CN108883695A - 提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法 - Google Patents

提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法 Download PDF

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CN108883695A
CN108883695A CN201780020500.3A CN201780020500A CN108883695A CN 108883695 A CN108883695 A CN 108883695A CN 201780020500 A CN201780020500 A CN 201780020500A CN 108883695 A CN108883695 A CN 108883695A
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combustion engine
revolving speed
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CN108883695B (zh
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迈克尔·鲁契尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，其中，混合动力分离离合器(4)分离或连接内燃机(2)和电动机(3)，并且由所述内燃机(2)和/或所述电动机(3)输出的力矩被传递至所述混合动力车辆的驱动轮(10)。在一种避免危险情况的方法中，在所述电动机(3)用作驱动机时，在所述混合动力分离离合器(4)发生故障的情况下，将所述内燃机(2)的转速(NIce)限制在所述电动机(3)的当前的转速(NEMot)范围内。

Description

提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，其中，混合动力分离离合器分离或连接内燃机和电动机，并且由内燃机和/或电动机输出的力矩被传递至混合动力车辆的驱动轮。
背景技术
在允许不同的驱动方式组合的混合动力车辆中，需要将来自内燃机和电动机的力矩机械式地解耦，所述不同的驱动方式例如是电动机模式，电动发电机模式，内燃机在滑行运行模式或牵引运行模式，关闭内燃机或电动机模式。内燃机和电动机的分离在这种情况下通常通过混合动力分离离合器自动地操作。混合动力分离离合器的自动的操作由执行器完成，该执行器由配备相应软件的控制器构成，相应软件用于控制用于操作离合器的、机电式的或电液式的执行器。在给定的、必须断开混合动力分离离合器的运行状态下，控制器的错误的控制能够使得混合动力分离离合器接合，这能够导致在驱动混合动力车辆期间的安全问题。已知在这种故障情况下提高混合动力车辆的安全性的措施在于，通过完全地或部分地断开在下游布置的离合器将通常在下游布置的的变速器中的另外的离合器转换到保护模式。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种用于提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，该方法用于在错误断开混合动力分离离合器期间消除安全风险。
根据本发明，上述技术问题是这样解决的，在电动机作为驱动机时，在混合动力分离离合器发生故障的情况下，将内燃机的转速限制在电动机当前的转速范围内。因此，内燃机的转速不超过电动机的转速，混合动力车辆不会发生加速，从可靠地防止因混合动力车辆的不希望的加速度引起的具有安全风险的情况。
有利地，如果电动机的转速等于或超过内燃机的怠速转速，则调节内燃机的转速低于或等于电动机的当前速度。这具有以下优点：内燃机继续运行并且能够用于例如对电动机的高压电池充电，但是不能对混合动力车辆的驱动做出任何贡献。
在一个备选方案中，如果电动机的当前转速低于内燃机的怠速转速，则抑制内燃机的点火。由此确保了内燃机不被激活，并且因此对混合动力车辆的驱动没有贡献。
在一个变型方案中，在内燃机的转速没有被限定在电动机的当前转速范围内而高于电动机转速时，在内燃机上进行力矩干预。通过力矩干预，能够降低内燃机的转速，从而能够限制其对混合动力车辆的驱动的影响。
备选地，在内燃机的转速没有被限定在电动机的当前转速范围内而高于电动机转速时，在内燃机上进行点火干预。通过抑制内燃机的点火，能够防止内燃机的转速的增加。
在一个实施方式中，监控内燃机和电动机的转速以监控混合动力分离离合器上的故障。因此，能够可靠地判断混合动力分离离合器是否传递离合器力矩，即判断混合动力分离离合器是处于接合的状态还是处于断开的状态。
有利地，为了监控混合动力分离离合器上的故障，在电动机的转速上施加调制信号，其中，当内燃机的转速上出现调制信号，则判断混合动力分离离合器传递力矩。如果混合动力分离离合器实际上应该断开，这种监控方法特别有利。在确定模制信号传递到内燃机的转速时，能够可靠地判断混合动力分离离合器处于非故意的接合状态。
本发明的改进方案涉及一种提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，其中，混合动力分离离合器分离或连接内燃机和电动机，并且由内燃机和/或电动机输出的力矩被传递至混合动力车辆的驱动轮。在一种能够提升混合动力车辆的安全状态的方法中，在用电动机起步时，断开混合动力分离离合器，其中，由于电动机的电池处于低电量，为了给电池充电而启动发动机，其中，在无意中接合混合动力分离离合器的情况下，启动具有根据本申请中说明的至少一个特征的方法。
附图说明
本发明具有大量的实施例。结合在附图中所示的图示详细阐述其中一个实施方式。附图为：
图1是混合动力驱动的原理图，
图2是根据现有技术的混合动力车辆的行驶情况的实施例，
图3是根据本发明的方法的实施例。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了混合动力车辆的驱动系1的原理图。驱动系1包括内燃机2和电动机3。在内燃机2和电动机3之间将混合动力分离离合器4直接或紧邻地安置在内燃机2后面。内燃机2和混合动力分离离合器4通过曲轴5彼此相连。电动机3具有能够转动的转子6和固定的定子7。混合动力分离离合器4的从动轴8与变速器9连接，该变速器包括未进一步示出的、被安置在电动机3和变速器9之间连接件，例如，第二离合器或扭矩转换器。变速器9将由内燃机2和/或电动机3产生的扭矩传递到混合动力车辆的驱动轮10。在这种情况下，电动机3和变速器9构成变速器系统11，该变速器系统由静液压式的离合器执行器12控制。
将安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的混合动力分离离合器4接合，以便在混合动力车辆行驶时借助由电动机3产生的扭矩起动内燃机2，或者在助力操作时借助驱动的内燃机2和电动机3行驶。混合动力分离离合器4在这种情况下由静液压式的离合器执行器12操作。
在另外的运行状态中，混合动力车辆通过电动机3从静止状态起步。内燃机2静止，其中混合动力分离离合器4断开。在图2a中示出了内燃机2的转速NIce和电动机3的转速NEMot随时间变化的曲线。图2b示出了由混合动力分离离合器4传递的当前力矩Trq_Cl，而图2c示出了用于启动内燃机2的命令B_Res_Ice。如图2所示，在时间t＝10s时，混合动力分离离合器4因在静液压式的离合器执行器12中的缺陷而无意地被接合并且传递力矩Trq_Cl。然而，在时间t＝20s时，内燃机2因电动机3的未进一步示出的高压电池的低电量状态(SOC)启动，内燃机以大约1500rpm的增加的充电转速NIce对电池充电。然而，对于这种情况，混合动力分离离合器4必须断开。由于因静液压式的离合器执行器12的缺陷而接合混合动力分离离合器4，因此混合动力车辆从时间t>20s开始被无意地加速，这可能导致危险驾驶情况。
结合图2描述的危险情况能够通过使用根据本发明的方法来防止，如在图3中结合实施例所示。图3具有类似图2的分曲线图3a，3b，3c。混合动力分离离合器4在时间t＝10s时被无意地接合的情况下，检测到该混合动力分离离合器4的接合。通过监测内燃机2和电动机3的转速来进行所述检测。为了确定混合动力分离离合器4是否确实传递扭矩，在电动机3的转速上施加不与行驶舒适性相关的调制信号。该调制信号能够是例如具有低力矩幅度的30Hz正弦振荡。如果混合动力分离离合器4接合，如在当前情况下那样，这种调制信号将出现在内燃机2的转速信号上。这能够通过关联方法(Korrelations-Verfahren)或登录方法(Log-in-Verfahren)进行检查。基于该评估，可靠地确定离合器未断开。
然而，由于已知混合动力分离离合器4未断开，在内燃机2上设置转速模式，其中，内燃机2的转速NIce被限定于电动机3的实际转速NEMot。在给定的情况下，内燃机2的转速NIce能够是最大转速800rpm。也就是说，在时间t＝20s时，如果请求对电动机3的电池充电，内燃机2不能设定更高的转转速NIce。因此，尽管混合动力分离离合器4接合，但内燃机2防止了混合动力车辆的无意加速。
通过所描述的方法，在电动机3用作驱动机的情况下，内燃机2的转速NIce不会比电动机3的转速NEMot高。
附图标记列表
1 驱动系
2 内燃机
3 电动机
4 混合动力分离离合器
5 曲轴
6 转子
7 定子
8 从动轴
9 变速器
10 驱动轮
11 变速器系统
12 静液压式的离合器执行器
NIce 内燃机的转速
NEMot 电动机的转速
Trq-Cl 混合动力分离离合器的力矩

