CN108864277A - 卡他莫拉菌los核心寡糖缀合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
卡他莫拉菌los核心寡糖缀合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108864277A CN108864277A CN201810427792.9A CN201810427792A CN108864277A CN 108864277 A CN108864277 A CN 108864277A CN 201810427792 A CN201810427792 A CN 201810427792A CN 108864277 A CN108864277 A CN 108864277A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种卡他莫拉菌脂寡糖LOS核心寡糖缀合物,所述寡糖缀合物的结构通式如式(I)所示,各个基团的定义详见说明书。此外,还公开了该缀合物的制备方法与应用。本发明所述的寡糖缀合物,其寡糖的化学结构是明确且单一的,而非混合物,可以通过化学方法大量合成。将寡糖与载体蛋白偶联得到糖蛋白缀合物,并作为抗卡他莫拉菌疫苗免疫小鼠,结果表明能诱导机体产生较强的免疫应答,具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌疫苗研制技术领域,涉及糖蛋白缀合物,具体地说, 是一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
卡他莫拉菌(Moraxella catarrhalis,Mcat),又称卡他奈瑟菌或卡他布 兰汉菌,首次发现于1896年,是一种革兰氏阴性需氧双球菌,通常定植 于人类黏膜细胞表面。过去,卡他莫拉菌一直被认为是对人体无致病性的 上呼吸道正常寄居菌。但近20多年的研究发现,该菌不仅与一些上下呼 吸道疾病如支气管炎、鼻窦炎、咽喉炎有关,而且还是成人慢性阻塞性肺 炎的第二大诱因(10%的病源,不定型流感嗜血杆菌NTHi第一),以及儿 童急性中耳炎的第三大致病因素(15%~10%的病源,仅次于NTHi和肺炎 链球菌Spi),在世界范围内造成了显著的医疗经济负担[Verhaegh S.J.C.et al.Moraxellacatarrhalis.Mol.Med.Microbiol.(2nd Ed.),2015,3: 1565-1586]。在2015年Pichichero等的报道中,卡他莫拉菌更是超过NTHi 和Spi,成为了AOM最主要的致病菌,给新生儿的疾病预防与治疗带来了 严重的威胁[Casey J.R.et al.Otopathogens causing acuteotitis mediain the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era.In:18thinternationalsymposium on recent advances in otitis media,2015]。据此,开展 抗卡他莫拉菌感染研究显得尤为重要。
抗生素一直以来都是预防和治疗细菌感染的主要工具。但对于卡他莫 拉菌而言,其耐药现状却并不容乐观。自1977年首次报道发现β-内酰胺 酶阳性Mcat菌株以来,卡他莫拉菌的耐药性尤其是对β-内酰胺类抗生素 的耐药率逐年升高[Riley T.V.Antimicrobialresistance in Branhamella catarrhalis.J.Antimicrob.Chemother.,1988,21:147-150],截至目前,其临 床产酶菌株分离率已基本维持在90%以上,在部分地区如日本等,β-内酰 胺酶阳性率更是高达97%[Yamada K.et al.Antimicrobial susceptibility tobeta-lactam antibiotics and production of BRO beta-lactamase in clinicalisolates of Moraxella catarrhalis from a Japanese hospital.J.Microbiol.Immunol.Infect,2016,1-4]。在临床用药上,常用广谱青霉素如阿莫西林、 氨苄西林等治疗效果已明显减弱,难以再作为首选药物来继续使用。而其 他抗生素药物如含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的青霉素类、第二、第三代头孢菌素、 大环内酯类及氟喹诺酮类,尽管尚无明显的耐药性产生,但仍有个别的上 升趋势,形势依旧令人担忧。基于此,如何发展其它的预防或治疗手段(如 疫苗等)是现阶段抗卡他莫拉菌感染研究的重中之重[Cripps A.W.et al.Bacterial otitis media:a vaccine preventable disease?.Vaccine,2005,23: 2304-2310]。
