CN108867810B - Tea garden slope ground source pollution control system - Google Patents

Tea garden slope ground source pollution control system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108867810B
CN108867810B CN201810892617.7A CN201810892617A CN108867810B CN 108867810 B CN108867810 B CN 108867810B CN 201810892617 A CN201810892617 A CN 201810892617A CN 108867810 B CN108867810 B CN 108867810B
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China
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pipe
tea garden
plastic
drip irrigation
source pollution
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CN201810892617.7A
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CN108867810A (en
Inventor
黄蔚
陈开宁
马书占
刘成
李恒鹏
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B11/00—Arrangements or adaptations of tanks for water supply
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
    • E03B7/074—Arrangement of water treatment devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
    • E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

A ground source pollution control system for tea garden slopes comprises a rainwater collection and diversion system and a drip irrigation system; the rainwater collection and flow guide system comprises a plastic pipe with a grooved surface, a three-way pipe, a water storage container, a drainage main pipe and a regulation sedimentation tank; the plastic pipe is fixed on the sloping field through a pipe bracket, and the cross section part of the plastic pipe is buried in the soil; the tail end of the plastic pipe is connected with the main drainage pipe through a three-way pipe, and the branch pipe of the three-way pipe is connected with the water storage container; the tail end of the main drainage pipeline is connected with a regulating and accumulating sedimentation tank; the drip irrigation system comprises a filter, a valve and a drip irrigation pipeline, wherein the filter is arranged in the water storage container, and a water outlet of the filter is connected with the drip irrigation pipeline through the valve; the drip irrigation pipeline is arranged below the plastic pipe. The system can effectively intercept surface runoff generated by the initial rainwater of the tea garden, and recycle nutrient elements in the initial rainwater, so that the non-point source pollution of the tea garden on the sloping field is reduced.

