CN108878594A - 一种硅异质结光伏电池及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种硅异质结光伏电池及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002042 Silver nanowire Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MURCDOXDAHPNRQ-ZJKZPDEISA-N L-685,458 Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@H](O)C[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(N)=O)CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MURCDOXDAHPNRQ-ZJKZPDEISA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] Chemical compound [Cu].[Se].[Se].[In] KTSFMFGEAAANTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种硅异质结光伏电池及其制造方法,该方法包括以下步骤:对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理;在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面依次沉积第一本征非晶硅层、第一P型非晶硅层、第二P型非晶硅层、第三P型非晶硅层、第四P型非晶硅层;接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层;接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层;接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏电池技术领域,特别是涉及一种硅异质结光伏电池及其制造方法。
背景技术
石化能源作为不可再生能源,由于大量的使用消耗导致石化能源逐渐枯竭,新型可再生能源如太阳能、风能逐渐兴起。太阳能电池作为一种直接将太阳能转换为电能的装置,具有装配形式多样、取之不尽、用之不竭、绿色无污染等优点,近年来得到了大力发展。太阳能电池的种类繁多,具体包括单晶硅太阳能电池、多晶硅太阳能电池、硅异质结太阳能电池、非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池、砷化镓太阳能电池、铜铟镓硒系太阳能电池、碲化镉太阳能电池、染料敏化电池、有机太阳能电池、有机无机杂化太阳能电池、钙钛矿太阳能电池等种类的太阳能电池。其中,在硅异质结太阳能电池的发展历程中,通常是改善硅基底的掺杂类型、硅基底的表面形貌、栅极的制备工艺、透明导电层的退火工艺以及电池的具体结构等工艺,以提高硅异质结太阳能电池的光电转换效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种硅异质结光伏电池及其制造方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提供一N型单晶硅片,对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理,在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面和下表面均形成类金字塔微结构;
2)接着对所述N型单晶硅片进行甲基化处理,以在所述N型单晶硅片的上下表面形成Si-CH3键;
3)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面沉积第一本征非晶硅层,接着在所述第一本征非晶硅层上沉积第一P型非晶硅层;
4)接着在第一P型非晶硅层上沉积第二P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度;
5)接着在第二P型非晶硅层上沉积第三P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
6)接着在第三P型非晶硅层上沉积第四P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
7)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度以及所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第四N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
8)接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层;
9)接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极。
作为优选,在所述步骤(2)中,首先将所述N型单晶硅片在HF溶液中处理5-10分钟,接着将该N型单晶硅片浸入饱和五氯化磷的氯苯溶液中并在110-120℃下保持2-4小时,然后将该N型单晶硅片浸入甲基氯化镁的四氢呋喃溶液中并在60-80℃下保持9-12小时,最后清洗该N型单晶硅片。
作为优选,在所述步骤(3)中,所述第一本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-8纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3。
作为优选,在所述步骤(4)-(6)中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第三P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,第四P型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5-2.5纳米,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1018cm-3-6×1019cm-3,所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度为1017cm-3-3×1018cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1019cm-3-1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3。
作为优选,在所述步骤(7)中,所述第二本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-10纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第二N型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5-3.5纳米,所述第三N型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第四N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米。
作为优选,在所述步骤(7)中,所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1018cm-3-9×1019cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为2×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1020cm-3-1021cm-3。
作为优选,在所述步骤(8)中,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的厚度为200-600纳米,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材质为AZO、ITO、FTO、石墨烯、银纳米线以及碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
作为优选,在所述步骤(9)中,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的厚度为300-800纳米,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的材质为银、铜、金、钛、钯、铝中的一种或多种。
本发明还提出一种硅异质结光伏电池,其采用上述方法制备形成的。
本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
本发明的硅异质结光伏电池的制造过程中,选择N型单晶硅片为硅基底,通过优化N型单晶硅片的上下表面的P型非晶硅层和N型非晶硅层的层数、各子层的厚度以及各子层的掺杂浓度的大小关系以及具体数值,有利于该硅异质结光伏电池中的电子和空穴的分离与传输,进而有效提高了该硅异质结光伏电池的短路电流和填充因子,进而提高该硅异质结光伏电池的光电转换效率。同时本发明的制造方法简单易行,且与现有的制备工艺相兼容。
附图说明
图1为本发明的硅异质结光伏电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提出一种硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提供一N型单晶硅片,对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理,在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面和下表面均形成类金字塔微结构。
2)接着对所述N型单晶硅片进行甲基化处理,以在所述N型单晶硅片的上下表面形成Si-CH3键,具体步骤为:首先将所述N型单晶硅片在HF溶液中处理5-10分钟,接着将该N型单晶硅片浸入饱和五氯化磷的氯苯溶液中并在110-120℃下保持2-4小时,然后将该N型单晶硅片浸入甲基氯化镁的四氢呋喃溶液中并在60-80℃下保持9-12小时,最后清洗该N型单晶硅片。
