CN108883124B - 用于增强细胞毒性细胞和干细胞疗效的新型rna构建体和方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明包括用于增强细胞毒性细胞和干细胞效果的Rig I激动剂。所述Rig I激动剂可体内用作小分子治疗剂或体外强化用于过继细胞转移的细胞。应用包括癌症治疗、免疫系统强化、慢性病毒性感染和病毒诱导感染的治疗以及病毒疗法的强化。
Description
优先权和援引纳入
本申请要求2016年4月1日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/316,679号的优先权,其全文通过援引纳入本文。本文所引用的所有文献通过援引明确纳入本文。
背景
天然杀伤(NK)细胞和细胞毒性T细胞(“CD8细胞”)的治疗效果受到这些细胞毒性细胞中端粒酶B和/或穿孔素相对量(“载荷(load)”)的影响。NK细胞和CD8T细胞合称“细胞毒性细胞”。细胞毒性细胞,包括所谓过继细胞、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)修饰细胞和干细胞(在此合称过继细胞转移),目前正作为治疗性疗法(包括多种类型癌症治疗)处于多项临床试验中。过继细胞转移治疗成功的关键因素之一是NK细胞和CD8T细胞中的端粒酶B和穿孔素载荷。细胞毒性细胞在对恶性转化细胞的早期先天性反应中起重要作用。细胞毒性细胞经其细胞表面各种活化受体或因肿瘤细胞上人自体白细胞抗原(HLA)缺失而激活(Karre等,1986;Lanier,2001)。
NK和CD8+T细胞的细胞毒性主要由端粒酶B和穿孔素的释放或由死亡受体配体如FasL和TNF相关凋亡配体(TRAIL)的表达介导。激活后,裂解性颗粒被送入效应细胞与靶细胞形成的细胞间连接(Henkart,1985)。过继细胞(包括TIL和CAR遗传修饰的细胞毒性细胞)转移的标准做法目前是在过继转移之前通过体外暴露于细胞因子来激活细胞。然而,限制性因素是要实现每个细胞毒性细胞充分的连环杀伤效应,而这高度依赖于穿孔素和端粒酶B的载荷。并且,细胞在转染过程中和/或在体内对病毒的耐受性或缺乏耐受性也很重要。
溶胞性颗粒加载的核心步骤是胞内RNA识别位点(例如MDA-5即“黑瘤素分化相关因子5”和Rig-I即“视黄酸诱导性基因I”)的活化,这继而直接引起活化细胞应答。
已发现,具有5’-三磷酸末端(5’ppp)且小于100(<100)核苷酸的病毒RNA或合成dsRNA分子诱导RIG-I(Goubau等,2014;Hornung等,2006)。此外,5’-末端和一定长度或至少20个核苷酸的钝端碱基配对对于RIG-I的良好结合和活化也很重要(Goubau等,2014;Hornung等,2006)。活化的RIG-I通过其CARD结构域与线粒体转接蛋白MAVS相互作用。MAVS活化引起IKK相关激酶TBK1和IKKε活化,继而致IRF-3和IRF-7磷酸化并激活NF-κB路径。并且,这直接诱导I型IFN(IFN-β和IFN-α)免疫应答以及促炎因子和有选择的特定抗病毒基因如IFN-刺激基因15(ISG15)及其他ISG的转录和分泌(Grandvaux等,2002;Kawai等,2005;Liu等,2011;Takeuchi等,2010)。
本领域需要这样的RNA构建体,它对RIG-I高度特异性,能够提高NK细胞和细胞毒性T细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B的载荷,从而克服NK细胞和CD8+T细胞过继转移中的障碍之一。
已知RIG I对于干细胞活力及活力持久性起重要作用。RIG I活化被认为下调导致干细胞早夭的相关过程。业内需要这样的RIG I激动剂,它提高干细胞的活力和植入能力。
业内一直需要更好的治疗癌症的溶瘤性病毒疗法。
发明目的
本发明目的之一是提供一种RNA分子,它提高细胞毒性细胞中穿孔素的量。
本发明目的之一是提供一种RNA分子,它提高细胞毒性细胞中端粒酶B的量。
本发明目的之一是通过给予小分子来提高细胞毒性细胞中穿孔素的量。
本发明目的之一是在离体过程(即自体细胞或同种异体细胞处于机体之外)中将RNA分子给予细胞(包括细胞毒性细胞和/或干细胞)来增强包括嵌合抗原受体(CAR)技术等过继细胞疗法的效果。
本发明目的之一是通过体内过程(即细胞留在体内)将RNA分子给予固有细胞,所述细胞包括细胞毒性细胞和/或干细胞。
本发明目的之一是通过给予小分子来提高细胞毒性细胞中端粒酶B的量。
本发明目的之一是改进转染干细胞的能力。
本发明目的之一是通过给予结合RIG I的RNA分子来延长干细胞活力并提高植入率。
本发明目的之一是提高细胞毒性细胞在离体转染过程中暴露于病毒时的活力。
本发明目的之一是提高细胞毒性细胞在体内暴露于病毒时的活力。
本发明目的之一是提高细胞毒性细胞的连环杀伤力。
本发明目的之一是治疗病毒性感染,包括慢性病毒性感染。
本发明目的之一是治疗癌症。
本发明目的之一是治疗肝癌。
本发明目的之一是治疗多发性骨髓瘤。
本发明目的之一是治疗丙型肝炎。
本发明目的之一是治疗HIV。
本发明目的之一是清除成了病毒库的细胞。
本发明目的之一是给予小RNA分子来增加细胞系NK-92中的端粒酶B和穿孔素。
本发明目的之一是给予小RNA分子来增加细胞系TALL-104中的端粒酶B和穿孔素。
本发明目的之一是给予小RNA分子来增加原代人细胞毒性淋巴细胞(如天然杀伤细胞和T细胞)中的端粒酶B和穿孔素。
本发明目的之一是采用分离自经RIG I激动剂A处理的HEK 293细胞或NK细胞的胞外囊泡来延长患癌哺乳动物的存活期。
本发明目的之一是通过将其编码在RNA病毒载体中或采用溶瘤性RNA病毒来体内或体外(in vitro)给予所述新型RNA RIG I激动剂。
本发明目的之一是给予新颖的RNA RIG I激动剂与双特异性杀伤细胞接合子(“Bispecific Killer cell Engager(BIKE)”)、三特异性杀伤细胞接合子(“TRIKE”)和单克隆抗体协同来增强细胞活化。
本发明目的之一是通过用靶向纳米粒子、脂质体、溶瘤性病毒、病毒载体、单克隆抗体或转运和/或细胞渗透肽递送RIG I激动剂A来增强肿瘤微环境中的免疫反应。
本发明目的之一是将本发明的Rig I激动剂与哨点抑制剂组合,所述哨点抑制剂可为例如:抗KIR、抗TIGIT、抗TIM3、抗PD1、抗PDL-1和/或抗CTLA4抗体。
本发明目的之一是用本发明的Rig I激动剂来理解作为诊断工具的效应细胞无能(anergy)。
发明内容