Description

Tea garden slope ground source pollution control system
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a tea garden slope ground source pollution control system.
Background
The tea garden in the Zhejiang area takes hilly and mountainous areas as the main terrain, has high coverage of natural vegetation, and plays an important role in the ecological safety aspect of the area. In recent years, with the development of social economy, the contradiction between people is increasingly serious. In order to promote agricultural sustainable development, local governments are led out to encourage policies for development in hilly and mountainous areas, resulting in a significant increase in the nationwide tea planting area. The hilly area has large terrain gradient, and development in a large area causes vegetation coverage reduction and water and soil loss aggravation. Blue book of world tea industry: world tea industry development report (2017) indicates that the world tea industry has rapidly developed since this century and that tea garden planting area and tea yield have increased substantially. According to statistics of the international tea committee, china is the largest tea planting country in the world and is also the country with the fastest area acceleration of tea gardens, the area of the tea garden in 2014 is 265 ten thousand hectares, and the area of the tea garden is increased by 156 ten thousand hectares compared with that in 2000, and the increase of the area is 143%. Mountain soils are relatively barren and tea farmers often apply large amounts of fertilizer in order to obtain higher tea yields. Due to lack of scientific fertilization, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers in tea gardens is low, the utilization rate of agricultural nitrogen fertilizer in China is only about 30%, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is 10% -25%, and the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus is lower when tea gardens are all located in mountain areas. The fertilizer is far lower than 60-70% of the developed world, and the lower fertilizer utilization rate means higher fertilizer loss rate, and a large amount of fertilizer is gathered into the downstream along with surface runoff, so that serious non-point source pollution is caused. Non-point source pollution is one of the important causes of eutrophication of water.
Aiming at agricultural non-point source pollution in plain areas, environmental workers develop various ecological measures to control nitrogen and phosphorus loss; however, tea garden surface source reduction has certain specificity: the tea tree is suitable for being planted on sloping fields, not only meets the environmental requirement of tea tree growth, but also can enhance the drainage capacity of tea gardens. The fertilizer is required to be continuously applied to the whole growth period of the tea garden, and in the tea garden with good drainage, rainfall can quickly form surface runoff, the applied fertilizer is washed away, and the fertilizer loss not only increases the investment of the tea garden, but also causes serious water pollution. The pollution load in the runoff generated by the initial rainwater is highest, and because the initial rainwater is fused with elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the air, nutrient elements weakly adsorbed in the soil of the tea garden sloping field are dissolved out in a large amount along with the surface runoff in the early stage of rainfall. From the perspective of recycling resources, the surface runoff generated by the initial rainwater is rich in nutrient elements, is an important fertilizer, and can save cost if being used for crops. The economic tea garden non-point source pollution control system is established, the runoff production is reduced, the effect that small rain cannot leave the garden, medium rain can be stored and large rain can be discharged can be realized, and the economic tea garden non-point source pollution control system has important practical significance for improving the fertilizer utilization rate and reducing the nutrient loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the problem that the prior art lacks in treating the surface runoff of a tea garden, and provides a system for controlling the ground source pollution of the tea garden slope, which can effectively intercept the surface runoff generated by initial rainwater of the tea garden, recycle nutrient elements in the initial rainwater and reduce the ground source pollution of the tea garden on the slope.
The above object of the present application is achieved by:
a ground source pollution control system for tea garden slopes comprises a rainwater collection and diversion system and a drip irrigation system;
the rainwater collection and flow guide system comprises a plastic pipe with a grooved surface, a three-way pipe, a water storage container, a drainage main pipe and a regulation sedimentation tank; the plastic pipe is fixed on the sloping field through a pipe bracket, and the cross section part of the plastic pipe is buried in the soil; the tail end of the plastic pipe is connected with the main drainage pipe through a three-way pipe, and the branch pipe of the three-way pipe is connected with the water storage container; the tail end of the main drainage pipeline is connected with a regulating and accumulating sedimentation tank;
the drip irrigation system comprises a filter, a valve and a drip irrigation pipeline, wherein the filter is arranged in the water storage container, and a water outlet of the filter is connected with the drip irrigation pipeline through the valve; the drip irrigation pipeline is arranged below the plastic pipe.
As a further improvement of the application, the three-way pipe is a special-shaped three-way pipe with a small inner diameter and a large inner diameter; the bottom of the branch pipe is provided with a supporting net, and floating balls are placed on the supporting net; the outer diameter of the floating ball is slightly larger than the minimum inner diameter of the branch pipe. The special-shaped three-way pipe, the floating ball and the supporting net can form a valve structure, and after the water level of the water storage container rises, the floating ball rises along with the water level to seal the water inlet. The external diameter of the floating ball is slightly larger than the minimum internal diameter of the branch pipe, the water inlet can be just plugged, and is generally 1cm, and the full water capacity of the water storage container can be reduced when the external diameter of the floating ball is too large.
As a further development of the application, the plastic pipes are arranged transversely along the contour, the plastic pipe installation gradient being less than 5 degrees. Tea is planted transversely along the contour line, the plastic pipe is installed parallel to the contour line, a certain gradient can be arranged for rapid rainwater collection, and the gradient is less than 5 degrees.
As a further improvement of the application, the plastic pipe is grooved on one side, and the grooving direction is parallel to the cross section of the plastic pipe.
As a further development of the application, the stainless steel wire mesh has a width slightly longer than half the circumference of the plastic tube. Further, the stainless steel wire mesh is fixed on the plastic pipe by a nylon ribbon, so that the stainless steel wire mesh is prevented from shifting due to water flow.
As a further improvement of the application, the tangent line of the slotting center of the plastic pipe is parallel to the slope, and 1/4-1/3 of the transverse section of the plastic pipe is buried in the soil.
As a further improvement of the application, a long rod screw and a nut are arranged in the middle of the pipeline bracket, and the vertical positioning of the plastic pipe is finely adjusted through a screw-nut structure.
As a further improvement of the application, the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipe is 150mm higher than the bottom of the water storage container. The drip irrigation mainly uses the height difference of two adjacent water storage containers to provide power for the drip irrigation of the vegetation on the sloping field; sediment can be deposited at the bottom of the water storage container, so that the water inlet of the drip irrigation pipeline is lifted, and sediment invasion is avoided. Further, drip irrigation pipes are arranged below the slotted plastic pipes and are fixed by nylon ties.