多价Spi及Hib多糖结合疫苗的成功为抗Mcat疫苗的研究奠定了研究 基础。截至目前,尽管并没有抗Mcat疫苗成功上市,但经过多年的努力, 已筛选出多个有希望的疫苗抗原[Tan T.-T.et al.Current progress of adhesins as vaccine candidates forMoraxella catarrhalis.Expert Rev.Vaccines,2007,6: 949-956;Su Y.-C.etal.Moraxella catarrhalis:from interactions with the host immune system tovaccine development.Future Microbiol.,2012,7: 1073-1100]。脂寡糖LOS是Mcat外膜表面的独特糖配体,在与宿主细胞 的相互作用中,LOS可选择性作用于Toll样受体TLR2,刺激NF-κB通路 释放IL-8因子,进而激活炎症反应相关基因的转录,最终诱发免疫逃逸[Slevogt H.et al.Moraxella catarrhalis is internalized in respiratoryepithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a TLR2-and partlyNOD1-dependent inflammatory immune response.Cell.Microbiol.,2007,9: 694-707]。由于LOS抗体反应是人体处于卡他莫拉菌感染期时的主要免疫 反应,并没有特殊的血清型[Rahman M.et al.Lack of serotype-specific antibody response tolipopolysaccharide antigens of Moraxella catarrhalis during lower respiratorytract infection.Eur.J.Clin.Microbiol.Infect.Dis., 1995,14:297-304],而LOS的结构在不同细菌之间又具有高度的结构保守 性,因此被认为是发展特异性疫苗的优质抗原。
已有研究表明,利用天然提取的卡他莫拉菌脂寡糖构建的蛋白偶联物 在动物实验中免疫反应效果良好,具有发展为特异性抗Mcat疫苗的良好 潜力[Gu X.-X,etal.Enhancement of clearance of bacteria from murine lungs by immunizationwith detoxified lipooligosaccharide from Moraxella catarrhalis conjugated toproteins.Infect.Immun.,2000,68:4980-4985;Cox A. D.et al.Investigating thepotential of conserved inner core oligosaccharide regions of Moraxellacatarrhalis lipopolysaccharide as vaccine antigens: accessibility andfunctional activity of monoclonal antibodies and glycoconjugate derivedsera.Glycoconj.J.,2011,28:165-182]。但是,由于卡 他莫拉菌分为三种血清亚型,且脂寡糖结构复杂、稳定性不足,导致从致 病菌中直接分离纯化较为困难,严重制约了相关疫苗研究的进一步深入, 为此,采用化学方法合成脂寡糖中的寡糖分子对于在分子水平研究其功能 具有非常重要的意义。与此同时,卡他莫拉菌的LOS由外层核心寡糖和内 层核心寡糖两各部分,研究显示,外层核心寡糖与人的血型抗原结构相似, 具有pK antigen表位(Galα-4Galβ-4Glcβ-),直接利用完整的LOS作为疫 苗抗原,有诱发自身免疫反应的风险[Ren D.et al.Mutant lipooligosaccharide-based conjugate vaccine demonstratesa broad-spectrum effectiveness against Moraxella catarrhalis.Vaccine,2011,29:4210-4217.]。这 提示,在实际的抗Mcat糖疫苗研究中,保守的内层核心寡糖才是更为优选的研究对象。因此,可根据卡他莫拉菌LOS的结构特征,利用化学合成 方法获取更为保守的内层核心寡糖片段,并将其作为抗原与载体蛋白偶 联,制备糖缀合物疫苗。
由于卡他莫拉菌LOS的核心寡糖具有自然界少见的以1,3,4,6-四取代 葡萄糖为核心的高分支结构,且同时含有多个1,2-trans苷键和1,2-cis苷键, 分子高度拥挤,合成难度较大,导致目前相关合成研究仅有两篇报道 [Ekeloef K.et al.Synthesis ofoligosaccharide structures from the lipopolysaccharide of Moraxellacatarrhalis.J.Org.Chem.,1996,61: 7711-7718;Pearson A.G.,et al.Synthesis of anovel pentasaccharide core component from the lipooligosaccharide ofMoraxella catarrhalis.Carbohydr. Res.,2011,346:2805-2811]。而以结构单一的卡他莫拉菌LOS内层核心寡 糖片段作为抗原,与载体偶联制备寡糖缀合物疫苗,尚未见相关报道。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀 合物及其制备方法与应用,其中的寡糖是卡他莫拉菌外膜表面脂寡糖结构 中的内层核心寡糖片段。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物的 制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物在 制备抗卡他莫拉菌药物及疫苗中的应用及包含其的组合物。
本发明通过如下的技术方案来实现:
第一方面,在本发明的实施方案中,本发明提供了一种卡他莫拉菌 LOS核心寡糖缀合物,其结构通式如下式(I)所示:
其中,X选自:-NH-、-C(O)-、-S-、或
L是Y-X与V相连接的连接子;
n为1到30中的任意一整数;
