CN108849294A - A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake - Google Patents
A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake, and deposit transformation, the building of submerged plant growth patch, purification of water quality measure and the control of deposit internal phosphorus release and Submerged plant communities including target lake construct.The present invention is that the submerged plant according to existing for the high organic deposit of lake restores difficult problem, by the way that lake sediment is transformed, water body Powerful purification and deposit endogenous polyamine control, submerged plant growth patch setting etc. measures, the purpose of the fast quick-recovery Submerged plant communities in high organic deposit lake is realized, this method has the characteristics that safe, at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental technology fields, and in particular to a kind of fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake
Method.
Background technique
Submerged vegetation recovery is the core link of ecosystem restoration, and realizes the pass that muddy water state changes to clear water state
Key, among these the Ecology Action mechanism of submerged vegetation mainly include：（1）Nutriment can be utilized with algae competition, reduces algae
Biomass；（2）Increase particulate matter sedimentation, inhibits sediment resuspension；（3）The place of growth and breeding is provided for zooplankter, and
Hide fish predation for it to create conditions；（4）Oxygen is discharged to deposit by root system, improves deposit oxidation-reduction potential,
Inhibit the release, etc. of sediment phosphorus.Ecological system degradation practice have shown that, only submerged vegetation restore after clean water system
It can stablize.External numerous studies find that, if submerged vegetation does not restore after bio operon, system can also be returned to muddy water state,
But vegetation is once being formed, since great variety has occurred in Biotope Landscape, just will form the clean water system with different structure.
However, for the lake or river of some high organic deposits, even if external source pollution fully controls, submerged plant
Recovery also tend to it is extremely difficult.The main reason is that first is that in deposit reproducibility noxious material such as hydrogen sulfide murder by poisoning make
With, second is that the deposit of high organic content, moisture content is generally also high, and the anchor-hold of submerged plant root growth is inadequate, that is,
Required fixation matrix is not grown.
Therefore, for the recovery of submerged plant in those high organic deposit lakes, how to improve sediment properties, it is fast
Quick-recovery Submerged plant communities are the successful key problem in technology of high organic deposit ecological restoration of lakes.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake, which is characterized in that including：
（1）Deposit transformation；
The porous mineral matter layer of one layer of lightweight is laid on the deposit of target water body, the quality group of the mineral layer becomes
50-80% cinder powder, 10-30% rice or wheat straw fiber, 5-10% kaolin；
Using mineral layer, high organic deposit to be improved, mineral layer can create a porous substrate layer, and one
It is easy for the discharge of toxic gas such as hydrogen sulfide in deposit；Second is that creating the matrix of submerged plant attachment, enhance root system of plant
Anchor-hold condition；Third is that absorption and control Phosphorus in Sediments discharges, realize and the microcosmic salt of high organic deposit is controlled, is later kind
The root system of plant of plant, which secretes oxygen, improves bottom environment.Mineral layer selects the material of lighter weight, can be covered on deposit table
Face, without excessively sinking.
（2）Submerged plant growth patch is constructed, for kind of a planting submerged plant；The submerged plant growth patch be have bottom without
The rectangular frame structure of lid；
Submerged plant growth patch is constructed, plant growth patch is constructed by artificial mode, creating is suitable for microhabitat, accelerates to plant
The recovery of object expands submerged plant from point to face, in addition, the setting of plant growth patch also can effectively improve bottom environment,
Absorb the nutriment in water body and deposit.
Method of the invention, the step（1）In, mineral layer cladding thickness is 1-5cm.Cinder powder partial size is 0.1-
0.5cm；Rice or the long 0.5-5cm of wheat straw fiber.Cinder powder is 0.1-0.5cm, and roughness is higher, fixed same convenient for root system of plant
When can also improve the release that Sediment environment inhibits phosphorus, in addition, be added cinder powder and rice or wheat straw fiber these two types quality compared with
Light substance can excessively sink to avoid mineral layer, and be the main material for creating porous structure, and cinder powder can also be effective
Inhibit the release of sediment phosphorus, improves Sediment environment；
The step（2）In, rectangular frame structure is woven using bamboo chip, three face lined with polyethylene nets in frame.Rectangular frame bottom
Area 1-5m2, high 10-30cm；Bamboo chip mesh 1-3cm；Mesh sheet mesh is 0.2-0.5cm.It is raw that 10-20cm plant is laid in frame
Long matrix；The quality group of the plant growth medium becomes：Cinder powder 70-90%, 5-20% kaolin, 0.1-1% Nafusaku.