我们首创了一种包含56个RNA亚基的RNA构建体,本文称之为“Rig I激动剂A”(“RIAA”)。RIAA对RIG I高度特异,它提高细胞毒性细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B的载荷。这提高了细胞毒性细胞的活力、杀伤力和效力,克服了NK细胞、CD8T-细胞和干细胞过继细胞转移中的诸多障碍。
RIAA是小RNA分子,能用于在将细胞给予患者之前体外转染细胞,包括NK细胞、CD8T-细胞和干细胞。细胞可以是自体细胞或同种异体细胞。RIAA可体内给予用于处理或治疗患者的内源性细胞。并且,RIAA可作为治疗性小分子给予患者,无需过继细胞体外处理,并且,RIAA可作为单一疗法和/或联合疗法来给予。
本发明的应用包括成人和儿科实体瘤和血液癌治疗,所述实体瘤和血液癌包括但不限于以下所述:恶性黑色素瘤,卵巢癌,膀胱癌,尿路上皮癌,肝癌,宫颈癌,头颈癌,EGFR+肿瘤,HER1+肿瘤,HER2+肿瘤,胰腺癌,鳞状细胞癌,肉瘤,非小细胞肺癌,梅克尔(merkel)细胞癌,骨髓增生异常综合征,急性髓性白血病,急性淋巴细胞性白血病,多形性胶质母细胞瘤,弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤,套细胞淋巴瘤,浆细胞白血病,非霍奇金淋巴瘤,CD-20阳性B细胞恶性肿瘤,慢性髓性白血病,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,多发性骨髓瘤和肝、慢性病毒和/或感染(包括但不限于丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒),移植后淋巴组织增生性疾病和各种使用干细胞的治疗。
附图说明
图1是本发明试验方案的示意图。
图2是一对柱形图,显示Rig I激动剂A给药后NK细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B载荷的提高。
图3的线形图显示RIAA刺激后NK细胞的连环细胞毒力。
图4的线形图显示给同基因免疫健全荷瘤小鼠皮下给予RIAA和其他RIG I激动剂。
图5是RIAA的RNA二级结构示意图,与已知RIG I激活剂M5和M8相比较。
图6是M5、M8和Rig I激动剂A的序列比较。
图7的线形图显示各个供体接受和不接受RIG I激动剂A处理后间充质基质细胞中CD90受体密度的改变。
图8的柱形图显示Rig I激动剂A给药后CD90细胞增加。
图9的柱形图显示采用Rig I激动剂A处理的T细胞内穿孔素和端粒酶B增加。
发明详述
我们发现一个新的RNA Rig I激动剂家族,其能够用于改善NK细胞和干细胞转染。这些激动剂包含一条RNA单链,其自身结合形成的二级结构具有发卡结构和环结构。我们发现,该分子内发卡与环之间的距离(“结合区”)对于RIG I结合与活化很重要。
在结合区内,发卡与环之间的距离应在7-80个碱基之间。据信,少于7个碱基,结构上无法折叠契入RIG I的结合槽。如果结合区大于80个碱基,分子虽能折叠契入RIG I的结合位点,但据信这样的大分子事实上会减弱RIG I活化。发卡与环之间的结合区需在环两侧2-5个碱基距离内各有一个GC互补碱基对来稳定环结构。此外,环区内至少一个AU互补碱基对的存在促进了环的形成。
该小RAN分子家族的代表性成员是称为RIAA(SEQ ID NO:1)的新型RNA构建体。RIAA对RIG I高度特异,由此极大提高了NK细胞和细胞毒性细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B的载荷。
RIAA是小RNA分子,能用于将细胞给予患者之前体外转染细胞,包括NK细胞、CD8T-细胞和干细胞。细胞可以是自体细胞或同种异体细胞。RIAA可体内给药用于体内处理/治疗内源性细胞。并且,RIAA可作为小分子治疗剂给予患者,无需过继细胞体外处理。
经本发明构建体和方法活化的细胞毒性细胞可用于对杀伤功能提升的细胞毒性细胞有需求的各种应用。本发明的应用包括治疗各种癌症,其中包括但不限于多发性骨髓瘤和肝及病毒性感染(包括但不限于慢性病毒性感染,如丙型肝炎和HIV)。
实施例1:离体运用Rig I激动剂来强化细胞
材料和方法
细胞培养
人天然杀伤细胞系NK-92购自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)(ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA,目录号(cat#):CRL-2407TM)。先在干细胞培养基(CellGro;CellGenix公司,德国弗莱堡)中融化细胞,该培养基中含20%热灭活FBS(英杰(Invitrogen)公司,卡尔斯巴德,CA)和1000U/ml阿地白介素(Proleukin)(诺华,瑞士巴塞尔)。
人T细胞系TALL 104购自美国典型培养物保藏中心(ATCC)(ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA,目录号(cat#):CRL-2407TM)。先在IMDM中融化细胞,该培养基中含20%热灭活FBS(英杰(Invitrogen)公司,卡尔斯巴德,CA)和1000U/ml阿地白介素(Proleukin)(诺华,瑞士巴塞尔)。
为了评价NK细胞活性,用一慢性髓性白血病患者的人成红细胞细胞系K562(LGCPromochem/ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA)作为靶标用于51-铬释放和脱粒试验。K562细胞用RPMI,GlutaMAX 1640(英杰(Invitrogen))培养,其中补充10%FBS。
细胞于37℃、5%CO2、95%湿度孵育,每隔一天用台盼蓝染色和Countess细胞计数仪(英杰(Invitrogen))计点细胞数。
NK-92细胞的培养密度为0.5-1×106个细胞/ml,每日添加IL-2。
全部细胞于BSL2环境、严格无抗生素条件下培养。
TALL-104细胞系已以0.05-0.1×106个细胞/ml的密度于添加有10%胎牛血清(“FCS”)的Iscove改进的Dulbecco培养基(“IMDM”)中使用。向细胞中添加500U/ml重组IL-2。
RNA构建体