3)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面沉积第一本征非晶硅层,接着在所述第一本征非晶硅层上沉积第一P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第一本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-8纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3。
4)接着在第一P型非晶硅层上沉积第二P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度。
5)接着在第二P型非晶硅层上沉积第三P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
6)接着在第三P型非晶硅层上沉积第四P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
在所述步骤(4)-(6)中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第三P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,第四P型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5-2.5纳米,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1018cm-3-6×1019cm-3,所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度为1017cm-3-3×1018cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1019cm-3-1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3。
7)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度以及所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第四N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,其中,所述第二本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-10纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第二N型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5-3.5纳米,所述第三N型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第四N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1018cm-3-9×1019cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为2×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1020cm-3-1021cm-3。
8)接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的厚度为200-600纳米,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材质为AZO、ITO、FTO、石墨烯、银纳米线以及碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
9)接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极,其中,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的厚度为300-800纳米,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的材质为银、铜、金、钛、钯、铝中的一种或多种。
如图1所示,本发明提出一种硅异质结光伏电池,所述硅异质结光伏电池包括N型单晶硅片1,在所述N型单晶硅片1的上表面依次设置有第一本征非晶硅层2、第一P型非晶硅层31、第二P型非晶硅层32、第三P型非晶硅层33、第四P型非晶硅层34、第一透明导电层4以及正面电极5,在所述N型单晶硅片1的下表面依次设置有第二本征非晶硅层6、第一N型非晶硅层71、第二N型非晶硅层72、第三N型非晶硅层73、第四N型非晶硅层74、第二透明导电层8以及背面电极9。
实施例1:
一种硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提供一N型单晶硅片,对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理,在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面和下表面均形成类金字塔微结构。
2)接着对所述N型单晶硅片进行甲基化处理,以在所述N型单晶硅片的上下表面形成Si-CH3键,具体步骤为:首先将所述N型单晶硅片在HF溶液中处理8分钟,接着将该N型单晶硅片浸入饱和五氯化磷的氯苯溶液中并在115℃下保持3小时,然后将该N型单晶硅片浸入甲基氯化镁的四氢呋喃溶液中并在75℃下保持10小时,最后清洗该N型单晶硅片。
3)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面沉积第一本征非晶硅层,接着在所述第一本征非晶硅层上沉积第一P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第一本征非晶硅层的厚度为6纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为6×1019cm-3。
4)接着在第一P型非晶硅层上沉积第二P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度。
5)接着在第二P型非晶硅层上沉积第三P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
6)接着在第三P型非晶硅层上沉积第四P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
在所述步骤(4)-(6)中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5纳米,所述第三P型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5纳米,第四P型非晶硅层的厚度为2纳米,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1018cm-3,所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度为5×1017cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1019cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为2×1020cm-3。
7)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度以及所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第四N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,其中,所述第二本征非晶硅层的厚度为8纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5纳米,所述第二N型非晶硅层的厚度为3纳米,所述第三N型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5纳米,所述第四N型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1020cm-3,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为2×1019cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为6×1020cm-3。
8)接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的厚度为400纳米,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材质为AZO、ITO、FTO、石墨烯、银纳米线以及碳纳米管中的一种。
9)接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极,其中,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的厚度为600纳米,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的材质为银。
该硅异质结光伏电池的效率为24.7%。
实施例2
一种硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提供一N型单晶硅片,对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理,在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面和下表面均形成类金字塔微结构。
2)接着对所述N型单晶硅片进行甲基化处理,以在所述N型单晶硅片的上下表面形成Si-CH3键,具体步骤为:首先将所述N型单晶硅片在HF溶液中处理10分钟,接着将该N型单晶硅片浸入饱和五氯化磷的氯苯溶液中并在120℃下保持2小时,然后将该N型单晶硅片浸入甲基氯化镁的四氢呋喃溶液中并在80℃下保持12小时,最后清洗该N型单晶硅片。
