CN108863500A - A kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108863500A CN108863500A CN201710328151.3A CN201710328151A CN108863500A CN 108863500 A CN108863500 A CN 108863500A CN 201710328151 A CN201710328151 A CN 201710328151A CN 108863500 A CN108863500 A CN 108863500A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses dedicated water soluble fertilizers of a kind of cucumber and preparation method thereof, belong to water soluble fertilizer technical field.It is made of raw material from the following weight：25-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-14 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.2-0.4 parts of hydrochloric acid, 60-80 parts of deionized water.Include the following steps：1, deionized water is heated to 95-98 DEG C；2, hydrochloric acid is added according to the ratio, stirs evenly；3, it is added industrial monoammonium phosphate according to the ratio, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved；4, potassium nitrate and urea are added according to the ratio, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved；5, calcium nitrate is slowly added portionwise according to the ratio, is stirred evenly after the completion of being added；6, cooling finished product after being spray-dried.The advantages that fertilizer has grain fineness good, and water-soluble speed is fast, can improve the yield of cucumber.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water soluble fertilizer technical field, in particular to the dedicated water soluble fertilizer of a kind of cucumber and its preparation
Method.
Background technique
Water soluble fertilizer is the chemical fertilizer for referring to be completely dissolved not residue inside water, its main feature is that content is high
（N P and K total content >=50%）, water-insoluble is few（≤5%）, be suitble to using it is water-soluble spray, one kindization that the modes such as trickle irrigation are applied fertilizer
Learn fertilizer.The water soluble fertilizer of present most enterprises production passes through the raw material of heterogeneity using blending technique
It crushes post blend and forms final finished together.The technique is disadvantageous in that：The variant component of fertilizer is formed, in water
Solution rate is different, in fertilizers input water after, the dissolution of a part of ingredient is very fast, and a part of ingredient dissolution is slower, affects
Total solution rate.And phosphate and the calcium salt property in solid-state in fertilizer are stablized, but chemistry is easy to happen after water-soluble
Reaction generates crop and is difficult to the calcium phosphate precipitation absorbed, fertilizer efficiency is caused to reduce.
Phosphorus is one of macronutrient necessary to crop growth.It is to form Nuclear extract, lecithin etc. no
The element that can lack.P elements can accelerate cell division, promote root system and overground part to accelerate growth, promote bud differentiation, ahead of time
Maturation improves fruit quality.Such as the decomposition of the respiration to crop, photosynthesis, sugar and transport etc. play important work
With.Phosphorus can promote germination, facilitate bud differentiation, promote to bloom good, and promote mature solid ahead of time；It may additionally facilitate root
System's development, makes root system early growth and quick tiller；Phosphorus will affect the normal growth of crop, bloom when lacking, and flower is made to become smaller, and petal is reduced,
Pattern is bad；And making that branch is short, leaf is small, germinating power weakens, and the obfuscation of lower blade leaf color is in aubergine.
Calcium is one of middle amount nutrient necessary to crop growth.Calcium has in the formation and holding of fruit quality
It plays an important role, especially in the fruit development later period, the formation of how many pairs of fruit qualities of calcium content of fruit and the storage after adopting
There is great influence with transport.Perhaps fructuous disorder symptom such as apple bitter pit, cherry dehiscent fruit, the softening of peach, pear
Black heart etc. all has substantial connection with calcium deficiency.Calcium is not only a kind of a great number of elements necessary to growth and development of fruit tree, prior
It is the regulation that fruit tree growth and development are participated in as the second messenger of extracellular signal and biochemical reactions intracellular.Ca2+-CaM
It participates in adjusting differentiation of floral bud of fruit tree, pollen germination, fruit maturation and degeneration-resistant expression etc..
Calcium is one of the most abundant element of content in soil, and fruit tree calcium deficiency is also not meant to soil hypocalcia, even if
Growing plants still has that there is a situation where physiological diseases on calacareous soil rich in calcium.Plant calcium deficiency is caused to be primarily due to calcium
It is not easy after being absorbed by plants and absorbing and not easily shifted, a large amount of calcium is caused to be present in leaf, it is very few in fruit.Calcium can only be unidirectional
Up shift, and influenced by transpiration, usually can there is a phenomenon where the calcium in low-transpiration fruit to flow backwards to branches and leaves, thus fruit
It is real easily to show calcium deficiency symptom.Only the fruit losses as caused by calcium deficiency account for about the 20%-30% of yield in cultivation of fruit tree.
Therefore, the more crop of calcium (such as banana, citrus) is needed to be easy calcium deficiency, it is necessary to apply External Calcium, and most effective side
Method is gone directly by foliage-spray blade and fruit surface, so as to shorten calcium constituent moving distance.