此前报道的RIG-I激动剂(M5和M8)由John Hiscott惠赠(巴斯德研究所-CenciBolognetti基金会(Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti),意大利罗马)。不巧的是,M5(SEQ ID NO 2)和M8(SEQ ID NO 3)组合物运输中被严重污染,导致无法确定活性是来自M5或M8分子还是其他不明污染物。(关于M5和M8分子的描述可见PCT公开WO/2016/011324)。所以,合成了Rig I激动剂A、M5和M8构建体以及Rig I激动剂A),并进行了纯化和质检(由Dharmacon(GE保健(GE Healthcare)进行)。M5、M8和RIAA如5所示。
RIAA序列ID NO 1:
M5序列ID NO 2:
M8序列ID NO 3:
用RIG-I激动剂转染HEK293细胞系
人胚肾细胞系293(HEK 293)是业内熟知的细胞系。用刚经胰蛋白酶处理的细胞悬液在12孔培养板上进行转染,对HEK293细胞采用1ml IMDM/孔中约2×105个细胞/孔。每次转染采用1μl Lipofectamine 2000(英杰(Invitrogen))和50ng mRNA。mRNA和Lipofectamine 2000先在100μl OPTI-MEM牌基本必需培养基(吉布可(Gibco)公司)中孵育30分钟(min)后再加入细胞悬液。将细胞与Lipofectamine 2000-mRNA复合物的混合物立即分配到96孔板上,5×103个HEK293细胞/孔,37℃孵育5小时(h),然后另加入50μl/孔IMDM。转染后,将细胞合并到T-150烧瓶中的OPTI-MEM中。采集16、24、40、48小时的上清液,-20℃冷冻以进行核外纯化。
BMMSC培养与RIG-I激动剂转染
如上所述进行转染。简而言之,获取三名健康供体的骨髓间充质基质细胞(“BMMSC”)。将Ficoll分离的骨髓于6孔平板上2ml Alpha-MEM(英杰(Invitrogen))中铺板。然后,细胞于5%CO2培养箱中37℃孵育5天。第三天相差显微镜检测确认有纺锤形细胞出现且融合度达70–90%后,用PBS清洗细胞两次,用2.5mL 0.25%GMP级TrypLE Select CTS(赛默飞世尔(ThermoFisher),沃尔瑟姆,MA)于37℃消化2分钟,然后用7.5mL完全基本必需培养基阿尔法(“α-MEM培养基”)中和。然后,用1×106个细胞,以流式细胞术确认以下表型:CD44、CD73、CD90、CD105、CD106、CD146、SSEA-1和SSEA-4,同时确认这些细胞的以下表型为阴性:CD31、CD34、CD45、CD80、CD86和HLA-DR。表型组见后文表1。其余细胞隔天传代,在5-7代期间进行转染。然后将细胞按5×105个细胞/孔接种在6孔板上进行转染。转染方案如前所述。转染后24小时用流式细胞术进行细胞鉴定,ELISA检测上清液TGF-B水平。
表1
MSCs
造血干细胞(“HSCs”)转染
足月正常分娩(37-41周)的脐带血样本用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)(吉布可(Gibco)公司)1:1稀释。然后,Ficoll离心分离单核细胞,400g,40分钟。收集单核细胞,清洗两次后重悬于添加了0.5%人血清白蛋白(“HAS”)的PBS中。
用AutoMACS(美天旎生物技术公司(Miltenyi Biotech))和CD34直接分离试剂盒(美天旎生物技术公司)按照制造商建议免疫磁力分离CD34+部分。简而言之,添加FcR封闭剂后用MACS CD34微珠给细胞加标,6–12℃,30分钟。然后,细胞悬液在磁场中过柱富集带标细胞。柱撤出磁场后,从柱上洗下正选细胞并合并。分离后马上用流式细胞术测定CD34+细胞群的纯度。
在25cm2烧瓶内按1×105个/ml细胞密度培养细胞,培养基为用于造血干细胞和祖细胞的无血清培养基(CellGro SCGM,Cellgenix公司),培养基中添加有以下生长因子:干细胞因子(SCF)(20ng/ml;派罗科技公司(PeproTech EC)),血小板生成素(TPO)(50ng/ml;派罗科技公司)和胎肝酪氨酸激酶3配体即Flt-3配体(Flt-3L)(50ng/ml;派罗科技公司)。37℃、5%CO2加湿空气下培养48小时后,将细胞以1×105个细胞/ml重悬于添加了20%HAS的CellGro SCGM培养基中。
将CD34-富集细胞分成等份(每份2–5×105个细胞),不转染、非RNA转染(假转染)或RIG-I激动剂转染。转染杯用1ml IMDM漂洗两次,将转染细胞转移到15-ml的塑料管中,在总体积10ml的IMDM中清洗。沉淀细胞在加湿空气中37℃、5%CO2孵育15分钟,然后重悬于1ml的Myleocult H5100培养基中(干细胞技术公司(Stem Cell Technologies Inc),加拿大温哥华),培养基中加有早期作用细胞因子(胎肝酪氨酸激酶3配体[FLT3L],干细胞因子[SCF],血小板生成素[TPO],各10ng/ml终浓度[均来自派罗科技公司,落基山,NJ])。细胞以1×105个细胞/ml的密度培养在泛胱冬酶抑制剂Z-V AD-FMK(BD生物科技公司(BDBiosciences),德国海德堡)存在下、37℃、5%CO2加湿空气中。
我们采用制造商龙萨(Lonza)的转染指导(http://bio.lonza.com/fileadmin/groups/marketing/Downloads/Protocols/Generated/Optimized_Protocol_71.pdf),采用核转染程序U08,采用了超过5×105个CD34–富集细胞。如前所述进行RNA转染。然后采用表2的标志物组、用细节流式细胞术进行细胞鉴定。
表2
HSCs
RNA纳米粒子和胞外囊泡的构建
按照之前报道的方案(Shu等,2011)由RNA片段(Trilink)合成纳米粒子。RNA纳米粒子含2-F U核苷和C核苷,因而抗RNA酶的体内降解。然后组装RNA复合物:室温下(RT)将各链于PBS缓冲液中按照化学计量比混合。
将总蛋白浓度为12ug(Bradford法测定)的由NK92或HEK 293产生的外泌体与16ug的RNA于400ul电穿孔缓冲液(1.15mM磷酸钾,pH 7.2,25mM氯化钾,21%Optiprep)中混合,在4mm杯中电穿孔。至于体内试验,电穿孔在400μl体积中进行,然后合并。
如下产生外泌体:用50ml条件培养基(NK-细胞S72在OptiMem中48小时),300g离心5分钟去除细胞碎片,通过0.2μm无菌过滤器过滤,然后110 000g超离心90分钟。将沉淀重悬于PBS,总体积300μl。参见Liguni等,JI 2012,人NK细胞衍生的外泌体的免疫监测特性(Immune Surveillance Properties of Human NK Cell-Derived Exosomes)。