3)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面沉积第一本征非晶硅层,接着在所述第一本征非晶硅层上沉积第一P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第一本征非晶硅层的厚度为8纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的厚度为2纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1020cm-3。
4)接着在第一P型非晶硅层上沉积第二P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度。
5)接着在第二P型非晶硅层上沉积第三P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
6)接着在第三P型非晶硅层上沉积第四P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度。
在所述步骤(4)-(6)中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的厚度为2纳米,所述第三P型非晶硅层的厚度为1纳米,第四P型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5纳米,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1019cm-3,所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度为2×1018cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1020cm-3。
7)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度以及所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第四N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,其中,所述第二本征非晶硅层的厚度为8纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的厚度为1纳米,所述第二N型非晶硅层的厚度为3.5纳米,所述第三N型非晶硅层的厚度为2纳米,所述第四N型非晶硅层的厚度为2纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1020cm-3,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1019cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为6×1019cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1020cm-3。
8)接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的厚度为600纳米,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材质为AZO、ITO、FTO、石墨烯、银纳米线以及碳纳米管中的多种。
9)接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极,其中,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的厚度为800纳米,所述正面电极和所述背面电极为层叠的钛、钯以及银。
该硅异质结光伏电池的效率为24.2%。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)提供一N型单晶硅片,对所述N型单晶硅片进行双面制绒处理,在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面和下表面均形成类金字塔微结构;
2)接着对所述N型单晶硅片进行甲基化处理,以在所述N型单晶硅片的上下表面形成Si-CH3键;
3)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的上表面沉积第一本征非晶硅层,接着在所述第一本征非晶硅层上沉积第一P型非晶硅层;
4)接着在第一P型非晶硅层上沉积第二P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度;
5)接着在第二P型非晶硅层上沉积第三P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,且所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
6)接着在第三P型非晶硅层上沉积第四P型非晶硅层,其中,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
7)接着在所述N型单晶硅片的下表面依次沉积第二本征非晶硅层、第一N型非晶硅层、第二N型非晶硅层、第三N型非晶硅层以及第四N型非晶硅层,其中,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度以及所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度小于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第三N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度,所述第四N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度大于所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度;
8)接着在所述第四P型非晶硅层上沉积第一透明导电层,接着在所述第四N型非晶硅层上沉积第二透明导电层;
9)接着在所述第一透明导电层上沉积正面电极,并在所述第二透明导电层上沉积背面电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(2)中,首先将所述N型单晶硅片在HF溶液中处理5-10分钟,接着将该N型单晶硅片浸入饱和五氯化磷的氯苯溶液中并在110-120℃下保持2-4小时,然后将该N型单晶硅片浸入甲基氯化镁的四氢呋喃溶液中并在60-80℃下保持9-12小时,最后清洗该N型单晶硅片。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(3)中,所述第一本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-8纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第一P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为3×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3。
4.根据权利要求3所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(4)-(6)中,所述第二P型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第三P型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,第四P型非晶硅层的厚度为1.5-2.5纳米,所述第二P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1018cm-3-6×1019cm-3,所述N型单晶硅片的掺杂浓度为1017cm-3-3×1018cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1019cm-3-1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3。
5.根据权利要求4所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(7)中,所述第二本征非晶硅层的厚度为5-10纳米,所述第一N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米,所述第二N型非晶硅层的厚度为2.5-3.5纳米,所述第三N型非晶硅层的厚度为2-3纳米,所述第四N型非晶硅层的厚度为1-2纳米。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(7)中,所述第一N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3-6×1020cm-3,所述第二N型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为8×1018cm-3-9×1019cm-3,所述第三P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为2×1019cm-3-2×1020cm-3,所述第四P型非晶硅层的掺杂浓度为1020cm-3-1021cm-3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制造方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(8)中,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的厚度为200-600纳米,所述第一透明导电层和所述第二透明导电层的材质为AZO、ITO、FTO、石墨烯、银纳米线以及碳纳米管中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的硅异质结光伏电池的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(9)中,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的厚度为300-800纳米,所述正面电极和所述背面电极的材质为银、铜、金、钛、钯、铝中的一种或多种。
9.一种硅异质结光伏电池,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法制备形成的。
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