As a further improvement of the application, the water storage container is an oxford plastic bucket. The oxford plastic bucket is durable and convenient for field installation.
As a further improvement of the application, the bottom of the water storage container is provided with a mud valve. The diameter of the mud valve is about 100mm, and the mud valve is used for periodically discharging sediment deposited at the bottom.
According to the tea garden slope ground source pollution control system, the branch pipes of the three-way pipe are connected with the water storage container, and initial surface runoffs are collected; the main pipe is connected with the plastic pipe and connected with the main drainage pipe, and the surface runoff of the later-stage sloping field is directly transmitted to the toe ditch regulation sedimentation tank through the main drainage pipe, so that erosion of the heavy rain runoff to the sloping field is reduced. When the tea garden needs to be irrigated, the valve is opened, the filter is arranged at the valve to filter water tiny particles, so that the drip irrigation pore canal is prevented from being blocked, and the drip irrigation pipeline is utilized to supplement the initial rainwater rich in nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the tea land.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
(1) Reducing the amount of pollutants from the source, efficiently collecting surface runoff formed by initial rainwater, and reducing the pollution load of a non-point source;
(2) Recycling resources, and reutilizing surface runoffs with heavy early pollution loads by using a gravity drip irrigation system;
(3) The fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the nutrient loss is reduced, and the irrigation cost of the tea garden is reduced;
(4) During heavy rain, surface runoff can directly flow into a downstream sedimentation tank through a drainage pipeline, so that the scouring strength of heavy rain to the tea garden sloping field is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tea garden slope ground source pollution control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a plastic tube structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water storage container;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-way structure of a floating ball;
1. slotted plastic tube; 2. a drip irrigation pipe; 3. a valve; 4. a floating ball tee joint; 5. a mud valve; 6. a water storage container; 7. a main drain pipe; 8. regulating and accumulating a sedimentation tank; 9. a filter; 10. a support net; 11. a floating ball; 12. stainless steel wire mesh; 13. a conduit bracket; 14. a three-way pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. The protective scope of the application is not limited to the specific embodiments but is defined by the claims.
Example 1
The tea garden slope ground source pollution control system shown in fig. 1 comprises a rainwater collection and diversion system and a drip irrigation system; the rainwater collection and diversion system comprises a plastic pipe 1 with a grooved surface, a three-way pipe 14, a water storage container 6, a main drainage pipe 7 and a regulating and settling pond 8; the plastic pipe 1 is fixed on the sloping field through a pipeline bracket 13, and the cross section part of the plastic pipe 1 is buried in the soil; the tail end of the plastic pipe 1 is connected with a main drainage pipe 7 through a three-way pipe 4, and a branch pipe of the three-way pipe 14 is connected with a water storage container 6; the tail end of the main drainage pipeline 7 is connected with a regulating and accumulating sedimentation tank 8. The drip irrigation system comprises a filter 9, a valve 3 and a drip irrigation pipeline 2, wherein the filter 9 is arranged in the water storage container 6, and the water outlet of the filter 9 is connected with the drip irrigation pipeline 2 through the valve 3; the drip irrigation pipeline 2 is arranged below the plastic pipe 1 and is fixed by nylon ties.
As shown in fig. 2, a stainless steel wire mesh 12 is covered over the slotted plastic tube 1. The slotted plastic pipe 1 is arranged transversely along the contour line and is fixed on the sloping field by a pipe bracket 13. The plastic pipe 1 is grooved on one side, and the grooving direction is parallel to the cross section of the plastic pipe 1. The stainless steel wire mesh 12 covers the notch of the plastic pipe 1, the width of the stainless steel wire mesh 12 is slightly longer than one half of the circumference of the plastic pipe 1, and the stainless steel wire mesh is wrapped on the half surface of the plastic pipe 1, so that large-particle broken stones are prevented from entering the plastic pipe 1 along with surface runoff. The stainless steel wire mesh 12 is fixed on the plastic tube 1 by nylon ties. Tea is planted transversely along the contour line, the plastic pipe 1 is installed parallel to the contour line, a certain gradient can be arranged for rapid rainwater collection, and the gradient is less than 5 degrees. The tangent line of the center of the slotting of the plastic pipe 1 is parallel to the slope, 1/4-1/3 of the transverse section of the plastic pipe 1 is buried in the soil, and the plastic pipe 1 is fixed on the slope by a pipeline bracket 13. The middle part of the pipeline bracket 13 is provided with a long rod screw, and the vertical positioning of the plastic pipe can be finely adjusted by combining with a nut. The tail end of the plastic pipe 1 is connected with a floating ball tee joint 4.
The floating ball tee 4 consists of a tee pipe 14, a floating ball 11 and a supporting net 10. As shown in fig. 4, the tee 14 is a special-shaped tee with a smaller inside diameter and a larger outside diameter; the bottom of the branch pipe is provided with a supporting net 10, and a floating ball 11 is arranged on the supporting net 10; the outer diameter of the floating ball 11 is slightly larger than the minimum inner diameter of the branch pipe. The branch pipe of the three-way pipe 14 is connected with the water storage container 6 to collect initial surface runoff; the main pipe is connected with the plastic pipe 1 into the main drainage pipe 7, and the surface runoff of the later-stage sloping field is directly transmitted to the regulating and depositing tank 8 of the toe ditch through the drainage pipe, so that the erosion of the storm runoff to the sloping field is reduced.
The oxford plastic bucket is selected as the water storage container 6, so that the water storage container is durable and convenient to install in the field, the volume of the water storage container 6 can be adjusted according to the topography, and the water storage volume is generally 2-5 tons; the bottom of the water storage container 6 is provided with a mud valve 5 with the diameter of 100mm, and sediment deposited at the bottom is discharged periodically.
When the tea garden needs to be irrigated, the ball valve is opened, and initial rainwater rich in nutrient substances such as nitrogen and phosphorus is supplied to the tea land by utilizing the drip irrigation pipeline, so that the surface runoff is recycled.
Example 2
The system constructed in the embodiment 1 is utilized to develop the non-point source pollution control engineering on the slope of a tea garden in Li-yang city of Jiangsu province.
In the embodiment, the distance between the two plastic pipes 1 in the slope direction is 6-8m; the diameter of the slotted plastic pipe 1 is 100-150mm, the plastic pipe 1 is slotted on one side, the slotted length is 50-75 mm, the width is 8-10 mm, the slot interval is 5 mm, and the slotted direction is parallel to the cross section of the plastic pipe 1. The stainless steel wire mesh 12 is covered above the notch of the plastic tube 1, and the mesh diameter is 2mm x 2mm.
According to tea garden topography, excavate partial earthwork and steadily place the water storage bucket, every month discharges the sediment of bottom sediment at least once, and the sediment can be spread on the hillside field nearby, provides extra nutrient for tea tree.
The filter mainly consists of a nylon net with 100 meshes, and the filter screen is cleaned at least once every month.
Through the annual operation, the nutrient load reduction of medium nitrogen, phosphorus and the like of the surface runoff of the sloping field exceeds 35 percent, and the maximum reaches 44 percent. The electric loss for irrigation is reduced by more than 20 percent.

