CN108864085B - 一种化合物作为电化学发光材料的应用 - Google Patents
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- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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Abstract
本发明提供一种化合物作为ECL材料的应用,所述化合物不含金属,毒性低、生物相容性好,同时成本低、合成方法对环境友好、并且作为ECL具有较好的发光效率。所述化合物作为ECL材料的应用中,所述化合物具备不含金属的特定结构式。具体的,由所述化合物作为ECL材料,与共反应物、双电极和支撑电解质构建成电化学发光器件。本发明所述化合物不需要金属就可实现ECL材料的构建,大大降低了合成成本,生物相容性好;本发明所述化合物作为ECL材料,具有较好的发光效率;本发明所述化合物合成方法工艺简单,合成过程中以水作为主要合成环境,工艺绿色实现环境友好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料领域,特别涉及一种化合物作为电化学发光材料的应用。
背景技术
电化学荧光材料ECL(electrochemiluminescence)材料是一种被广泛使用的发光材料,曾一直被用于LECs发光器件(light-emitting electrochemical cells)。2018年文献报道了由ECL材料为核心构建的ECLDs(electrochemiluminescence devices)器件,ECLDs的基本构型和核心机理与传统意义上的LECs具备实质区别,因此ECLDs被视作独立的一类发光器件,获得了人们的关注。LECs的最简结构由基底、活性层(包含ECL材料)以及顶部金属电极组成;发光原理是依靠连续跃迁定向传导不同的电荷,从而实现激子猝灭发光。ECLDs器件结构为两电极以及夹在其间的ECL材料活性层;其原理核心为依靠两电极间加载的电压(通常为交流电)获得不同电荷,通过传质激子复合猝灭,释放光能;参与传质过程的共反应物和电解质对器件性能由至关重要的影响;由于ECL材料活性层内电荷依靠对流传质,激子猝灭迅速,其内部电势趋紧于零,因而不存在LECs的定向传导需求,也不会因必须获得连续跃迁和长距离传导而延迟响应时间。
ECL材料有许多种类,以Ru和Ir为主的过渡金属配合物是其中最为常见的类型(如已经商品化的Ru(bpy)3即是一种多联吡啶过渡金属配合物),某些贵金属配合物的性能甚至可以超过Ru(bpy)3。但是以上材料的制备成本是非常高昂的。此外,红荧烯、二苯基蒽等芳环化合物和聚吡咯类聚合物甚至某些无机纳米材料也可以作为ECL发光材料,但在性能上,如果按Ru(bpy)3的效率为100%计算,这类不含过渡金属及重金属的ECL发光材料一般发光效率不超过10%,较少的情况下可以达到30%左右,例如红荧烯发光效率可以达到28%。到目前为止,Ru(bpy)3是现有技术中唯一一种公开可以用于ECLDs器件的ECL材料。
在实现本发明的过程中,本发明人发现现有技术中至少存在以下问题:
对于ECLDs器件,已确认的典型发光材料是多联吡啶过渡金属配合物,这种发光材料虽然性能良好,但是价格昂贵,而且合成过程对环境有危害性的溶剂多有涉及,更重要的是,其中的金属部分限制了这类化合物在生物检测等对生物相容性和毒性要求较高领域内的应用,因此,需要开发新的ECL材料,毒性低、生物相容性好,同时成本低、合成方法对环境友好、并且具有较好的发光效率;此外,还需要开发与之相匹配的电解质、缓冲离子和共反应物。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明提供一种化合物作为ECL材料的应用,所述化合物不含金属,毒性低、生物相容性好,同时成本低、合成方法对环境友好、并且作为ECL具有较好的发光效率。
具体而言,包括以下的技术方案:
一种化合物作为ECL材料的应用,所述化合物的化学结构如式(1)所示:
其中,所述R1和R2各自独立的选自如下的任意一种:H、卤素、烷基、烯基、炔基、卤代烷基、卤代烯基、杂烷基、环烷基、环烯基、杂环烷基、杂环烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基烷基、杂环烷基烷基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基、芳基烯基、环烷基杂烷基、杂环烷基杂烷基、杂芳基杂烷基、芳基杂烷基、羟基、羟基烷基、烷氧基、烷氧基烷基、烷氧基芳基、烯氧基、炔氧基、环烷基氧基、杂环烷基氧基、芳氧基、芳基烷氧基、苯氧基、苄氧基、杂芳基氧基、氨基、烷基氨基、氨基烷基、酰基氨基、芳基氨基、磺酰基氨基、亚磺酰基氨基、烷氧基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、磺酰基、烷基磺酰基、烷基亚磺酰基、芳基磺酰基、芳基亚磺酰基、氨基磺酰基或酰基。
优选,
所述R1为H、卤素或C1-C15的芳基,R2为C1-C15的烷基或C1-C15的芳基。
更优选的,
所述R1为H、卤素、C6-C8的苯基或取代苯基,R2为C1-C2的烷基、C6-C8的苯基或取代苯基。
最优选的,
所述R1为H、Br或苯基,所述R2为CH3或苯基。
所述化合物可采用公知方法合成得到,如根据中国专利文献CN107698584A的方法合成所述化合物。
所述化合物可以用作ECLDs器件的ECL材料。
具体的,
