of the mist particles relative to the air flow, the nozzle orifice diameter, the spray pressure, the surface tension coefficient of the liquid, the density of the air, the viscosity coefficient of the liquid, the density of the liquid, etc. In order to understand the influence rule of the above factors on atomization and improve the atomization effect, the distribution characteristics of atomized water mist particles in the space need to be characterized. The energy loss coefficient of the ultrasonic wave is related to not only the ultrasonic frequency but also the humidity of the water mist and the droplet size. At present, various methods for measuring the humidity of water mist are available, such as an oil pool method, a light scattering method and the like, but the measurement precision is not high, and the measurement equipment has large volume and cannot realize online measurement. Therefore, a water mist humidity measurement experiment system with high online measurement sensitivity is needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic energy loss method-based water mist humidity online measurement system, which is a water mist humidity experiment system with simple structure, low price, capability of measuring water mist humidity flowing in a space in an online, real-time, interference-free and high-sensitivity manner.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the device comprises a water mist generating device, a measuring section, a connecting elbow, a connecting pipeline and a fan which are sequentially connected, wherein a vortex street flowmeter and a water outlet are arranged on the connecting pipeline, a steam-water separation device is further arranged between the connecting elbow and the connecting pipeline, four ultrasonic probes are symmetrically arranged on the measuring section and are placed in pipe grooves, the four ultrasonic probes are placed in the pipe grooves and are respectively connected with two ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies, a transmitting end of each ultrasonic transducer and a receiving end of each ultrasonic transducer are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the transmitting end of each ultrasonic transducer is connected with an ultrasonic excitation device, the receiving probes are connected with a filter in series, and the transmitting probes are connected with a data acquisition system after being connected with the receiving ends of the ultrasonic transducers in series.
The invention also includes such structural features:
1. the water mist generating device comprises an atomizer, atomizing nozzles of different models, a round container and a high-precision electronic balance; the steam-water separation device comprises a wire mesh and a drainage pipeline.
2. The connecting pipe is provided with a section of visible transparent acrylic pipe, wherein a water mist indicator is placed in the visible transparent acrylic pipe, and the visible transparent acrylic pipe changes color when meeting water mist.
3. The measuring section is made of acrylic transparent materials, a laser method and the like are used for measuring a liquid film on the pipe wall, and whether the water mist flows uniformly or not is observed.
4. A sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the invention utilizes the circular acrylic pipeline to better observe the movement process of the water mist flowing fluid. 2) The 4 ultrasonic probe pipe grooves are arranged at the same position of the measuring section, so that the ultrasonic measuring device can more accurately use different ultrasonic frequency probes to measure under the same working condition, and can more accurately master the attenuation characteristic difference of ultrasonic waves with different frequencies under the same condition. 3) The connecting pipeline of the invention has a section which is combined with the water spray indicator by using the transparent acrylic pipeline, can observe the efficiency of the steam-water separation device on line in real time, and judges the humidity of the filtered gas according to the color change of the indicator. 4) The invention adopts a plurality of high-frequency antifogging ultrasonic probes to prevent water mist from forming a film on the ultrasonic probe and interfering ultrasonic waves. 5) The invention adopts the opposite-type installation of the ultrasonic transducer, and uses the ultrasonic energy attenuation method to measure the water mist humidity, thereby realizing real-time, non-interference and on-line measurement. 6) The invention adopts ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies to simultaneously measure at the same position of the measuring section, so that the measurement of the droplet particle size is more accurate. 7) The water mist generating device can generate water mist with different humidity and different droplet particle sizes by respectively using the ultrasonic atomizer and the water mist nozzle. 8) The water mist generating device is internally provided with a heater and can generate water mist with different temperatures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a measurement section;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a measurement section;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a left side view of the measurement section;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a water mist generation system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the elbow connection of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a visualization channel of the connecting conduit of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the experimental setup;
in the figure: the device comprises a water mist generating device 1, a measuring section pipeline 2, a connecting elbow 3, a connecting pipeline 4, a vortex flowmeter 5, a fan 6, a steam-water separation device 7, an ultrasonic transducer transmitting end 8, an ultrasonic transducer receiving end 9, an ultrasonic transducer pipe groove 10, a data acquisition system 11, an atomizing device, a weighing device, a water outlet, an ultrasonic excitation device, a power supply, a filter and an acquisition system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The device comprises an adjustable water mist generating device, a measuring section, a temperature sensor, a connecting elbow, a bearing frame, a connecting pipeline, a steam-water separation device, a vortex shedding flowmeter, a flow regulating valve, a fan and an ultrasonic measuring device, wherein the middle part of the measuring section is provided with 4 ultrasonic probe placing pipe grooves; the steam-water separation device comprises a silk screen and a drainage pipeline; the water mist generating device is arranged under the measuring section, the measuring section is positioned on the lower pressure bearing frame, the connecting elbow is positioned on the measuring section, the connecting pipeline is connected with the connecting elbow, the steam-water separating device is arranged in the middle of the connecting pipeline, the connecting pipeline is connected with the vortex flowmeter, and the vortex flowmeter is connected with the fan.