Claims (8)

1.一种提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，其中，混合动力分离离合器(4)分离或连接内燃机(2)和电动机(3)，并且由所述内燃机(2)和/或所述电动机(3)输出的力矩被传递至所述混合动力车辆的驱动轮(10)，其特征在于，在所述电动机(3)用作驱动机时，在所述混合动力分离离合器(4)发生故障的情况下，将所述内燃机(2)的转速(NIce)限制在所述电动机(3)的当前的转速(NEMot)范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述电动机3的转速(NEMot)等于或超过所述内燃机(2)的怠速转速，调节所述内燃机(2)的转速低于或等于所述电动机(3)的当前的速度(NEMot)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述电动机(3)的当前的转速(NEMot)低于所述内燃机(2)的怠速转速，抑制所述内燃机(2)的点火。
4.根据权利要求1，2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述内燃机(2)的转速(NIce)没有被限定在所述电动机(3)的当前的转速(NEMot)的范围内而高于所述电动机转速(NEMot)时，在所述内燃机(2)上进行力矩干预。
5.根据权利要求1，2或3所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述内燃机(2)的转速(NIce)没有被限定在所述电动机(3)的当前的转速(NEMot)的范围内而高于所述电动机转速(NEMot)时，在所述内燃机(2)上进行点火干预。
6.根据上述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了监控在所述混合动力分离离合器(4)上的故障，监控所述内燃机(2)的转速和所述电动机(3)的转速。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，为了监控在所述混合动力分离离合器(4)上的故障，在所述电动机(3)的转速(NEMot)上施加调制信号，其中，当在所述内燃机(2)的转速(NIce)上出现所述调制信号，则判断所述混合动力分离离合器(4)传递力矩(Trq-Cl)。
8.一种提高混合动力车辆的安全性的方法，其中，混合动力分离离合器(4)分离或连接内燃机(2)和电动机(3)，并且由所述内燃机(2)和/或所述电动机(3)输出的力矩被传递至所述混合动力车辆的驱动轮(10)，其特征在于，在用所述电动机(3)起步时，断开所述混合动力分离离合器(4)，并且由于所述电动机(3)的电池的低电量，为了给所述电池充电而启动所述发动机(2)，其中，在无意中接合所述混合动力分离离合器(4)的情况下，使用根据上述权利要求中至少一项所述的方法。
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