Cinder powder in matrix primarily serves the purpose of fixed root system of plant, while can also improve Sediment environment and release with Endogenous Phosphorus is inhibited
Put, using Nafusaku be adjusted submerged plant growth, promote root system of plant it is sturdy with more, enhance the anchor-hold of plant, use
Kaolin can combine matrix effect, while control Nafusaku rate of release.
Further, submerged plant variety adoption root system is more flourishing in patch and the eel grass of more resistant, watermifoil and
The kinds such as black algae；Planting density is 10-100 plants/m2.Deposition of the target water body by transformation is arranged in submerged plant growth patch
On object, the plant growth patch gross area of setting is the 20-50% of target coverage of water.
It further, further include step（3）Flocculant of splashing flocculation water body flock, suspended particulate and algae and water, only
Change water quality, dephosphorization agent of splashing later controls deposit internal phosphorus release.Water quality can only be improved using flocculant in short term, and
The flock formed after use swims in water surface influence landscape for a long time also shading depression effect, and single use dephosphorization agent is to heavy
Product object internal phosphorus release is effective but relatively weak to water quality improvement result.It can wad a quilt with cotton in conjunction with using flocculant and dephosphorization agent
Coalescence precipitates flock, suspended particulate and algae and water caused by aforementioned construction, improves water transparency, while inhibiting to deposit
The release of object Endogenous Phosphorus.Preferably, the step（3）In, flocculant selects 10-30mg/L aluminium polychloride；Dephosphorization agent is selected
Lock phosphorus agent, dosage 0.2-1kg/m2.Lock phosphorus agent is reused after using aluminium polychloride, it can be fast by aluminium salt flock substance
The comprehensive use of speed sedimentation, two kinds of drugs of selection can be for a long time（About 3-6 months）Improve water transparency.
It further, further include step（4）, the high organic deposit in target water body was at minerals covering 1-3 months
Afterwards, sediment properties significantly improve, and p.malaianus, micro- is reseeded in other regions outside submerged plant growth patch at this time
The kinds submerged plant such as tooth bog pondweed or hornwort makes the submerged plant coverage of target water reach 60% or more, thus quickly
Construct stable Submerged plant communities.
Method of the invention is transformed deposit by using porous mineral matter layer, and combines submerged plant growth spot
Block building, flocculation and internal phosphorus release control, realize the restoration of the ecosystem in high organic deposit lake.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Experiment carries out in the big plastic barrel of Wuxi Taihu Lake field station, selects the mud of Taihu Lake high organic content as real
Test deposit.Experimental design is experiment of single factor, and 3 groups of deposits are arranged and handle：Control treatment, deposit reforming processing, deposition
Object transformation+plant growth patch processing.3 repetitions of every group of processing.
Deposit reforming processing method is as follows, and the porous mineral matter of one layer of lighter weight is laid on former deposit layer
Layer, overburden cover 3cm, coating group become, cinder powder 80%, 15% rice or wheat straw fiber, kaolin 5%；Wherein cinder
Powder diameter is 0.1-0.5cm；Rice or the long 0.5-5cm of wheat straw fiber.
Deposit transformation+plant growth patch processing is as follows；Plant growth patch is set on the deposit by transformation,
Patch is the rectangular frame structure for having bottom uncovered, is woven using bamboo chip, three face lined with polyethylene nets, rectangular frame bottom surface in frame
Product 1-5m2, high 10-30cm；Bamboo chip mesh 1-3cm；Mesh sheet mesh is 0.2-0.5cm.Plaque area accounts for deposit area
30%, the planting density of submerged plant is 10 plants/m in patch2, patch is interior to be laid with 10-20cm plant growth medium, matrix composition
It is as follows, cinder powder 85%, 14% kaolin, 1% Nafusaku.
Control treatment group is without any processing.
Experiment starts first 1 week, chooses the almost the same eel grass seedling of 15 plants of color brilliant green, initial masses（Every plant of blade is about
3-5 piece, plant height are about 10 ± 0.3 cm, and total biomass is 8 ± 0.1g）It is transplanted in each bucket.Non-treated control, deposit change
It makes in processing, eel grass is directly planted on deposit, and in deposit transformation plus plant growth patch, eel grass is planted on patch
Face.After experiment one month, the eel grass sample in each bucket is collected, and use clear water cleaning down, given birth to measuring eel grass in each system
Object amount calculates relative growth rate, while measuring water transparency and chlorophyll.