The centers of the two pipe grooves on the measuring section are completely in a horizontal line; the pipe groove on the measuring section and the measuring section are installed in a clamping groove mode, and ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies can be replaced. A temperature sensor is arranged in the ultrasonic measuring device. A sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section, the pressure bearing frame and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps. The ultrasonic transducer further comprises a transceiving integrated ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic excitation device, a filter and a data acquisition system, wherein the transceiving integrated ultrasonic transducer is 60kHz, 100kHz, 160kHz and 200 kHz. Two pairs of ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies are respectively arranged in the measuring section, the transmitting probe is connected with the ultrasonic excitation device, and the receiving probe is connected with the filter in series and then connected with the data acquisition system. The connecting pipe is provided with a section of visible transparent acrylic pipe, wherein a water mist indicator is placed in the visible transparent acrylic pipe, and the visible transparent acrylic pipe changes color when meeting water mist. According to the characteristics of the water mist working medium to be measured, the measuring section is made of acrylic transparent materials, a laser method and the like can be used for measuring a liquid film on the pipe wall, and whether the water mist flows uniformly can be observed.
The invention provides an ultrasonic energy loss-based water mist humidity online measurement system under a cold-state gas-liquid two-phase flow condition, and the structure composition of an experiment body is shown in figures 1 and 7. The water adding fog generating device 1 is provided with a water container, a heater, a graduated scale and an atomizing device; the atomizer is a cylinder and is positioned in the center of the water container. The measuring section pipeline 2 is positioned above the water mist generating device 1, 4 ultrasonic transducer pipe grooves are formed in the middle of the measuring section pipeline in all directions, and ultrasonic probes with different frequencies can be used for measuring at the same horizontal position, so that the whole visual effect of the experimental device is ensured while the measuring section serves as a pressure-bearing boundary of the flowing working medium; the connecting elbow 3 is positioned at the outlet of the measuring section pipeline; the sealing ring is positioned between the measuring section pipeline 2 and the connecting elbow 3; the connecting pipeline 4 is positioned at the outlet of the connecting elbow 3 to realize the steam-water separation detection of the flowing water mist; the vortex shedding flowmeter 5 is positioned behind the connecting pipeline 4 and is used for recording the flow of the water mist humidity measuring device in real time; the fan 6 is connected with the vortex shedding flowmeter 5 and has a multi-gear power regulation function; the steam-water separation device 7 consists of a steam-water separation filter screen; the ultrasonic transducer transmitting end 8 and the ultrasonic transducer receiving end 9 are arranged on the same horizontal line in a correlation mode through an ultrasonic transducer pipe groove 10 inserted into the pipeline 2 at the measuring section, and the centers of the transducers are ensured to be on the same straight line; the data acquisition system 11 consists of a filter and a data acquisition unit, and a 100M/s high-frequency data acquisition board card is used for acquisition, so that accurate calculation of energy loss of ultrasonic receiving signals is guaranteed.
As shown in figure 2, the upper part of the measuring section pipeline 2 and the connecting elbow 3 are fixedly connected by C-shaped clamps so as to ensure the strength and the tightness of the measuring pipeline. In the pipeline of the measuring section, the experimental working condition of the water mist humidity in the pipeline of the measuring section is changed by adjusting the atomizer and the fan. Temperature sensors are arranged inside the ultrasonic transducer transmitting end 8 and the ultrasonic transducer receiving end 9, and can be used for collecting the temperature of the water mist. After the ultrasonic wave is transmitted by the ultrasonic wave transducer transmitting end 8, the ultrasonic wave penetrates through the water mist generated by the water mist generating device and is collected by the ultrasonic wave transducer receiving end 9, meanwhile, the temperature of the water mist is collected, and then, the signal is synchronously transmitted to the filter and data acquisition system 11 in real time.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the water mist generating device, the water container is provided with scales, the scales can be counted after uniform and stable water mist is generated, and a calibrated water mist liquid volume fraction can be obtained according to the liquid volume lost in a period of time and the vortex shedding flowmeter 5. Meanwhile, according to different atomizing devices, water mist with different droplet particle sizes can be provided for experimental analysis.