小鼠
雌性和雄性C57BL/KaLwRij小鼠购自Harlan CPB(霍斯特,荷兰),C57Bl/6,C57Bl/6CD1-/-、C57Bl/6CD4-/-、C57Bl/6CD8-/-、C57BL/6-Tg(ACTbEGFP)1Osb/J和Rag2-/-cγ-/-小鼠由卡罗林斯卡医学院微生物学和肿瘤生物学中心提供。所有动物都饲养在我们位于卡罗林斯卡医学院Huddinge大学医院临床研究中心的动物设施中,常规条件饲养,包括自由饮水和自由采食标准饲料。全部小鼠在各实验开始时都为8-10周龄。此项研究中进行的试验得到瑞典南斯德哥尔摩当地伦理委员会批准。
MM细胞注射和多发性骨髓瘤诱导
各组C57BL/KaLwRij小鼠接受105eGFP-5T33MM和/或非转导5T33MM细胞在总体积为100μl无菌PBS细胞悬液/小鼠的静脉(i.v.)注射。对照小鼠静脉注射等量PBS。每日两次检测动物截瘫情况。以周为间隔,病发时将动物吸入CO2安乐死,取脾脏、肝脏、胸腺和淋巴结,处理用于制备单细胞悬液前于PBS中保存。通过PBS骨腔灌洗来获取股骨和胫骨的骨髓。
肿瘤细胞辐照和接种
肿瘤细胞用PBS清洗三次,在137Cs Gammacell 2000辐照仪中接受60Gy伽马辐照(Molsgaard医疗(Molsgaard Medical),丹麦霍斯霍尔姆)。辐照后细胞马上用于皮下注射或培养,供后续体外分析。C57Bl/6和C57Bl/KaLwRij接受标准方案免疫。简而言之,注射前,将肿瘤细胞清洗、计数并按其终浓度重悬于PBS(0.2ml)。用27号针头的1cc结核菌素注射器以三周为间隔进行三次肿瘤细胞注射,且每周两次检查小鼠有否肿瘤。
效应细胞的制备
如下将小鼠脾脏单细胞悬液合并在无血清RPMI-1640培养基中:借助匀浆器对脾脏碎片温和施压令悬液通过筛网。在氯化铵溶液[0.15mol/L NH4Cl,10mmol/L KHCO3,0.1mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA),pH 7.2]中裂解红细胞。所得细胞用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗两次,重悬于含“微量元素A(Trace Elements A)”(密迪亚泰克公司(Mediatech,Inc.),赫恩登,VA)的完全RPMI-1640培养基[RPMI-1640培养基中添加10%灭活FCS,2mmol/L L-谷氨酰胺,25mmol/L NaHCO3,1mmol/L丙酮酸钠,25mmol/L N-2-羟基乙基哌嗪-N'-2-乙磺酸(HEPES),100kU/L青霉素G和100mg/L链霉素]。在第0天添加配制于新鲜完全RPMI培养基中的(rIL-2),此后隔天添加。细胞培养浓度为1×106个细胞/ml,每日测定细胞密度。
效应细胞的离体分离
得单细胞悬液后,用CD8小鼠微珠试剂盒(美天旎生物技术公司(MiltenyiBiotech),贝尔吉施格拉德巴赫,德国)按产品说明书分离小鼠细胞。简而言之,如前所述制备不同器官的单细胞悬液,测定细胞数。细胞于300g离心10分钟后,彻底去除上清液。将细胞沉淀重悬于90μl漂洗缓冲液(PBS,0.5%BSA,2mM EDTA)中。将每107个总细胞数的细胞与10μl CD8微珠混合,4℃孵育15分钟。磁力分离前,每107个细胞用2ml漂洗缓冲液清洗细胞,300g离心10分钟去除上清液,然后重悬于500μl漂洗缓冲液。同时,将磁柱置于合适的MACS分离器的磁场中,用3ml漂洗缓冲液漂洗为分选做预备。最后,将细胞悬液上柱,用3ml漂洗缓冲液漂洗三次。洗下所有不带标记(阴性)细胞收集在15ml的费尔康(falcon)管中。为了收集带标效应细胞,将柱从磁场中取出,用5ml漂洗缓冲液洗柱,用活塞将阳性细胞部分冲入干净的15ml的费尔康管中。
阴性部分在24孔板(BD)上用50单位/ml的IL-2按1:1的效:靶比(E:T)进行刺激。5天的体外刺激后,收集细胞进行51Cr-释放检测。
脱粒和细胞毒性试验
为了分析NK细胞的脱粒能力,将细胞按1×106个细胞/ml的密度培养在96孔板上,单纯细胞培养,或按1:1的比例与K562或与PMA&Iono(0.5μg/ml)共孵育4-6小时。共孵育1小时后,向培养物中添加GolgiStop(BD)来抑制蛋白质转运。然后,细胞于4℃进行CD56和CD107a染色30分钟。
用18小时的51Cr释放试验测定细胞毒性功能,一式三份。简而言之,将1×106个靶细胞用100μl 51Cr(1mCi/ml比活)标记,37℃培养1小时。用5T33和LPS Blasts作为靶标。CTL细胞与靶细胞的连续稀释样品共孵育,每一稀释度一式三份,最大E:T比为100:1。将RPMI培养基用作阴性对照。作为阳性对照,用1%Triton X孵育细胞。在V形底96孔板上37℃孵育18小时后,从每孔中吸取70μl上清液,用Packard Cobra自动-伽马5000系列计数系统(Packard Cobra Auto-Gamma 5000Series Counting system)(美国康涅狄格州梅里登)进行计数。用以下公示计算自发释放百分比:51Cr比释放率%=(样品释放–自发释放)/(最大释放–自发释放)x 100。
小鼠体内CD4+和CD8+细胞清除
对C57Bl/6小鼠进行肿瘤攻击:给它们尾静脉或皮下接种106个5T33MM细胞。为了体内清除CD4细胞,从免疫的两天前开始给小鼠腹膜内(i.p.)注射200μg抗CD4单克隆抗体(mAb),此后每5天腹膜内(i.p.)注射200μg抗CD4单克隆抗体,直至试验结束。对照鼠注射相似体积(0.2ml)和剂量的小鼠IgG抗体(西格玛(Sigma))作为同种型对照。在试验终点通过对脾脏细胞的流式细胞术分析监测CD4+细胞清除效率。将脾脏中CD4+细胞>1.0%的动物从研究中剔除(n=2)。
与之平行的,用抗CD8MAbs(克隆2.43)进行CTL体内清除;在肿瘤形成期间直至试验终点的清除期,从第-2天开始每5天腹膜内注射每鼠0.5mg的抗体。
监测小鼠的偏瘫或皮下肿瘤发展情况,进行存活动力学比较。
流式细胞术