由所述化合物作为ECL材料,与共反应物、双电极和支撑电解质构建成电化学发光器件。其中共反应物的添加可以缩短响应时间。作为现有技术,所述共反应物可以是氧化反应共反应物和/或还原反应共反应物。具体选择可以由本领域技术人员根据实际情况和应用要求作出。
优选的,
所述共反应物为氧化反应共反应物,所述氧化反应共反应物为过硫酸盐或者过氧化苯甲酸,所述氧化反应共反应物用量为所述化合物的1-5摩尔当量。
优选的,
所述共反应物为还原反应共反应物,所述还原反应共反应物为正三丙胺或2-N-二丁氨基乙醇,所述还原反应共反应物为所述化合物的1-30摩尔当量。
优选的,
所述支撑电解质为四丁基高氯酸铵的乙腈溶液,其浓度在0.5M以下。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案的有益效果至少包括:
1、本发明所述化合物不需要过渡金属、重金属就可实现ECL材料的构建,大大降低了合成成本,同时拓展了材料的应用范围,使ECL材料在生物监测等对生物相容性要求较高的领域具有应用可能;
2、本发明所述化合物作为ECL材料,具有较好的发光效率。如按ECL材料Ru(bpy)3的效率为100%计算,该化合物可以达到30%左右的效率;
3、本发明所述化合物合成方法工艺简单,合成过程中以水作为主要合成环境,能最大程度收取与水相溶性差的有机产物,大幅减少有可能危害环境的有机溶剂的使用,工艺绿色实现环境友好。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为ECL材料II-4的以假脱机技术采集的ECL强度图谱,深色曲线为正扫信号,浅色为反扫信号,扫速0.025V/s。;
图2为图1对应的堆叠图谱,深色曲线为正扫信号,浅色为反扫信号;
图3展示了得到图1的ECL测试中对应的电流信号。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
根据中国专利文献CN107698584A的方法合成实施例所述化合物。
本发明中,材料的ECL电压和循环伏安特性测试使用高压电源驱动的光电倍增管(PMT,R928,Hamamatsu)探测ECL强度并转化为电压信号,由精密电表(Keithley 6487,Cleveland)检测ECL信号。信号采集(DAQ 6052E,National Instruments)后输送到计算平台进行分析。光谱测试部分采用了分光仪(Cornerstone 260)和CCD相机(Model DV420-BV),程序采集信号(Andor Technology program)并输送至分析平台(CHI 610A,CHInstruments)。测试扫描窗口范围在材料氧化还原电位以内。被测产物1.3mmol,共反应物为正三丙胺5mmol。支撑电解质为四丁基高氯酸铵的0.1M乙腈溶液。
实施例1:
在250mL的圆底烧瓶中,先加入0.5~0.1e.q.的L-脯氨酸(优选230mg,0.2mmol)和1.0~1.5e.q.的丙二腈(优选793mg,12mmol)溶解完全,再加入1.0e.q.的苯甲醛(优选1.06g,10mmol)、1.0~1.2e.q.的2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶(优选1.296g,12mmol),置于90℃油浴锅上反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约8h。进行后处理提纯:加入二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,用饱和NaCl溶液(20mL×1)洗涤,分液合并有机相加入无水硫酸钠干燥。除去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是10:1到1:1,优选,V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)=3:1,得到纯的黄色粉末。
化合物I-1经核磁氢谱测试:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.18(s,1H),7.96(dd,J=6.5,3.0Hz,2H),7.71(dd,J=9.0,2.0Hz,1H),7.56(s,1H),7.51(dd,J=5.1,1.7Hz,3H),2.45(s,3H).
实施例2:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入化合I-1(970mg,3.73mmol)、醋酸酐15mL,加热至150℃反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约3.5h。进行后处理提纯:除去醋酸酐,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是1:1到1:10,本实施例中优选[V(石油醚):V(乙酸乙酯)=1:10],得到黄色粉末。
化合物I-2的核磁氢谱如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(s,1H),7.99(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.85(dd,J=8.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.60-7.42(m,3H),7.26(s,1H),2.47(d,J=35.9Hz,6H).