As a result, it has been found that water transparency range is 15-28cm in control treatment group, chlorophyll is 55-79 μ g/L, experiment
At the end of eel grass blade rot, in negative growth, also not new plant division；In deposit reforming processing, water transparency range
It is 32-45 μ g/L for 25-40cm, chlorophyll, the eel grass blade at the end of experiment does not obviously rot, and eel grass has raw to a certain degree
Long, relative growth rate is 3.4 ± 1.1 mg g-1 d-1, not new plant division generates；At deposit transformation+plant growth patch
In reason, water transparency range is 38-55cm, chlorophyll is 21-33 μ g/L, and the eel grass blade at the end of experiment is light green, eel grass
Growth is obvious, and relative growth rate is 14.4 ± 3.5mg g-1 d-1, it is 4.7 average to increase new plant division, it is notable that new
Increased plant division is expanded to the sediments zones outside plant growth patch there are about half.
Embodiment 2
It tests and is carried out on July 27th, 2013 to the August 26th outdoor experiment pools near East Taihu Lake.Select Taihu Lake height organic
The mud of matter content is as experiment deposit.
Deposit reforming processing is carried out to deposit first and plant growth patch constructs.It is laid on former deposit layer
The porous mineral matter layer of one layer of lighter weight, overburden cover 1cm, coating group become, cinder powder 70%, 20% rice or wheat
Straw fiber, kaolin 10%；Wherein cinder powder partial size is 0.1-0.5cm；Rice or the long 0.5-5cm of wheat straw fiber.
Plant growth patch is set on the deposit by transformation, and patch is the rectangular frame structure for having bottom uncovered, is adopted
It is woven with bamboo chip, three face lined with polyethylene net in frame, rectangular frame floor space 1-5m2, high 10-30cm；Bamboo chip mesh 1-
3cm；Mesh sheet mesh is 0.2-0.5cm.Plaque area accounts for the 50% of deposit area, and the planting density of submerged plant is in patch
100 plants/m2, submerged plant selection eel grass, watermifoil and black algae；10-20cm plant growth medium, matrix composition are laid in patch
It is as follows, cinder powder 80%, 19% kaolin, 1% Nafusaku.
It is flocculated later to target water body, dephosphorization processing.Experimental design 4 processing：Non-treated group, at aluminium polychloride
Reason group, locks phosphorus agent processing group, poly-aluminium+lock phosphorus agent processing group, and polyaluminium aluminum concentration is 10-30mg/L；Dephosphorization agent dosage is
0.2-1kg/m2.Experiment front and back measures water body chlorophyll, total nitrogen, total phosphorus.Before formal experiment, total nitrogen is acquired（2.5mg/L）, total phosphorus
（150ug/L）, chlorophyll（65ug/L）Background index.Water body is tested one month by a definite date.
At the end of experiment, non-treated group of water quality is poor always, and water quality indicator deteriorates, and total nitrogen reaches 3.1mg/L, total phosphorus reaches
To 195ug/L, chlorophyll concentration 77ug/L；Aluminium polychloride processing group（20mg/L）, after drug, water body has a large amount of waddings
Shape substance, water phytoplankton are substantially reduced, and transparency improves, but the clear water phase holds time about 7-10 days or so water quality and rapid
Deteriorate, at the end of experiment water body total nitrogen（2.8mg/L）, total phosphorus（173ug/L）, chlorophyll（71ug/L）Than the background before experiment
Value wants high；Lock phosphorus agent processing group（Usage amount 0.5kg/ m2）Although it is slow with respect to poly-aluminium to lock phosphorus agent effect, water quality continues
Improving, water phytoplankton is gradually reducing always, at the end of experiment, total nitrogen（1.6mg/L）, total phosphorus（97ug/L）, Ye Lv
Element（35ug/L）；Poly-aluminium+lock phosphorus agent processing group, is first handled using poly-aluminium, and water body forms a large amount of flocks, later using lock phosphorus
Agent is tested the 5th day, and water phytoplankton just obviously tails off, and water body is limpid, at the end of experiment, total nitrogen（0.95mg/L）, total phosphorus
（45ug/L）, chlorophyll（13ug/L）, transparency sees the bottom, water quality obtain it is rapid, stablize and improve.In terms of submerged plant growth：Nothing
In processing group, plant leaf blade mostly rots, in negative growth, without new plant division；Aluminium polychloride processing group has to be grown to a certain degree,
Relative growth rate is 1.2 ± 0.5 mg g-1 d-1, not new plant division generates；It is obvious to lock phosphorus agent processing group submerged plant growth,
Relative growth rate is 5.4 ± 1.3mg g-1 d-1, it is 4.7 average to increase new plant division；In poly-aluminium+lock phosphorus agent processing group, heavy water
Plant growth is extremely obvious, and relative growth rate is 13.5 ± 3.1mg g-1 d-1, averagely increase new strain 13.3.