Claims (10)

1. The ground source pollution control system for the tea garden slope is characterized by comprising a rainwater collection and diversion system and a drip irrigation system;
the rainwater collection and flow guide system comprises a plastic pipe with a grooved surface, a three-way pipe, a water storage container, a drainage main pipe and a regulation sedimentation tank; the plastic pipe is fixed on the sloping field through a pipe bracket, and the cross section part of the plastic pipe is buried in the soil; the tail end of the plastic pipe is connected with the main drainage pipe through a three-way pipe, and the branch pipe of the three-way pipe is connected with the water storage container; the tail end of the main drainage pipeline is connected with a regulating and accumulating sedimentation tank;
the drip irrigation system comprises a filter, a valve and a drip irrigation pipeline, wherein the filter is arranged in the water storage container, and a water outlet of the filter is connected with the drip irrigation pipeline through the valve; the drip irrigation pipeline is arranged below the plastic pipe.
2. The tea garden slope ground source pollution control system of claim 1, wherein the tee is a special-shaped tee with a smaller inside diameter and a larger outside diameter; the bottom of the branch pipe is provided with a supporting net, and floating balls are placed on the supporting net; the outer diameter of the floating ball is slightly larger than the minimum inner diameter of the branch pipe.
3. A tea garden slope ground source pollution control system according to claim 1 and wherein said plastic tubes are arranged laterally along contour lines with a plastic tube installation slope of less than 5 degrees.
4. A tea garden slope ground source pollution control system according to claim 1 or 3, wherein said plastic tube is single sided slotted with a slot direction parallel to the cross section of the plastic tube.
5. A tea garden slope ground source pollution control system according to claim 4 and wherein the plastic tube is covered with a stainless steel wire mesh over the slotted opening, said stainless steel wire mesh having a width slightly longer than one half the circumference of the plastic tube.
6. A tea garden slope ground source pollution control system according to claim 1 and wherein the tangent line of the centre of the plastic tube slot is parallel to the slope and 1/4-1/3 of the cross section of the plastic tube is buried in the soil.
7. The tea garden slope ground source pollution control system according to claim 1, wherein a long rod screw and a nut are arranged in the middle of the pipeline support, and the vertical positioning of the plastic pipe is finely adjusted through a screw-nut structure.
8. A tea garden slope ground source pollution control system as in claim 1, wherein the water inlet of said drip irrigation conduit is 150mm above the bottom of the water reservoir.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the water storage container is an oxford plastic drum.
10. The tea garden slope ground source pollution control system of claim 1, wherein a mud valve is provided at the bottom of the water storage container.
CN201810892617.7A 2018-08-07 2018-08-07 Tea garden slope ground source pollution control system Active CN108867810B (en)

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CN113511741A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-10-19 赣南师范大学 System for controlling land source pollution and recycling water and fertilizer resources in hilly stage

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