用抗以下分子的氟铬偶联抗体分析表型:CD2(RPA-2.10)、CD11b(ICRF44)CD57(NK-1)DNAM1(DX11)、NKp44(p44-8.1)NKp46(9E2)、NKp30(p30-15)、CD107a(H4A3)、NKG2D(1D11)(BD,富兰克林湖,NJ);NKG2C(134591)(R&D系统,英国阿宾顿);CD56(HCD56)、NKp80(5d12)、CD161(HP-3G10)、CD319(162.1)、CD352(NT-7)、(Biolegend公司,加利福尼亚州圣迭戈);CD244(C1.7)(贝克曼库尔特公司(Beckman Coulter),加尼福尼亚州贝瑞阿);Siglec 7(REA214)(美天旎(Miltenyi),布尔吉施格拉德巴赫,德国)),按照制造商程序进行操作。至于穿孔素(dG9)和端粒酶B(GB11)(BD)的胞内染色,细胞用PBS清洗后用Cytofix/Cytoperm(BD)固定和透化并于4℃孵育20分钟。固定和透化后,清洗细胞并按制造商提供的方案进行Permwash染色。
用Partec Cyflow ML或BD LSR Fortessa流式细胞仪(BD)收集所有细胞,用FlowJo软件(FlowJo有限公司(FlowJo LLC),阿什兰,OR)进行分析。
统计
用非参数克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验进行全部培养物的细胞绝对数、NK细胞百分比和细胞毒性比较。用MacOSX的GraphPad Prism第6版(Graph Pad软件公司,美国加利福尼亚州圣迭戈)进行对数秩检验以分析存活曲线的统计学显著性(p<0.05)。
结果
穿孔素和端粒酶B含量
三批NK细胞分别以RIAA、M5或M8处理转染4小时后,我们用流式细胞术(如前所述)分析NK细胞的端粒酶B和穿孔素载荷。在RIAA处理的IL2刺激NK细胞中,我们看到,相比IL2刺激的M5和M8对照,穿孔素含量提高1600–2000倍,端粒酶B含量提高800–1100倍(图2)。相比无处理细胞,M5令穿孔素含量提高141-921倍;相比无处理细胞,M8令穿孔素含量提高110-783倍。相比无处理细胞,M5令端粒酶B含量提高70-460倍;相比无处理细胞,M8令端粒酶B含量提高55-391倍。图2数据另如以下表3和表4所示。
表3
表4
TALL-104细胞用RIAA和M8转染后二、四、六小时后,用前文所述的相同组评价该伽马-德耳塔T细胞系的端粒酶B和穿孔素载荷。我们发现RIAA处理的组端粒酶B和穿孔素有类似的增加(图9)。RIAA处理的细胞表现出的穿孔素增长为270-1722。相比无处理细胞,M8令穿孔素含量提高190-381倍。相比无处理细胞,M8令穿孔素含量提高224-365倍。数据见下文表5和表6。
表5
表6
连环(serial)细胞毒性试验
如此前所述(Bhat等,2007)进行NK细胞对K562靶细胞的连环细胞毒力试验。用M5和M8激动剂以及RIAA转运纳米粒子转染IL-2激活的NK细胞,孵育通宵。然后进行细胞毒性试验。M5和M8转染的NK细胞在连环杀伤力上没有显著区别。然而,RIAA转染的细胞连环细胞毒力显著提高(图3和图4)。
体内肿瘤排斥试验
如前所述建立5T33MM肿瘤。肿瘤细胞注射后第五天给予RNA转运纳米粒子。注射6次粒子(1μg/g;500μL PBS),每2小时一次。肿瘤植入比较显示接受RIAA粒子给药的小鼠MM植入延迟(图4)。后续研究发现,在同样的试验模型中,皮下给予HEK293产EV以剂量依赖方式延长存活期(图9)。
讨论
本项研究中,我们的目标是鉴定细胞毒性淋巴细胞例如天然杀伤细胞和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B的最佳诱导剂。为了诱导RIG-I依赖性诱导,我们先用此前公开的RIG-I激动剂(M5和M8)检验RIG-I诱导提高穿孔素和端粒酶B表达的假设。虽然我们也能观察到此前报道的I型干扰素分泌增加,我们发现这两种细胞毒性颗粒都没有显著增加。相应地,我们测试了新的构建体,它比之前的构建体短很多且结构不同。通过转染或EV介导递送将该构建体导入天然杀伤细胞,结果,穿孔素表达显著且迅速提高,端粒酶B也随其后。据我们所知,这是首次报导RNA构建体令细胞毒性淋巴细胞的蛋白质谱产生如此显著的差异。
此后,我们将该RNA构建体给予此前报道过的同基因免疫健全多发性骨髓瘤(MM)试验模型,我们曾在该模型中证明活化的NK细胞以剂量依赖方式对MM排斥产生重要影响。该试验中,没有NK细胞过继转移仅有最低残留疾病确立后马上进行的短期RNA给药。相比其他测试处理,该构建体令肿瘤发展显著延迟。我们认为该现象很可能是因为细胞的连环细胞毒力增强。我们没有发现任何脱靶效应或严重副作用。然而,RNA分子体内递送仅为次优,需要进一步研发最好的平台和递送方法以实现最优的抗肿瘤活性。
对于增强活化细胞的免疫反应来说,细胞溶质RNA识别受体RIG-I和MDA-5的刺激和活化很引人注目。这样的活化会刺激广谱抗病毒效应物、细胞因子和趋化因子的合成,这些对于免疫细胞的敏化、扩增和极化具有重要作用(Beljanski等,2015)。此前发现,用5’pppRNA活化RIG-I实现了促炎和抗病毒基因的强劲表达(Chiang等,2015)。如其他文献所述,似乎构建体的长度对于抗病毒反应的强度有重要影响,如果构建体长度介于59个核苷酸至99个核苷酸,其抗病毒反应高于短构建体(Chiang等,2015)。此外,对K562的体内连环杀伤力极大提高(图2和3),并可得到体外肿瘤排斥试验的确认(图4)。这一极大提高的细胞毒活性是穿孔素和端粒酶B水平提高的直接结果。
RIAA的RNA序列和二级结构与此前公开的RIG-I激动剂M5和M8完全不同。与这另两种RNA分子相比,RIAA显著更短且没有明显的序列同源性(图6)。M5是一线性分子,一侧有一个发卡结构,M8是双侧dsRNA链,有一个发卡结构。相比之下,RIAA结构是单臂的,有一个发卡结构和一个环结构(图5)。这些结构差异使得RIAA相比其他已知RIG I激动剂的活力显著提升。
总的来说,我们证明RIAA RNA构建体诱导穿孔素和端粒酶B表达提高,继而提高体外和体内的连环选择性细胞毒力。这族分子的潜在应用可以是过继转移之前简单的离体细胞处理,或者是直接给药。已批准进一步的研究来了解这些构建体的安全性和有效性。
实施例2:体内应用
本发明的RNA构建体可通过植入/给予表达该构建体的细胞或作为小分子给予患者。这样的细胞或小分子可给患者注射或常规途径给药。然后,接受了RNA构建体的细胞将提高端粒酶B和/或穿孔素的生产和储积从而提高细胞的连环杀伤力。
可采用本领域中已知的技术,通过注射、口服、鼻腔或黏膜递送给予本发明的RNA构建体。潜在的治疗应用包括癌症、肝基因治疗、单基因异常、贮积症和肿瘤再定位基因。