As shown in fig. 7, the steam-water separator 7 and the connecting pipe 4, the connecting elbow 3 of the steam-water separator 7 and the connecting pipe 4 are connected by a stainless steel clamp, and the connecting pipe 4 is placed in a downward-cutting manner. A water outlet is arranged in front of the connecting pipeline 4 and the vortex flowmeter 5, so that water filtered by the steam-water separation device 7 flows out of the water outlet along the connecting channel 4, and the outflow water is used for error analysis of water mist humidity calibration in an experiment and can protect a fan.
In summary, the invention provides an online measurement system for water mist humidity in a channel under a cold gas-liquid two-phase flow condition based on ultrasonic energy loss, which comprises: the water mist simulation device comprises a water mist generation device, a measuring section pipeline, a connecting elbow, a connecting pipeline, a vortex flowmeter, a fan, a steam-water separation device, an ultrasonic transducer transmitting end, an ultrasonic transducer receiving end, an ultrasonic transducer pipe groove, a data acquisition system, an atomization device, a weighing device, a water outlet, an ultrasonic excitation device, a power supply, a filter and an acquisition system, and water mist of different humidity is generated by matching the water mist generation device with fans of different powers to simulate the working condition of actual industrial water mist. The humidity of the water mist and the particle size of the liquid drops are measured by an ultrasonic energy loss method and an ECAH-based ultrasonic particle size inversion algorithm. For the convenience of experiment, two pairs of ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies are arranged at the same measuring position. The ultrasonic energy loss coefficients of different ultrasonic frequencies are collected under the same environment, and the experimental data of the waveform and the water mist temperature after ultrasonic attenuation are recorded in real time by the collecting system. The ultrasonic energy attenuation coefficient acquisition without frequency under the same water mist condition is combined with the inverse algorithm of an ECAH model and the energy loss coefficient acquisition and analysis of ultrasonic waves with the same frequency under different water mist conditions, so that the synchronous, real-time and non-interference visual measurement of the water mist humidity and the liquid drop particle size under different working conditions is realized. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low price, accurate and convenient data acquisition, multiple applicable industrial aspects and wide range of research working conditions.
Claims (9)
1. Water smoke humidity measurement system based on ultrasonic energy loss method, its characterized in that: the device comprises a water mist generating device, a measuring section, a connecting elbow, a connecting pipeline and a fan which are sequentially connected, wherein a vortex street flowmeter and a water outlet are arranged on the connecting pipeline, a steam-water separation device is further arranged between the connecting elbow and the connecting pipeline, four ultrasonic probes are symmetrically arranged on the measuring section and are placed in pipe grooves, the four ultrasonic probes are placed in the pipe grooves and are respectively connected with two ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies, a transmitting end of each ultrasonic transducer and a receiving end of each ultrasonic transducer are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the transmitting end of each ultrasonic transducer is connected with an ultrasonic excitation device, the receiving probes are connected with a filter in series, and the transmitting probes are connected with a data acquisition system after being connected with the receiving ends of the ultrasonic transducers in series.
2. The ultrasonic energy loss based water mist humidity measurement system of claim 1, wherein: the water mist generating device comprises an atomizer, atomizing nozzles of different models, a round container and a high-precision electronic balance; the steam-water separation device comprises a wire mesh and a drainage pipeline.
3. A system for measuring moisture in water mist based on ultrasonic energy loss method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the connecting pipe is provided with a section of visible transparent acrylic pipe, wherein a water mist indicator is placed in the visible transparent acrylic pipe, and the visible transparent acrylic pipe changes color when meeting water mist.
4. A system for measuring moisture in water mist based on ultrasonic energy loss method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the measuring section is made of acrylic transparent materials, a laser method and the like are used for measuring a liquid film on the pipe wall, and whether the water mist flows uniformly or not is observed.
5. The ultrasonic energy loss based water mist humidity measurement system of claim 3, wherein: the measuring section is made of acrylic transparent materials, a laser method and the like are used for measuring a liquid film on the pipe wall, and whether the water mist flows uniformly or not is observed.
6. A system for measuring moisture in water mist based on ultrasonic energy loss method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: a sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps.
7. The ultrasonic energy loss based water mist humidity measurement system of claim 3, wherein: a sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps.
8. The ultrasonic energy loss based water mist humidity measurement system of claim 4, wherein: a sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps.
9. The ultrasonic energy loss based water mist humidity measurement system of claim 5, wherein: a sealing ring is arranged between the connecting elbow and the measuring section; the measuring section and the connecting elbow are fixed and compressed tightly and sealed through C-shaped clamps, and the connecting pipeline and other equipment joints are sealed and finely adjusted through stainless steel clamps.
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