V是载体,选自:牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)、血 蓝蛋白(KLH)、破伤风类毒素(TT)、白喉类毒素(DT)、白喉毒素无毒 突变体(CRM197)、霍乱类毒素(CT)、或单磷酰化的脂质A(lipid A);
Y选自下列结构:
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-选自:
式中,j1是1到10中的任一个整数,j2是1到10中的任一个整数,j3是1到10中的任一个整数,j4是1到10中的任一个整数,j5是1到10中 的任一个整数,j6是1到10中的任一个整数。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
Y、n和V定义如上。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
Y、n和V定义如上。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
Y、n和V定义如上。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
Y、n和V定义如上。
在本发明的优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
Y定义如上,n为1,V为单磷酰化的脂质A。
在本发明的特别优选实施方案中,本发明提供的一种卡他莫拉菌LOS 核心寡糖缀合物选自:
第二方面,本发明提供了上述卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物的制备 方法,所述方法包括:
Y-X+L+V得到式(I)化合物。
这里,Y、X、L以及V的定义同上。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,本发明提供的上述卡他莫拉菌LOS核心 寡糖缀合物的制备方法,可以参考下面的具体技术路线:
(1)化合物1与化合物2在NIS/AgOTf的作用下在无水DCM中发 生糖基化反应,生成二糖化合物3;
(2)化合物3在NaCH3CN/TFA的条件下在DMF中反应选择性开环, 生成化合物4;
(3)化合物4与化合物5在NIS/AgOTf的作用下在无水DCM中发 生糖基化反应,生成三糖化合物6;
(4)化合物6在酸性条件下脱除PMB保护基,生成化合物7;
(5)化合物7与化合物8在NIS/AgOTf的作用下在无水DCM中发 生糖基化反应,生成四糖化合物9;
(6)化合物9在m-CPBA的作用下氧化成亚砜,之后与Bn、Cbz双 保护的5-氨基-1戊醇在Tf2O/DTBMP/1,3,5-三甲氧基苯的条件下在无水 DCM中发生糖基化反应,生成四糖化合物10;
(7)化合物10在TFA的条件脱除侧链R1,在Ac2O/Py体系下乙酰 化,之后在硫脲/lutidine的条件下脱除CA保护基,得到化合物11;
(8)化合物11与化合物12在MeOTf的作用下在无水乙醚中发生糖 基化反应,生成五糖化合物13;
(9)化合物13依次在NaOMe/MeOH体系中脱除酰基保护基,在 MeOH/H2O/THF/AcOH混合溶剂中用Pd(OH)2/C催化氢化脱除Bn和Cbz 保护基,生成寡糖14;
(10)根据载体V的性质,选择连接体L,将寡糖与连接体L进行偶 联,完成寡糖的活化,最后,将活化的寡糖连接到载体V上,分离纯化后 得到LOS核心寡糖缀合物;
其中,所述化合物1-14和寡糖缀合物的结构及合成路线如下:
上述制备方法,只表示制备本发明的式(Ⅰ)化合物的方法之一的例 子。本发明化合物的制备方法并不仅限于这些方法,在本说明书的实施例 中,由于更具体地说明了本发明化合物的制备方法,因此,本领域的人员, 根据上述说明和具体实施例中的说明,根据需要,对此加以适当修改,即 可制备出卡他莫拉菌LOS内层核心寡糖缀合物。
第三方面,本发明提供了所述卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物在制备 抗卡他莫拉菌药物或疫苗中的应用。此外,本发明还提供了包含上述寡糖 缀合物和药学上可接受的辅料或佐剂的药物组合物。所述的药物组合物或 者疫苗可用来预防或治疗卡他莫拉菌感染的哺乳动物(包括人),给药方 法方法包括全身或局部例如粘膜途径给药,给药的途径可以是肌内注射、 腹腔内注射、皮内注射或静脉内注射、或经粘膜例如口腔/消化道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖道给药。给药的剂量可以是每剂含有0.01-1000mg所述卡他莫拉 菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物。
相比于现有技术:
1.本发明所述的卡他莫拉菌LOS内层核心寡糖缀合物中,寡糖的化 学结构是明确且单一的,而非混合物,可以通过化学方法进行合成,通过 设计连接体与载体偶联,制备缀合物抗原。
2.本发明所述寡糖缀合物作为抗卡他莫拉菌疫苗免疫小鼠,结果表明 可以诱导机体产生较强的免疫应答,因此,本发明具有较强的应用价值。
3.本发明所述寡糖缀合物合成路线简洁,操作简单,通用性强,糖基 化反应立体选择性好,产物收率高。
附图说明
图1是化合物14-CRM197免疫小鼠后检测血清中的总抗体滴度。
图2是化合物16-CRM197免疫小鼠后检测血清中的总抗体滴度。
图3是化合物16-CRM197免疫小鼠后检测血清中的总抗体滴度。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明的技术方案,下面结合实施例作进一步详细描 述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制。
检测仪器信息:
核磁波谱NMR:Bruker AV-400型核磁共振仪,测定温度恒定25℃。 核磁化学位移根据所用氘代溶剂定标:CDCl3(1H NMRδ0.00,13C NMRδ 77.16);D2O(1H NMRδ4.79);CD3OD(1HNMRδ3.31,13C NMRδ49.00);
高分辨质谱(ESI-HRMS):Bruker APEX IV傅立叶变换离子回旋共振 质谱仪;
基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS):AB SCIEX 5800spectrometer纳升级高效液相-串联飞行时间质谱联用仪
聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE):Bio rad小型垂直电泳仪
吸光度:TEACN sunrise酶标仪
缩写词:
NIS:N-碘代丁二酰亚胺
AgOTf:三氟甲磺酸银
TLC:薄层色谱分析
m-CPBA:间氯过氧苯甲酸
DTBMP:2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基吡啶
TMB:1,3,5-三甲氧基苯
Tf2O:三氟甲磺酸酐
TFA:三氟乙酸
HRMS:高分辨质谱
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
PE:石油醚
EtOAc:乙酸乙酯
Bn:苄基
Cbz:苄氧羰酰基
DMAP:4-二甲氨基吡啶
THF:四氢呋喃
AcOH:乙酸
PMB:对甲氧基苄基
CRM197:白喉毒素无毒变异体
BSA:牛血清白蛋白
MALDI-TOF-MS:基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱
实施例1:通用的合成方法
A:硫苷法糖基化反应
将硫苷供体(1.2~1.5eq.)、受体(1eq.)、NIS(1.6~2eq.)与活化的4分子筛(100mg/1mL)混合置于预先无水处理的圆底反应瓶中,抽真空换 氩气保护。加入无水CH2Cl2(1mL/0.1mmol供体)进行溶解,室温下搅拌 30min。随后降温至-20℃,预冷5min后加入AgOTf(0.2eq.),继续搅拌 反应,TLC监测反应的进程。反应结束,加入三乙胺中和至中性,滤除分 子筛,CH2Cl2洗涤滤饼数次,滤液合并浓缩,直接柱层析分离,得糖基化 产物。
B:亚砜糖供体的制备
将底物溶于CH2Cl2(25mL/1mmol)中,氩气保护下降温至-78℃。经 注射器滴加m-CPBA(85%,1.1eq.)的CH2Cl2(25mL/1mmol)溶液,之后 于-78℃下反应0.5h,加饱和Na2S2O3溶液淬灭。反应液移至室温,用CH2Cl2稀释,有机相依次经饱和NaHCO3溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离,得R/S混合异构体亚砜,直接用于糖基化反应。
C:亚砜糖作供体进行糖基化反应
将亚砜供体(1eq.)、DTBMP(2eq.)、均三甲氧基苯TMB(1.5eq.)与 活化的4分子筛(100mg/1mL)混合置于预先处理的圆底反应瓶中,抽 真空换氩气保护。加入无水CH2Cl2(1mL/0.15mmol供体)进行溶解,室温 下搅拌30min。随后降温至-10℃,经微量进样器加入Tf2O(1.1eq.),搅拌 活化。30min后,将反应液移至-40℃,经注射器加入受体(0.8~2eq.)的 CH2Cl2溶液(调节反应液供体终浓度为0.1M),继续反应。1h后,移至室 温,TLC监测反应的进程。待反应完成后,加入三乙胺中和至中性,滤除 分子筛,CH2Cl2洗涤滤饼数次,滤液合并浓缩,直接柱层析分离,得糖基 化产物。
D:侧链(2-手性辅基)的脱除
将底物溶于CH2Cl2中,冰浴条件下滴加TFA(调节终浓度为 TFA:CH2Cl2=1:10)进行反应,TLC监测反应的进程。反应结束,反应液用 CH2Cl2稀释,有机相用饱和NaHCO3溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离,得脱侧链产物。
E:寡糖缀合物的合成
寡糖的活化:将寡糖溶于乙醇水(1:1,v/v)中,加入方酸二乙酯(5 eq.),室温下进行搅拌。向反应液中逐次加入饱和Na2CO3溶液(每5min 一次,每次2μl),直至TLC显示原料完全消失。反应结束,将反应液浓 缩,残余物经Sephadex LH-20(水洗脱)纯化,冻干得活化的寡糖。
寡糖蛋白缀合物的合成:将载体蛋白(1eq.)溶于硼酸缓冲液 (Na2B4O7 0.07M,KHCO3 0.35M,pH 9.0)中,加入活化的寡糖(20eq.)并 混合均匀,于室温下静置反应3d。反应结束,将反应液用无菌去离子水 稀释,过滤除菌,之后采用超滤的方法除去小分子物质。超滤完成后将最 终浓缩的离心液冻干,得到寡糖蛋白—蛋白缀合物。
实施例2:5-氨基戊基α-D-葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[β-D- 葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-D-葡萄糖(化合物14的合成)
(1)2-(S)-苯基-(2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-4,6-O-对甲氧基苯亚甲基-1,2-二去氧-β-D-葡萄糖)[1,2-e]-1,4-氧硫 杂环己烷(化合物3的合成)
取化合物2(143mg,239μmol),化合物1(83mg,199μmol)按照实施 例1中所述通用合成方法A进行糖基化反应,得无色糖浆化合物3(170mg, 96%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C51H55O12S[M+H]+891.3409,实测 值:891.3385.