Calcium and phosphorus are all the essential nutrient elements of plant growth and development.Therefore, phosphate fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers are matched in agricultural production
Close application be inevitable, but phosphate fertilizer be manured into soil in easily with calcareous fertilisers formed indissoluble synthos, to affect calcium
Leaching Character and validity.More studies have shown that the calcium carbonate in soil has stronger solid phosphorus effect, main mechanism is
Absorption and precipitating, the calcium carbonate of high-content will be greatly reduced soil P availability.
With the continuous promotion and application of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, water-soluble fertilizer starts gradually to popularize in China.Currently, China
Water-soluble fertilizer be still in infancy,.Water-soluble fertilizer because its is instant, content is high, without hormone the advantages that, be irrigation equipment fertilising
Preferred fertilizer.Since its solubility property is good, nutrient content is high, and crop absorbs the features such as fast, is very suitable to automation fertilising.?
The country that irrigation technique and automation fertilising are popularized, water-soluble fertilizer are widely used.
In order to allow crop to be absorbed into the nutrient of balance, can be added in general compound fertilizer it is various a large amount of needed for plant growth and
Meso- and micro-nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, boron.But in the liquid phase of fertilizer, phosphate anion is easy
It reacts with metal ions such as zinc, calcium, magnesium, forms a large amount of precipitating, substantially reduce phosphorus and calcium ion nutrient availability, from
And reduce the plant recovery of nutrient of fertilizer.At the same time, the precipitating of these indissolubles is easy the filter and drop of clogging drip irrigation system
Head can cause very big loss to agricultural dropleting enemaing system.
In the fertilizer of high phosphorus, calcium is easy to generate the precipitating of indissoluble with phosphate anion.So fertilizer at home is raw
In production, although the upper fertilizer existed simultaneously containing phosphorus calcium in the market, because phosphorus calcium chemically reacts, practical fertilizer efficiency and not to the utmost people
Meaning, therefore, exploitation phosphorus, calcium content are higher and can stablize the fertilizer coexisted with important social and economic benefit.
Application No. is 201410642249.2 patents to disclose a kind of preparation side of high-phosphorus, high-calcium Water Soluble Compound fertilizer
Method includes the following steps：
Step 1, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, urea and anticaking agent are pulverized and mixed uniformly；
Step 2, calcareous fertilisers are slowly added to, stirring while adding, keeping temperature of reaction system is 50-80 DEG C, and end of reaction is cooling, both
?.
It, can be preferably by phosphoric acid and calcium oxide when in the phosphate fertilizer including phosphoric acid, including calcium oxide in the calcareous fertilisers
Individually reaction, the specific steps are：
1) calcium oxide is slowly added into phosphoric acid, stirring while adding, keeping the temperature of reaction system is 70-80 DEG C, wait react
After, reaction solution is distilled into drying, obtains powder 1；
Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, urea and anticaking agent in addition to phosphoric acid is pulverized and mixed uniformly, be then slowly added into except calcium oxide it
Outer calcareous fertilisers, stirring while adding, keeping temperature of reaction system is 50-70 DEG C, and end of reaction is cooling, obtains powder 2；
2) powder 1 and powder 2 are uniformly mixed, both.
Preferably, the high-phosphorus, high-calcium Water Soluble Compound fertilizer is prepared as steps described below：
S1, powdered component non-in solid potash fertilizer and solid phosphate fertilizer is crushed, is uniformly mixed；
S2, side crush urea, while smashed urea is added in the powder of S1, stir evenly；
S3, anticaking agent is added in the powder of S2, is stirred until homogeneous；
S4, remaining potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is added in the powder of S3 respectively, it is stirring while adding to uniform；
S5, calcareous fertilisers are slowly added into the powder of S4, keeping reaction temperature is 50-80 DEG C, end of reaction, both.
It further, can be preferably by phosphoric acid when in the phosphate fertilizer including phosphoric acid, including calcium oxide in the calcareous fertilisers
It individually reacts, includes the following steps with calcium oxide：
A, the preparation of powder 1：Calcium oxide is slowly added into phosphoric acid, stirring while adding, keeping the temperature of reaction system is 70-
80 DEG C, to after reaction, reaction solution be distilled drying, obtain powder 1；
The preparation of powder 2：
S1, powdered component non-in solid potash fertilizer and solid phosphate fertilizer is crushed, is uniformly mixed；
S2, side crush urea, while smashed urea is added in the powder of S1, stir evenly；
S3, anticaking agent is added in the powder of S2, is stirred until homogeneous；
S4, remaining potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is added in the powder of S3 respectively, it is stirring while adding to uniform；
S5, calcareous fertilisers are slowly added into the powder of S4, keeping reaction temperature is 50-80 DEG C, and end of reaction obtains powder 2；
B, powder 1 and powder 2 are uniformly mixed, both.