可用本发明治疗的癌症包括癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病和母细胞瘤:急性淋巴细胞白血病(all)、急性髓细胞性白血病、肾上腺皮质癌、艾滋病相关癌症、肛门癌、星形细胞癌、基底细胞癌、肝外胆管癌(胆管癌)、膀胱癌、骨肿瘤(骨肉瘤/恶性纤维性组织细胞瘤)、脑干神经胶质瘤、脑癌、脑星状细胞瘤/恶性胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤、视觉途径和下丘脑胶质瘤、乳腺癌、支气管腺瘤/类癌、伯基特淋巴瘤、中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、宫颈癌、软骨肉瘤、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性髓细胞性白血病、慢性骨髓增殖性疾病、结肠癌、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞肿瘤、子宫内膜癌、室管膜细胞瘤、食道癌、尤因肉瘤、眼内黑色素瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、胆囊癌、胃(胃部)癌、胃肠道类癌肿瘤、胃肠道间质瘤(gist)、颅外或性腺外或卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤、妊娠性滋养层细胞瘤、脑干胶质瘤、儿童脑星形细胞瘤胶质瘤、毛细胞白血病、头部颈部癌、心脏癌、肝细胞(肝)癌、霍奇金淋巴瘤、眼内黑色素瘤、胰岛细胞癌(内分泌胰腺)、卡波西肉瘤、肾癌(肾细胞癌)、急性成淋巴细胞白血病(也称急性淋巴细胞性白血病)、急性髓细胞性白血病(也称急性骨髓性白血病)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病(也称慢性髓细胞性白血病)、毛细胞白血病、唇部和口腔癌、脂肪肉瘤、非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、巨球蛋白血症、瓦尔登斯特伦病男性乳腺癌、恶性骨纤维性组织细胞瘤/骨肉瘤、成神经管细胞瘤、黑色素瘤、眼内(眼部)黑色素瘤、默克尔细胞瘤、间皮瘤、转移性鳞状颈癌伴隐蔽性原发口腔癌、多发性内分泌肿瘤综合症、多发性骨髓瘤/浆细胞肿瘤、蕈样真菌病、骨髓增生异常综合症、骨髓增生异常/骨髓增殖性疾病、慢性骨髓性白血病、急性髓样白血病、骨髓性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(骨髓的癌症)、骨髓增殖性疾病、粘液瘤、鼻腔和鼻旁窦癌、鼻咽癌、成神经细胞瘤、非小细胞肺癌、少突神经胶质瘤、口腔癌、口咽癌、骨肉瘤/恶性骨纤维性组织细胞瘤、卵巢癌、卵巢上皮癌(表面上皮-基质肿瘤)、卵巢生殖细胞肿瘤、卵巢低恶性潜在肿瘤、胰腺癌、胰腺癌、鼻旁窦和鼻腔癌、甲状旁腺癌、阴茎癌、咽癌、嗜铬细胞癌、松果体星状细胞癌、松果体生殖细胞癌、松果体母细胞癌和幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤、脑垂体腺瘤、浆细胞癌/多发性骨髓瘤、胸膜肺母细胞瘤、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、前列腺癌、直肠癌、肾细胞癌(肾癌)、肾盂和输尿管移行细胞癌、视网膜母细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、唾液腺癌、软组织肉瘤、子宫肉瘤、Sézary综合症、黑色素瘤和非黑色素瘤皮肤癌、默克尔细胞皮肤癌、小细胞肺癌、小肠癌、软组织肉瘤、鳞状细胞癌、鳞状颈部癌伴隐蔽性原发胃癌、幕上原始神经外胚层肿瘤、T细胞淋巴瘤(蕈样真菌病和sézary综合症)、睾丸癌、喉癌、胸腺瘤和胸腺癌、甲状腺癌、肾盂和输尿管的移行细胞癌、滋养细胞肿瘤、输尿管和肾盂移行细胞癌、尿道癌、子宫癌、子宫肉瘤、阴道癌、视觉通路和下丘脑神经胶质瘤、外阴癌、瓦尔登斯特伦巨球蛋白血症、维尔姆斯瘤(肾癌)。
本发明还可用于治疗遗传疾病,例如:21-羟化酶缺陷、软骨发育不全症、急性间歇性卟啉症、腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶缺陷、肾上腺脑白质失养症、阿拉吉耶综合症、亚力山大病、综合症、釉质发生不全、生物素酶缺陷、CGD慢性肉芽肿病、先天性胸腺萎缩综合症(Di George's syndrome)、范可尼贫血、G6PD缺陷、脂蛋白脂肪酶缺陷、肌肉营养不良、由PHF8基因中的突变引起的邓肯型赛德李斯X连锁精神发育迟缓综合征、X染色体连锁重度联合免疫缺陷病(X-SCID)或X-连锁铁粒幼细胞性贫血(XLSA)。
可用本发明治疗的代谢疾病包括:尼曼-匹克氏病(Niemann-Pick disease)、泰伊-萨克斯二氏病(Tay-Sachs disease)、高雪氏病(Gaucher disease)、法布里病(Fabrydisease)。
实施例3:在病毒性感染(包括慢性病毒性感染)中的应用
本发明Rig I激动剂A转染细胞的杀伤力增强使得它们能够清除高病毒负荷的被感染细胞。本发明因此能够清除病毒库,使得这些被感染细胞无法感染其他细胞或释放其内容物。本发明的RNA构建体可通过植入/给予表达该构建体的细胞或作为小分子给予患者。这样的细胞或小分子可给患者注射或常规途径给药。然后,接受了RNA构建体的细胞将提高端粒酶B和/或穿孔素的生产和储积从而提高细胞的连环杀伤力。
实施例4:RIAA在干细胞中的应用
本发明的RNA构建体可用来延长干细胞的寿命。已发现,RIG I介导干细胞内的DNA修复机制。据信,本发明的给药增强RIG I活性,因而延长经本发明处理的干细胞的存活。
目前正在进行的一项实验中,向10名正在接受矫形手术的健康人供体获取cd90骨髓样品。每份样品用汉克斯(Hanks')平衡盐溶液(HBSS)稀释并用70-μm细胞过滤器过滤。
单细胞悬液与预先滴定的抗体混合物一起孵育:CD105、CD90、CD73、CD44、CD31、CD45、CD34、CD11b、HLA-DR和CD14(均来自BD生物科学公司(BD Biosciences)),室温孵育20分钟。清洗后将细胞重悬于FACS缓冲液,浓度为20×106个/ml。用配备405、488、561和633激光的Aria III(BD生物科学公司)进行细胞分选。回收细胞,在含20%FCS的DMEM中培养至融合。