(2)2-(S)-苯基-(2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-6-O- 对甲氧基苄基-1,2-二去氧基-β-D-葡萄糖)[1,2-e]-1,4-氧硫杂环己烷(化合物 4的合成)
将化合物3(8g,8.98mmol)、NaBH3CN(2.82g,44.9mmol)与4分子 筛(5g)混合置于圆底反应瓶中,加入无水DMF(66mL),室温下搅拌1h, 随后移至0℃下加入TFA(6.66mL.89.8mmol),待瓶中白雾消失(0.5h左 右)后,转移至室温反应过夜,TLC显示反应完全。停止反应,滤除分子 筛,滤饼用EtOAc洗涤数次,合并滤液,有机相用饱和NaHCO3溶液、水 和饱和食盐水洗涤数次,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离(PE-EtOAc, 3:1),得无色糖浆化合物4(6.64g,82%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值 C51H56NaO12S[M+Na]+915.3385,实测值:915.3359。
(3)2-(S)-苯基-(2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-6-O-对甲 氧基苄基-1,2-二去氧-β-D-葡萄糖)[1,2-e]-1,4-氧硫杂环己烷(化合物6的合 成)
取化合物5(5.16g,7.88mmol),化合物4(5.20g,5.82mmol)按照实 施例1所述通用合成方法A进行糖基化反应,得黄色糖浆化合物6(6.83g, 82%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C67H90N15O19S[M+NH4]+1440.6253, 实测值:1440.6224.
(4)2-(S)-苯基-(2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-1,2-二去 氧-β-D-葡萄糖)[1,2-e]-1,4-氧硫杂环己烷(化合物7的合成)
将化合物6(6.56g,4.61mmol)溶于CH2Cl2(50mL)中,冰浴条件下 滴加TFA(4mL),搅拌反应40min后,TLC显示反应完全。停止反应, 反应液用CH2Cl2稀释,有机相经饱和NaHCO3溶液洗至无气泡产生后,无 水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离(PE-EtOAc,3:2),得无色糖浆化合物7 (5.18g,86%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C75H86NO18S[M+NH4]+ 1320.5560,实测值:1320.5570.
(5)2-(S)-苯基-(2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-[3,4,6-三 -O-苄基-2-O-氯乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)]-1,2-二去氧-β-D-葡萄 糖)[1,2-e]-1,4-氧硫杂环己烷(化合物9的合成)
取化合物8(162mg,307μmol),化合物7(200mg,153μmol)按照实施 例1中所述通用合成方法A进行糖基化反应,得无色糖浆化合物9(266mg, 96%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C104H115ClNO24S[M+NH4]+ 1828.7213,found 1828.7182.
(6)N-(苄基)-苄氧羰酰基-5-氨基戊基2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→4)]-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-氯乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)]-2-O-[(1S)- 苯基-2-(2,4,6-三甲氧基苯硫基)-乙基]-α-D-葡萄糖(化合物10的合成)
取化合物9(642mg,465μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用合成方法B 反应,得无色糖浆亚砜(614mg,94%)。
取亚砜(210mg,115μmol),Bn、Cbz双保护的5-氨基-1-戊醇(50mg, 153μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用合成方法C进行糖基化反应,得无色 糖浆化合物10(212mg,80%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值 C133H150ClN2O30S[M+NH4]+2321.9677,实测值:2321.9745.
(7)N-(苄基)-苄氧羰酰基-5-氨基戊基2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D- 葡萄糖基-(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→4)]-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)]-2-O-乙酰基-α-D-葡萄糖基 (化合物11的合成)
取化合物10(212mg,91.9μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用合成方法D 脱除侧链,之后溶于吡啶(5mL)中,加入乙酸酐(0.5mL)和催化量 DMAP,室温反应10min,TLC显示反应完全。反应结束,加适量MeOH 淬灭,反应液减压浓缩,残余物溶于CH2Cl2,有机相依次用1N HCl水溶 液和饱和食盐水洗涤,无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩蒸干。将所得糖浆加入MeOH (10mL)中,加入硫脲(140mg,1.84mmol)和2,6-lutidine(214μL,1.84 mmol),70℃下回流反应12h,TLC显示反应完全。停止反应,反应液浓 缩蒸干,残余物溶于CH2Cl2/H2O,分液,有机相用1N HCl水溶液洗涤, 无水Na2SO4干燥,浓缩,柱层析分离(PE-Acetone,3:1),得无色糖浆化合 物11(149mg,三步82%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C116H133N2O27[M +NH4]+1985.9090,实测值:1985.9116.