Embodiment 3
The a certain river in Wuxi, 1000 square metres of coverage of water, 2 meters of the depth of water, external source pollution cutting, but Organic Matter In Sediments content compared with
Height reaches 6%, and water quality is poor, and algal bloom is frequently broken out, transparency 30cm.In late January, 2015 starts to carry out restoration of the ecosystem.
The porous mineral matter layer of one layer of lighter weight, overburden cover 5cm are laid on deposit.Minerals coating
Group becomes, cinder powder 50%, 30% rice or wheat straw fiber, kaolin 20%；Wherein cinder powder partial size is 0.1-0.5cm；Rice or
The long 0.5-5cm of wheat straw fiber.
Late April constructs submerged plant growth patch.Submerged plant growth patch is the frame structure that rectangle has bottom uncovered,
It is woven using bamboo chip, three face lined with polyethylene net in frame, rectangular frame floor space 1-5m2, high 10-30cm；Bamboo chip mesh 1-
3cm；Mesh sheet mesh is 0.2-0.5cm, and plaque area accounts for the 20% of deposit area.Plant growth medium 10- is laid in frame
20cm, matrix form as follows, cinder powder 90%, 9% kaolin, 1% Nafusaku.The planting density of submerged plant is 80 in patch
Strain/m2, kind is watermifoil and black algae.The gross area of submerged plant growth patch is 200m2。
At the beginning of 5 months, aluminium polychloride of splashing, concentration 20mg/L after 3 days, splashes and locks phosphorus agent 0.5kg/m2, after a week, water
Body transparency reaches 80cm.Submerged plant communities building, other ecological region plantings outside submerged plant growth patch are carried out by the end of July
The submerged plant coverage of the kinds such as p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu and hornwort, target water reaches 60% or more, sinks
Water phytobiocoenose is restored rapidly, and the main water quality indicator of water body reaches earth's surface three classes water quality standard, and chlorophyll concentration is lower than 10ug/
L, transparency reach 100cm or more, and aquatic ecosystem is relatively stable.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake, which is characterized in that including：
（1）Deposit transformation；
The porous mineral matter layer of one layer of lightweight is laid on the deposit of target water body, the quality group of the mineral layer becomes
50-80% cinder powder, 15-30% rice or wheat straw fiber, 5-20% kaolin；
（2）Submerged plant growth patch is constructed, for kind of a planting submerged plant；The submerged plant growth patch is to have bottom uncovered
Rectangular frame structure.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step（1）In, mineral layer cladding thickness is 1-
5cm。
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step（1）In, cinder powder partial size is 0.1-0.5cm；
Rice or the long 0.5-5cm of wheat straw fiber.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step（2）In, rectangular frame structure is compiled using bamboo chip
It knits, three face lined with polyethylene net in frame.
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the step（2）In, rectangular frame floor space 1-5m2, high
10-30cm；Bamboo chip mesh 1-3cm；Mesh sheet mesh is 0.2-0.5cm.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step（2）In, 10-20cm plant is laid in frame
Growth substrate；The plant growth medium quality group becomes：Cinder powder 80-90%, 9-19% kaolin, 1% Nafusaku.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein the step（2）In, submerged plant selects eel grass, fox-brush
One of algae and black algae are a variety of；Planting density is 10-100 plants/m2。
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein further including step（3）, flocculant of splashing flocculate water body it is cotton-shaped
Body, suspended particulate and algae and water, purify water, and dephosphorization agent of splashing later controls deposit internal phosphorus release.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the step（3）In, flocculant selects aluminium polychloride,
Splashing makes its concentration 10-30mg/L in water body；Dephosphorization agent selects lock phosphorus agent, dosage 0.2-1kg/m2。
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein further including step（4）, outside submerged plant growth patch
Other regions reseed p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu or hornwort.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111199019A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-05-26 | 北京师范大学 | Method for restoring submerged plant community in polluted fresh water area |
| CN112062199A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-11 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Sediment-water interface nutritive salt targeted blocking method |
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