将MSCS接种到烧瓶内,接种24小时后进行RIAA转染。如前所述,它们是用293系统由外泌体产生的。
对间充质干细胞(“MSC”)在创伤模型中的体内愈创能力进行测评。在第8代,按此前所述(Deskins DL,Ardestani S,Young PP.聚乙烯醇海绵模型植入(“The polyvinylalcohol sponge model implantation”).J Vis Exp.2012;(62):3885.),将未经和经RIAA处理的选定MSC细胞系上样到聚乙烯醇海绵上并植入NOD/SCID免疫缺陷小鼠。简而言之,在盐水溶液中对海绵进行水合和灭菌。每个MSC细胞系三块海绵,各加载配制在25μl磷酸盐缓冲盐水中的7.5×106个细胞。每个小鼠植入三块海绵,每块海绵含不同的MSC细胞系。植入后21天,取出全部海绵,对半切开后于10%缓冲福尔马林中保存24小时。福尔马林浸泡后,将海绵切面向下封入石蜡,切片染色。
如图7和图8所示,据信,RIAA处理的MSC细胞系生长情况显著优于对照。这些细胞中CD90上调提示RIAA处理的细胞在肿瘤抑制中有直接或替代作用(参考文献1)。Abeysinghe HR,Cao Q,Xu J,Pollock S,Veyberman Y,Guckert NL,Keng P,Wang N(2003).“THY1表达与人卵巢癌的肿瘤抑制有关”("THY1expression is associated withtumor suppression of human ovarian cancer")。Cancer Genet.Cytogenet.143(2):125–32.doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(02)00855-5.PMID 12781446.也很重要的是用RIAA刺激提高MSC和HSC植入和粘附的可能性,因为CD90明确与细胞粘附、外渗(extravasation)和回归(homing)相关。Rege TA,Hagood JS(2006).“Thy-1作为轴突再生、细胞凋亡、粘附、迁移、癌症和纤维化中细胞-细胞和细胞-基质相互作用的调节剂”(“”)。FASEB J.20(8):1045–54.doi:10.1096/fj.05-5460rev.PMID 16770003。Wetzel A,Chavakis T,Preissner KT,Sticherling M,Haustein UF,Anderegg U,Saalbach A(2004).“活化内皮细胞上的人Thy-1(CD90)是白细胞整合素Mac-1(CD11b/CD18)的反受体”(“)(摘要页)。J.Immunol.172(6):3850–9.doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.6.3850.PMID 15004192。
实施例5:过继细胞转移
在最优选的应用之一中,Rig I激动剂用于在向患者过继细胞转移前处理细胞。采用前文所述方案,RIAA可用于离体操作期间的任何时刻。Rig I激动剂在培养中的优选浓度为约0.4mM至约10mM。最优选0.5mM至6mM。由此,这些细胞可用本领域中熟知的方案冷冻留待后续输注时或立即输注。Rig I激动剂可体内和离体单剂量或重复施用,采用的剂量窗为该抑制剂的血清浓度达0.4~6uM,优选较低的剂量。这样的过继细胞转移可用于治疗前文实施例3中所述的病症。
实施例6:病毒性炎症的治疗
本发明还可用于治疗患有病毒性感染引起的炎症(如肌炎、心肌炎、病毒性关节炎、病毒性脑炎和脑膜炎)的患者。针对这些疾病时,Rig I激动剂可与抗病毒治疗联合给药以减少或停止免疫系统对病毒的识别,从而减轻、防止或消除炎症。这只可与不依赖于或不完全利用免疫应答的抗病毒治疗联用。这类抗病毒剂包括:金刚烷抗病毒物质,如金刚烷胺(amandatind)和金刚乙胺;抗病毒增效剂,如利托那韦和可比司他;趋化因子受体拮抗剂,如马拉维诺;整合酶链转移抑制剂,如马拉维诺、度鲁特韦和埃替格韦;混合抗病毒物质,如索菲布韦、恩夫韦肽、膦甲酸和福米韦生;神经氨酸酶抑制剂,如帕拉米韦、奥司他韦和扎纳米韦;非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NNRTI),如法韦伦(favirenz)、奈韦拉平、地拉夫定、依曲韦林和利匹韦林;NS5a抑制剂,如达卡他韦;核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTI),如齐多夫定、地达诺新、司他夫定、拉米夫定、阿巴卡韦、恩曲他滨和恩替卡韦;蛋白酶抑制剂,如沙奎那韦、利托那韦、茚地那韦、奈非那韦、安普那韦、洛匹那韦、阿扎那韦、福沙那韦、替拉那韦和地瑞那韦;以及,嘌呤核苷物质,如利巴韦林、伐昔洛韦、泛昔洛韦、阿昔洛韦、更昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦和西多福韦。这些药物单独和联用的剂量指导是本领域熟知的。
实施例7:RNA病毒治疗体内效力提高
Rig I激动剂还可用于体内给药以提高基于RNA病毒的溶瘤病毒疗法(例如水疱性口炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、呼肠孤病毒、塞内卡病毒、ECHO病毒如Rigvir病毒)的体内效力,其适应症可为例如膀胱癌、脑肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、肝细胞癌、黑色素瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、前列腺癌、软组织肉瘤和实体瘤。Rig I激动剂有助于抑制胞内抗病毒防御机制,由此提高肿瘤内溶瘤病毒的分布效果。体内给予Rig I激动剂的目标血清水平在0.2至6mM之间。
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尽管以上就本发明的基本创新特征进行了展示、描述和提点,如优选实施方案的描述,但应理解,文本对于本发明构思的揭示是广义的,在本发明构思的范围内本领域技术人员可以对文中所示分子的形式和细节、其操作和使用方法进行各种缺省、替换和改变。
参考文献
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序列表
<110> 维萨列克斯股份有限公司(Vycellix Inc.)