(8)N-(苄基)-苄氧羰酰基-5-氨基戊基2,3,4,6-四-O-苄-α-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→2)-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基 -β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)]-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→4)]-2-O-乙酰基-α-D-葡萄糖(化合物13的合成)
将化合物12(1.2g,1.86mmol)、化合物11(600mg,305μmol)和4分子筛(2.4g)混合置于圆底反应瓶中,抽真空换氩气保护,之后加入无 水乙醚(45mL),0℃下搅拌10min后,经注射器加入MeOTf(1.2mL,10.6 mmol),继续搅拌反应12h,TLC显示反应完全。停止反应,加入三乙胺 中和至中性,滤除不溶物,CH2Cl2洗涤滤饼数次,滤液合并浓缩,直接柱 层析分离(PE-Acetone,7:2),得无色糖浆(737mg,97%)。再次分离 (PE-EtOAc,4:1),得到无色糖浆化合物13和13β(5:1)。化合物13:HRMS (ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C150H167N2O32[M+NH4]+2508.1496,实测值: 2508.1551;化合物13β:HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C150H167N2O32[M+NH4]+2508.1496,实测值:2508.1510.
(9)5-氨基戊基α-D-葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→6)-[β-D-葡萄 糖基-(1→3)]-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-D-葡萄糖(化合物14的合成)
将化合物13(50mg,20.1μmol)溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH混合溶剂(1:1,v/v, 5mL)中,加入甲醇钠调节溶液pH至9~10,室温下搅拌反应12h,TLC 显示反应完全。停止反应,向反应液中加入阳离子树脂中和至pH=7。过 滤,滤液浓缩,蒸干。将残余物溶于THF/MeOH/H2O/AcOH混合溶剂 (25:50:25:1,v/v,5mL)中,加入Pd(OH)2/C(10%钯负载于碳,20mg),4atm H2环境下搅拌反应2d,TLC显示反应完全,停止反应,过滤,滤液合并, 浓缩蒸干,残余物经Sephadex LH-20纯化(水洗脱),冻干得化合物14(16.5 mg,90%):Rf=0.1(EtOAc-EtOH-H2O,1:1:1); 1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ5.38(d,J=3.9Hz,1H),4.93(d,J=7.9 Hz,1H),4.87(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=7.8Hz, 1H),4.35(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),4.20(t,J=9.4Hz,1H),4.05–3.95(m,2H),3.93–3.80(m,6H),3.78–3.65(m,7H),3.59–3.30(m,15H),2.99(dt,J= 12.8,7.6Hz,2H),1.74–1.59(m,4H),1.51–1.35(m,2H);13C NMR(100 MHz,D2O)δ102.92,101.37,100.30,97.77,97.37,76.85,76.08,75.97,75.83, 75.75,75.64,75.53,74.33,74.05,73.30,73.08,72.71,71.83,71.83,71.62, 71.42,69.84,69.73,69.51,69.34,69.28,68.80,67.96,60.70,60.34,48.83, 39.39,28.03,26.91,22.43;HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C35H64NO26[M+ H]+914.3711,实测值:914.3718.
实施例3:5-氨基戊基β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-D-葡 萄糖(化合物16的合成)
(1)5-叠氮基戊基2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-6-O-对甲 氧基苄基-2-O-[(1S)-苯基-2-(2,4,6-三甲氧基苯硫基)-乙基]-α-D-葡萄糖(16b 的合成)
取化合物6(3g,2.11mmol)按照实施例1中所述通用合成方法B反 应,得无色糖浆亚砜16a(2.73g,90%)。
取亚砜(82mg,57.0μmol),5-叠氮基-1-戊醇(6mg,45.6μmol)按照 实施例1中所述通用合成方法C进行糖基化反应,得无色糖浆糖基化产物 16b(63mg,80%)。HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C97H115N4O23S[M+ NH4]+1735.7667,实测值:1735.7669.
(2)5-叠氮基戊基2-O-乙酰基-3,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-葡萄糖基 -(1→3)-[3,4,6-三-O-苄基-2-O-乙酰丙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-D-葡萄 糖(化合物16c的合成)
取化合物16b(1.8g,1.05mmol)按照实施例1中所述通用合成方法D 脱除侧链,同时PMB在酸性条件下同时发生脱除,得无色糖浆化合物16c (0.92g,68%):HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C72H89N4O19[M+NH4]+ 1313.6116,实测值:1313.6112.