The present invention can be such that phosphate radical coexists with calcium ion by the control of particular order and the technique of special reaction condition
In solid phase, after fertilizer is dissolved in water, phosphate radical and calcium ion can be made steadily to coexist in liquid phase simultaneously, avoid generating calcium phosphate
Equal indissolubles precipitating, effectively improves the utilization rate of phosphorus calcareous fertilisers material.Specifically, the present invention by calcareous fertilisers in acid condition can with it is highly concentrated
It spends phosphoric acid and/or phosphate reaction generates calcium phosphate complex, so that phosphate radical and calcium ion steadily coexist in liquid simultaneously
Xiang Zhong avoids generating the indissolubles such as calcium phosphate precipitating.
It has been found that not only needing that anticaking agent is added in the above method and the dissolubility of finished product fertilizers is bad, and phosphorus
With the compossibility of calcium not as we said so good.
In addition, there is also the deficiencies for being difficult to stir evenly completely for water-soluble fertilizer in Practical Operation, and because the time limits
System, peasant household is also difficult to be completely dissolved until fertilizer and just start fertilising operation after mixing evenly, thus different zones is caused to be applied fertilizer
Concentration is inconsistent, to affect effect.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the applicant carries out technological innovation to classic water-soluble production technique for fertilizer, passes through system
Determine rational formula, adjust production technology, research and develop that dissolubility in a kind of water is good, and in fertilizer the synchronous dissolution of each nutrient Huang
The dedicated water soluble fertilizer of melon.The scheme is as follows：
On the one hand, it the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber, is made of raw material from the following weight：
It 25-30 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-14 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.2-0.4 parts of hydrochloric acid, goes
60-80 parts of ionized water.
Preferably, water soluble fertilizer provided by the invention is made of raw material from the following weight：30 parts of urea, industrial phosphoric acid
20 parts of monoammonium, 50 parts of potassium nitrate, 12 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.3 part of hydrochloric acid, 75 parts of deionized water.
Wherein, urea is agricultural small particle urea, partial size 0.85mm-2.8mm；Preferably, nitrogen content is
46.4wt%。
Wherein, industrial monoammonium phosphate is crystal, and partial size is < 3.0mm；Preferably, nitrogen content 11wt%, five oxidations two
Phosphorus content is 62wt%.
Wherein, potassium nitrate is agricultural powdery or lenticular；Preferably, nitrogen content 13.5wt%, potassium oxide content are
46wt%。
Wherein, calcium nitrate is agricultural lenticular, partial size < 3mm；Preferably, nitrogen content 15.5wt%, calcium content are
19%wt。
Wherein, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 10-20wt%, it is preferable that its concentration is 15wt%.
Wherein, deionized water is the pure water for eliminating water intermediate ion state impurity.Here it can be regarded as i.e. TDS（Total
dissolved solids）Value is lower than the pure water of 5ppm.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention also provides the preparation methods of the dedicated water soluble fertilizer of the cucumber, including with
Lower step：
1, deionized water 60-80 parts by weight are heated to 95-98 DEG C.
2, hydrochloric acid 0.2-0.4 parts by weight are added, stir evenly, adjusts pH value and is reacted to avoid phosphorus and calcium.
3, industrial monoammonium phosphate 15-25 parts by weight are added, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved.
4, potassium nitrate 45-55 parts by weight and urea 25-30 parts by weight are added, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved.
5, calcium nitrate 10-14 parts by weight are slowly added portionwise, are stirred evenly after the completion of being added, calcium nitrate must divide when being added
It dissipates, bulk is avoided to be added, and be added while must be stirred continuously.
6, cooling finished product after being spray-dried keeps its granularity good, particle is uniformly and water-soluble using being dusted after water-soluble again
It is good.
In the above method, by using concentration and reaction condition under acid condition, is controlled, calcium and phosphorus would not occur instead
Answer, and later finished product it is water-soluble when will not react.
Wherein, in step 2, the processing time is 10-20 seconds.
Wherein, in step 3, the processing time is 30-40 seconds.
Wherein, in step 4, the processing time is 2-3 minutes.
Wherein, in steps of 5, the processing time is 30-60 seconds, and the additional amount of calcium nitrate per second is less than 0.3 parts by weight.
Wherein, in step 6, the hot blast temperature of spray drying is 150-160 DEG C, is cooled to 60 DEG C or less after dry.