<120> 新型RNA分子及其使用方法
<130> 200020.0005
<150> 62316679
<151> 2016-04-01
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 55
<212> RNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成RNA序列
<400> 1
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<210> 2
<211> 60
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 合成RNA序列
<400> 2
gacgaagacc acaaaaccag ataaaaaata attttttatc tggttttgtg gtcttcgtcc 60
<210> 3
<211> 99
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 人工DNA
<400> 3
gacgaagacc acaaaaccag ataaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaata attttttttt 60
tttttttttt tttttttatc tggttttgtg gtcttcgtc 99
Claims (65)
1.一种含RNA分子的Rig I激动剂,所述RNA分子具有中心发卡结构和内部环结构,其中,所述内部环结构与所述发卡结构之间有7-80个碱基,且其中所述RNA分子的序列如SEQID NO: 1所示。
2. 如权利要求1所述的Rig I激动剂,所述环结构两侧各有至少一个GC互补碱基对。
3.如权利要求2所述的Rig I激动剂,所述GC互补碱基对在中央环结构各侧的2-5碱基对之内。
4.如权利要求1所述的Rig I激动剂,中央环结构具有AU互补碱基对。
5.SEQ ID NO 1所示的RNA分子。
6.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂在制备用于提高细胞毒性细胞内端粒酶B水平的产品中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂与IL2联合给予。
8.如权利要求6所述的应用,其中,端粒酶B水平的提高系数为无处理细胞端粒酶B水平的800-1100倍。
9.如权利要求7所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂与IL2联合给予。
10. 如权利要求9所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子。
11.如权利要求6-10中任一项所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
12.如权利要求11所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
13.如权利要求6-10中任一项所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是CD8细胞。
14.如权利要求6-10中任一项所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是淋巴细胞。
15. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂在制备用于提高细胞毒性细胞内穿孔素水平的产品中的应用。
16. 如权利要求15所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子。
17. 如权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂与IL2联合给予。
18.如权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,穿孔素水平的提高系数为无处理细胞穿孔素水平的1600-2000倍。
19.如权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
20.如权利要求19所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
21.如权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是CD8细胞。
22.如权利要求15或16所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是淋巴细胞。
23.SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子在制备用于提高细胞毒性细胞中穿孔素和端粒酶B水平的产品中的应用。
24.如权利要求23所述的应用,其中,所述RNA分子与IL2联合给予。
25.如权利要求23所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
26.如权利要求25所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
27.如权利要求23所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是CD8细胞。
28.如权利要求23所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是淋巴细胞。
29.至少一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂或如权利要求5所述的RNA分子在制备用于治疗有需要的患者中癌症的产品中的应用。
30.至少一种如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂或如权利要求5所述的RNA分子在制备用于治疗有需要的患者中病毒性感染的产品中的应用。
31.如权利要求30所述的应用,其中所述病毒性感染是慢性病毒性感染。
32. 一种细胞毒性细胞,其包含SEQ ID NO: 1所示的RNA分子。
33.经有效抑制胞内防御机制的如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂处理的细胞在制备用于治疗患有能用过继细胞转移治疗的疾病的患者的产品中的应用。
34.如权利要求33的应用,其中,所述患者还接受IL2。
35. 如权利要求33或34所述的应用,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1所示的RNA分子。
36.权利要求32所述的细胞毒性细胞在制备用于治疗癌症或慢性感染性疾病患者的产品中的应用。
37.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂、或权利要求5所述的RNA的构建体在制备用于提高干细胞存活力或植入和/或提高干细胞扩增、递送或疗效的产品中的应用。
38.如权利要求37所述的应用,所述产品还包括IL2或与IL2联合给予。
39. 如权利要求37或38所述的应用,其中,所述RNA是SEQ ID NO:1的RNA分子。
40.由经权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂处理的细胞毒性细胞分离的胞外囊泡在制备用于延长患癌哺乳动物存活期的产品中的应用。
41.如权利要求40的应用,其中,所述哺乳动物还接受IL2。
42. 如权利要求40或41所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA序列。
43. 如权利要求40所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是HEK 293细胞。
44.如权利要求40所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
45.如权利要求44所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
46.如权利要求40所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是CD8细胞。
47.如权利要求40所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是淋巴细胞。
48. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂与至少一种以下物质:双特异性杀伤细胞接合子(“BIKE”)、三特异性杀伤细胞接合子(“TRIKE”)或单克隆抗体在制备用于增强细胞毒性细胞活化的产品中的应用。
49. 如权利要求48所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子。
50.如权利要求48或49所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是HEK293细胞。
51.如权利要求48或49所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
52.如权利要求51所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
53.如权利要求48或49所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是CD8细胞。
54.如权利要求48或49所述的应用,其中,所述细胞毒性细胞是淋巴细胞。
55.递送如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂的靶向溶瘤性病毒、病毒载体、单克隆抗体或转运和/或细胞渗透肽或递送如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂转染细胞所产的胞外囊泡在用于制备增强肿瘤微环境中免疫反应的产品中的应用。
56. 如权利要求55所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子。
57.如权利要求55或56所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是天然杀伤细胞。
58.如权利要求57所述的应用,其中,所述天然杀伤细胞是NK92细胞。
59.如权利要求55或56所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是CD8阳性细胞。
60.如权利要求59所述的应用,其中,所述CD8阳性细胞是TALL细胞。
61.权利要求55或56中任一项所述的应用,所述细胞是淋巴细胞。
62. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的Rig I激动剂在制备用于提高细胞中CD90表达的产品中的应用。
63. 如权利要求62所述的应用,其中,所述Rig I激动剂是SEQ ID NO: 1的RNA分子。
64.如权利要求62所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是间充质基质细胞。
65.如权利要求62所述的应用,其中,所述细胞是造血干细胞。
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WO2018172546A1 (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-09-27 | Rigontec Gmbh | Method for designing rig-i ligands |
BR112019021520A2 (pt) | 2017-04-14 | 2020-08-04 | Tollnine, Inc. | oligonucleotídeo, composto, polinucleotídeo imunomodulador, composição, conjugado, método para modular um receptor, método de tratamento de um tumor, método de tratamento de câncer, método para tratar um tumor, método de prevenção de câncer, método para induzir uma resposta imune |
US20200368268A1 (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2020-11-26 | Novartis Ag | Immune-enhancing rnas for combination with chimeric antigen receptor therapy |
AU2019255370B2 (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2023-11-02 | Checkmate Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Synthetic RIG-I-like receptor agonists |
WO2019204179A1 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Novel substituted rig-i agonists: compositions and methods thereof |
EP3873532A1 (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-09-08 | Novartis AG | Dc-sign antibody drug conjugates |
WO2020225779A1 (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-12 | Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti | Rig-i agonists for cancer treatment and immunotherapy |
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US11920136B2 (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2024-03-05 | Tallac Therapeutics, Inc. | Transglutaminase-mediated conjugation |
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