(3)5-氨基戊基β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-α-D-葡萄 糖(化合物16的合成)
将化合物16c(300mg,231μmol)溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH混合溶剂(1:1, v/v,30mL)中,加入甲醇钠调节溶液pH至9~10,室温下搅拌反应12h, TLC显示反应完全。停止反应,向反应液中加入阳离子树脂中和至pH=7。 过滤,滤液浓缩,蒸干。将残余物溶于THF/MeOH/H2O/AcOH混合溶剂 (25:50:25:1,v/v,30mL)中,加入Pd(OH)2/C(10%钯负载于碳,120mg),4atm H2环境下搅拌反应2d,TLC显示反应完全,停止反应,过滤,滤液 合并,浓缩蒸干,残余物经Sephadex LH-20纯化(水洗脱),冻干得化合物 16(130mg,95%):Rf=0.1(EtOAc-EtOH-H2O,1:1:1); 1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ4.89(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),4.84(d,1H, covered by H2O signal),4.61(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),4.11(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.94 –3.61(m,10H),3.54–3.22(m,9H),2.96(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.76–1.52(m,4H),1.51–1.31(m,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,D2O)δ101.48,100.74,97.76, 76.69,76.12,75.87,75.59,75.41,73.22,72.80,72.66,71.84,70.93,69.49, 69.23,67.76,60.71,60.57,60.06,39.30,28.02,26.48,22.38;HRMS (ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C23H44NO16[M+H]+590.2655,实测值:590.2653.
实施例4:5-氨基戊基β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→3)-[β-D-葡萄糖基-(1→4)]-[β-D- 葡萄糖基-(1→6)]-α-D-葡萄糖(化合物17的合成)
将化合物11(70mg,35.5μmol)溶于CH2Cl2/MeOH混合溶剂(1:1,v/v, 5mL)中,加入甲醇钠调节溶液pH至9~10,室温下搅拌反应12h,TLC 显示反应完全。停止反应,向反应液中加入阳离子树脂中和至pH=7。过 滤,滤液浓缩,蒸干。将残余物溶于THF/MeOH/H2O/AcOH混合溶剂 (25:50:25:1,v/v,5mL)中,加入Pd(OH)2/C(10%钯负载于碳,30mg),4atm H2环境下搅拌反应2d,TLC显示反应完全,停止反应,过滤,滤液合并, 浓缩蒸干,残余物经Sephadex LH-20纯化(水洗脱),冻干得化合物17(23.0 mg,85%):Rf=0.1(EtOAc-EtOH-H2O,1:1:1); 1H NMR(400MHz,D2O)δ4.97–4.87(m,2H),4.67(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.50 (d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.25(d,J=11.1Hz,1H),4.20–4.11(m,1H),4.05–3.99 (m,1H),3.98–3.86(m,5H),3.80(dd,J=9.6,3.7Hz,1H),3.76–3.68(m,4H),3.58–3.41(m,8H),3.39–3.25(m,5H),3.06–2.94(m,2H),1.78–1.58 (m,4H),1.53–1.37(m,2H);13C NMR(100MHz,D2O)δ102.24,101.36, 101.06,97.81,76.53,76.08,75.86,75.82,75.71,75.67,75.61,73.66,73.15, 73.09,73.01,71.64,69.73,69.65,69.43,67.99,67.35,60.76,60.72,60.67, 39.34,28.00,26.51,22.38;HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论值C29H54NO21[M+ H]+752.3183,实测值:752.3171.
实施例5:14-CRM197糖缀合物的合成
取化合物14(20mg,22.0μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用方法E进行 寡糖的活化得化合物14B(21mg,93%)。14B:HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理论 值C29H48NO19[M+H]+1038.3871,实测值:1038.3853。
取CRM197蛋白(28.1mg,0.481μmol)溶于硼酸缓冲液(Na2B4O7 0.07 M,KHCO30.35M,pH 9.0,1.4mL)中,加入活化寡糖14B(9.5mg,9.15 μmol)并混合均匀,于室温下静置反应3d。反应结束,将反应液用无菌去 离子水稀释,过滤除菌,之后采用超滤离心管在4℃下12000g离心15min。 加入无菌去离子水再次稀释,重复离心3次。将最终浓缩的离心液冻干, 得白色泡沫状固体14-CRM197(25.2mg)。质谱:MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z) 66197.9.
实施例6:14-BSA糖缀合物的合成
14-BSA糖缀合物采用与14-CRM197相似的方法进行合成:合成中活化 寡糖14B用量为20eq.。质谱:MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z)71449.3.
实施例7:16-CRM197糖缀合物的合成
取化合物16(13mg,22.0μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用方法E进行 寡糖的活化得化合物14B(14.5mg,92%)。16B:HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理 论值C29H48NO19[M+H]+714.2815,实测值:714.2820;
16-CRM197的合成按照实施例1中所述通用方法E进行合成,质谱: MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z)65925.5.