实施例3:
在250mL的圆底烧瓶中,先加入0.05~0.3e.q.的L-脯氨酸(优选230.6mg,2.0mmol)和1.0~1.5e.q.的丙二腈(优选7 93.2mg,12mmol)溶解完全,再加入1.0e.q的4-溴-苯甲醛(1.85g,10mmol)、1.0~1.5e.q.的2-氨基-5-甲基吡啶(优选1.296g,12mmol),置于90℃油浴锅上反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约8h。进行后处理提纯:加入二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,用饱和NaCl溶液(20mL×1)洗涤,分液合并有机相加入无水硫酸钠干燥。除去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是100:1到5:1,优选,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)=30:1,得黄色粉末。本反应收率达到56%。
化合物II-1经核磁氢谱测试:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.23(s,1H),7.86(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.55(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),2.46(s,3H).
实施例4:
在50mL的双口烧瓶中氮气分为下加入1mL水和20mL的1,4-二氧六环、1.0e.q.的化合物I-1(507mg,1.5mmol)、2.0~5.0e.q.的碳酸钾(优选795mg,5.75mmol)通入N2除氧,再加入2.0~5.0e.q.苯硼酸(优选549mg,4.5mmol)、0.01~0.5e.q.四(三苯基膦)钯(优选69.3mg,0.006mmol),加热至125℃,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约48h。进行后处理提纯:除去溶剂,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是300:1到1:0,本实施例中优选纯二氯甲烷,得到黄绿色粉末。
该化合物的荧光发射峰峰值在460nm左右,且其主要发射峰涵盖了400-500nm的蓝色发光区域。相比II-1系列化合物其光谱范围变窄,可以明显观察到不同取代基团对本发明所述基本结构下的化合物的光谱性质的调整作用。
化合物II-2经核磁氢谱检测:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.29(s,1H),8.09(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.74(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.65(d,J=7.9Hz,2H),7.61(s,1H),7.48(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.47(s,3H).
实施例5:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入化合I-3(200mg,0.6mmol)、醋酸酐15mL,加热至150℃反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约3.5h。进行后处理提纯:除去醋酸酐,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是50:1到3:1,本实施例中优选[V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)=10:1],得到黄色粉末。
化合物II-3的核磁氢谱如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(s,1H),8.10(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.86(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,3H),7.65(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.48(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.52(s,3H),2.44(s,3H).
实施例6:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入化合II-1(338mg,1.0mmol)、醋酸酐20mL,加热至150℃反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约3.5h。进行后处理提纯:除去醋酸酐,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是50:1到3:1,本实施例中优选[V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)=10:1],得到黄色粉末。
化合物II-4的ECL测试谱图如图1所示。发射峰峰值在500nm左右,且其主要发射峰涵盖了400-600nm的蓝色发光区域,在正负不同偏压下获得的发射峰值均稳定在500nm,且电化学窗口较宽,表明分子C是一个有很好应用潜力的ECL材料。该化合物的
ECL效率计算公式如按下式:
如按最主要的ECL材料Ru(bpy)3 2+的效率为100%计算,该化合物可以达到29%的效率转化。但是该化合物的合成成本是远远低于多联吡过渡金属配合物类和贵金属配合物类材料的。
化合物II-4的核磁氢谱如下,该反应收率20%:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.08(s,1H),7.87(dd,J=11.7,5.1Hz,3H),7.72(d,J=8.9Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),2.52(s,3H),2.42(s,3H).
实施例7:
在50mL的圆底烧瓶中,加入化合II-1(85mg,0.25mmol)、3~10e.q.苯甲酸酐优选(282mg,1.25mmol),10mL乙腈,加热至120℃反应,TLC(薄层层析色谱法)检测至反应完全约8h。进行后处理提纯:除去乙腈,用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)的范围是50:1到2:1,本实施例中优选[V(二氯甲烷):V(乙酸乙酯)=8:1],得到黄色粉末。
化合物II-5的核磁氢谱如下:
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(s,1H),8.10(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.86(dd,J=8.9,1.7Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,3H),7.65(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.48(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),2.52(s,3H),2.44(s,3H)。
需要说明的是:上述实施例提供的ECL材料仅以部分合成方法为例进行说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要设计不同的R1和R2基团,来得到溶解性不同的ECL材料,以及调节具体需要的发光波长范围,其具体制备方法详见方法实施例,这里不再赘述。
上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述,不代表实施例的优劣。
以上所述仅是为了便于本领域的技术人员理解本发明的技术方案,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,
所述共反应物为氧化反应共反应物,所述氧化反应共反应物为过硫酸盐或者过氧化苯甲酸,所述氧化反应共反应物用量为所述化合物的1-5摩尔当量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,
所述共反应物为还原反应共反应物,所述还原反应共反应物为正三丙胺或2-N-二丁氨基乙醇,所述还原反应共反应物为所述化合物的1-20摩尔当量。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,
所述支撑电解质为四丁基高氯酸铵,其浓度在0.5M以下。
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