Wherein, in above-mentioned preparation method, addition sequence, additional amount and condition control（Such as time）Etc. needing strict control,
It can not arbitrarily change, change and will cause the soluble bad of final finished, do not reach requirement.
To sum up, technical solution bring beneficial effect provided in an embodiment of the present invention is：The embodiment of the invention provides one
Kind dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof, the fertilizer is by under certain concentration, using under the conditions of specific acid
The advantages that specific process and condition, make its product have grain fineness good, and water-soluble speed is fast, and fertilizer nutrient activity is high.It is higher
Solution rate, reduce the stirring difficulty of user, and dissolve in a short time more uniform.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be made below further detailed
Description.
Embodiment 1：
Embodiment 1 provides a kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber, and preparation method includes the following steps：
1,75 parts by weight of deionized water are heated to 95-98 DEG C.
2,0.3 parts by weight of 15wt% hydrochloric acid are added, stir evenly, the used time 15 seconds.
3,20 parts by weight of industrial monoammonium phosphate are added, stirring is uniformly mixed, the used time 40 seconds to being completely dissolved.
4,50 parts by weight of potassium nitrate and 30 parts by weight of urea are added, stirring is uniformly mixed, the used time 160 to being completely dissolved
Second.
5,12 parts by weight of calcium nitrate are slowly added portionwise, are stirred evenly after the completion of being added, the used time 45 seconds.
6, the above mixed slurry is run through into nozzle mist and sprays into hothouse, hot blast temperature control is in 150- in hothouse
160 DEG C, slurry meets heated-air drying and drops down onto drier bottom at powder, and hot wind gas containing hydrogen chloride after drying can pass through water-bath and return
It receives；Acquired powder enters cooler cooling, is cooled below 60 DEG C and obtains water soluble fertilizer finished product.
Fertilizer application effect：
Application effect 1
Applied to cucumber, each processing uses 10 plants of cucumber, and the beginning top dressing in 25 days after cucumber transplanting, topdressing method is by above-mentioned fertilizer
Material and control are diluted with 600 times of water respectively, with water pours, top dressing again behind interval 15 days continuously imposes 4 times, weighs full fertility
Phase cucumber yield determines effect of increasing production.
Table 1
| Scheme | Dosage（It is equivalent） | Average single plant yield | Theoretical per mu yield |
| 45% general compound fertilizer | 120g/ plants | 3.8kg | 11500kg |
| Water solubility fertilizer in embodiment 4 | 80g/ plants | 4.7kg | 14700kg |
As shown in Table 1：Using this water soluble fertilizer cucumber production promoting effect clearly, fertilizer amount reduce 40g/ plants of situations
Under, yield increases by 27.82%, has good economic value.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber, which is characterized in that be made of raw material from the following weight：25-30 parts of urea,
15-25 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 45-55 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-14 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.2-0.4 parts of hydrochloric acid, deionized water 60-80
Part.
2. the dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by the raw material system of following parts by weight
At：30 parts of urea, 20 parts of industrial monoammonium phosphate, 50 parts of potassium nitrate, 12 parts of calcium nitrate, 0.3 part of hydrochloric acid, 75 parts of deionized water.
3. the dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 10-
20wt%。
4. the preparation method of the dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly：
1, deionized water 60-80 parts by weight are heated to 95-98 DEG C；
2, hydrochloric acid 0.2-0.4 parts by weight are added, stir evenly, the processing time is 10-20 seconds；
3, industrial monoammonium phosphate 15-25 parts by weight are added, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved, and the processing time is 30-40
Second；
4, potassium nitrate 45-55 parts by weight and urea 25-30 parts by weight are added, stirring is uniformly mixed to being completely dissolved, when processing
Between be 2-3 minutes；
5, calcium nitrate 10-14 parts by weight are slowly added portionwise, are stirred evenly after the completion of being added, the processing time is 30-60 seconds, per second
The additional amount of calcium nitrate is less than 0.3 parts by weight；
6, cooling finished product after being spray-dried, the hot blast temperature of spray drying are 150-160 DEG C, be cooled to after dry 60 DEG C with
Under.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710328151.3A CN108863500A (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | A kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710328151.3A CN108863500A (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | A kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108863500A true CN108863500A (en) | 2018-11-23 |
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| CN201710328151.3A Pending CN108863500A (en) | 2017-05-11 | 2017-05-11 | A kind of dedicated water soluble fertilizer of cucumber and preparation method thereof |
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| Country | Link |
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2017
- 2017-05-11 CN CN201710328151.3A patent/CN108863500A/en active Pending
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| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20181123 |
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