实施例8:16-BSA糖缀合物的合成
16-BSA糖缀合物采用与16-CRM197相似的方法进行合成:合成中活化 寡糖16B用量为20eq.。质谱:MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z)74025.0.
实施例9:17-CRM197糖缀合物的合成
取化合物17(16mg,22.0μmol)按照实施例1中所述通用方法E进行 寡糖的活化得化合物14B(14.5mg,92%)。17B:HRMS(ESI-FT-ICR)m/z理 论值C35H58NO24[M+H]+876.3343,实测值:876.3351;
17-CRM197的合成按照实施例1中所述通用方法E进行合成,质谱: MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z)65903.5.
实施例10:17-BSA糖缀合物的合成
14-BSA糖缀合物采用与14-CRM197相似的方法进行合成:合成中活化寡糖 14B用量为20eq.。质谱:MALDI-TOF-MS(m/z)76152.2.
实施例11:寡糖缀合物14-CRM197、16-CRM197、17-CRM197的免疫原性 抗体滴度测定
实施例5、7、9中制备的寡糖缀合物14-CRM197、16-CRM197、17-CRM197在小鼠(NIH小鼠,雌性,SPF级)体内进行免疫试验。采用腹部皮下注 射的方式,以寡糖用量计算,分为三个剂量组:0.5μg,1.5μg,4.0μg,分 别在第1、14、28天进行免疫,本实验设十组,每组10只,具体如表1 所示。
表1免疫以及取血方案
第一次与第二次免疫两周后眼眶取血,分别保存为一免与二免血清。 第三次免疫两周后采集全血,保存为三免血清。以14-BSA、16-BSA、17-BSA 糖缀合物作为固定包被抗原,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测对应的 CRM197免疫后各血清中多糖特异性抗体的滴度,结果如图1、2、3所示。
经过免疫后,小鼠血清中IgG抗体滴度水平显著提高,免疫应答强烈。 所有剂量组一免、二免及三免血清中均能有效检测出抗体,其抗体滴度分 别在102、104与105左右的水平。对比不同时间点的血清抗体滴度可知, 随着免疫次数的增加,小鼠体内的抗体浓度逐渐增高,第三次免疫之后可 以达到一个较高的水平(104以上)。这说明,通过加强免疫次数可以有效 提高糖偶联物的免疫原性,增强其在小鼠体内的免疫效果。将不同剂量组 的血清学结果进行对比,可以发现,各组的抗体滴度虽稍有不同,但却并 没有统计学上的显著性差异(P>0.05)。这提示,在本实验中,所设置的最 小免疫剂量即已达到免疫饱和值,增加给药量并不能在小鼠体内诱导产生 更高的抗体滴度。同时,这也间接说明,我们所设计的糖偶联物免疫原性 较强,在较低的剂量下,即可以诱发高滴度的抗体应答。缀合物产生的免 疫响应主要是IgG型,属于T细胞依赖性免疫应答,此应答能够使宿主细 胞产生免疫记忆,活性结果说明缀合物14-CRM197、16-CRM197、17-CRM197是一种非常有潜力的抗卡他莫拉菌疫苗。
Claims (10)
1.一种卡他莫拉菌LOS核心寡糖缀合物,所述寡糖缀合物的结构通式如下式(I)所示:
其中,X选自:-NH-、-C(O)-、-S-、或
L是Y-X与V相连接的连接子;
n为1到30中的任意一整数;
V是载体,选自牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白、血蓝蛋白、破伤风类毒素、白喉类毒素、白喉毒素无毒突变体、霍乱类毒素、或单磷酰化的脂质A;
Y选自下列结构:
2.如权利要求1所述的寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-选自:
这里,j1是1到10中的任一个整数,j2是1到10中的任一个整数,j3是1到10中的任一个整数,j4是1到10中的任一个整数,j5是1到10中的任一个整数,j6是1到10中的任一个整数。
3.如权利要求2所述的寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
或者,
4.如权利要求1所述的寡糖缀合物,其中,-X-L-为:
n为1,V为单磷酰化的脂质A。
5.如权利要求1所述的寡糖缀合物,所述寡糖缀合物选自:
6.如权利要求1-5中任一所述的寡糖缀合物的制备方法,所述方法包括:
Y-X+L+V得到式(I)化合物;
这里,Y、X、L以及V的定义同权利要求1。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其中,所述方法为下列技术路线:
8.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的寡糖缀合物在制备预防和/或治疗抗卡他莫拉菌感染的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的寡糖缀合物在制备抗卡他莫拉菌感染的疫苗中的应用。
10.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-5中任一项所述的寡糖缀合物和药学上可接受的辅料或佐剂。
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