CN108847511B - Integrated heat exchange structure based on battery module - Google Patents

Integrated heat exchange structure based on battery module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108847511B
CN108847511B CN201810609014.1A CN201810609014A CN108847511B CN 108847511 B CN108847511 B CN 108847511B CN 201810609014 A CN201810609014 A CN 201810609014A CN 108847511 B CN108847511 B CN 108847511B
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heat pipe
cold plate
heat
battery module
section
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CN108847511A (en
Inventor
张扬军
姚程宁
丹聃
诸葛伟林
李志勇
钱煜平
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554Rods or plates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567Liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

An integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module comprises a cold plate and at least one separated flat heat pipe. The cold plate is arranged below the battery module; the heat pipe evaporation section is tightly attached to two sides of the battery module and is connected with the heat pipe condensation section through the heat pipe bending section and the heat pipe connecting piece; the heat pipe condensation sections with parallelogram planes are arranged in the cold plate, so that double-flow-direction vein type flow channels are formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate, the flow directions of fluids on two sides of the central line are opposite, and the micro spoiler or the micro groove is additionally arranged in the flow channel. The invention adopts the structural design of combining the flat heat pipe and the cold plate technology, integrates the condensation section of the heat pipe and the cold plate, not only can realize high-efficiency heat dissipation, reduce the working temperature of the battery and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module, but also has small volume and compact structure, and effectively overcomes the technical defect of poor temperature uniformity of the battery caused by the inconsistent upstream and downstream heat dissipation capacities of the heat pipe in the traditional heat pipe cooling mode.

Description

Integrated heat exchange structure based on battery module
Technical Field
The invention relates to an integrated heat exchange structure of a battery module, and belongs to the technical field of battery heat management and heat transfer.
Background
High-temperature enhanced heat dissipation and low-temperature rapid heating are the key points of thermal management research of power batteries, wherein the enhanced heat transfer research of the batteries is the leading edge and the hot spot. At present, the research methods mainly comprise Phase Change Materials (PCM) based on a phase change process, heat conduction of a heat pipe and heat dissipation based on air cooling and liquid cooling. The phase change material PCM or heat pipe structure can obviously strengthen the heat conduction of the battery and realize temperature equalization. The latent heat of the PCM absorbs the heat generated by the battery, and the heat conducting performance of the PCM is improved by preparing the PCM or adding materials such as foam metal and graphite, but the PCM has the defects of leakage, insufficient latent heat and the like. The heat pipe has strong heat conduction capability and good temperature balance, common heat pipes comprise a gravity heat pipe, a sintering heat pipe, a pulsating heat pipe and the like, and the novel structure comprises a micro-channel heat pipe, a flat heat pipe, a loop heat pipe and the like. Air cooling and liquid cooling heat dissipation which take air or liquid as a cooling medium are two main ways for realizing heat dissipation of the commercial battery module at present. Air cooling is divided into a natural convection mode and a forced cooling mode, but the heat dissipation and temperature equalization effects are poor, particularly under the conditions of high-rate and high-power charging and discharging of a battery module. The liquid cooling is divided into direct cooling and indirect cooling, the direct cooling immerses the battery module in insulating liquid to realize heat transfer, and the indirect cooling realizes heat convection with the battery module through circulation of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling plate runner. Because the liquid convection heat transfer coefficient is higher than the gas convection heat transfer coefficient, the actual liquid cooling effect is better than air cooling, which has become the mainstream trend at present, but the temperature uniformity of the battery module is poorer in the liquid cooling heat dissipation mode. With the increase of the energy density of the battery and the requirement of high-rate charge and discharge of the battery, efficient heat dissipation is difficult to realize only by adopting a single heat dissipation mode, and particularly, severe heat generation under extreme conditions is dealt with. Research shows that more effective battery heat dissipation can be realized through the combination of heat pipe heat conduction and liquid cooling plate centralized heat dissipation, and the design of the heat exchange structure with centralized heat conduction and gradient heat dissipation can effectively reduce the working temperature of the battery and improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module.
At present, the structural design of heat pipe and liquid cooling technology combined heat dissipation is still in a research stage, the structural basis of numerous experiments and simulation is that a plurality of cylindrical heat pipes with fins generate heat to be led into a liquid cooling channel, the cylindrical heat pipes and the liquid cooling channel are independent parts and are combined through a one-way liquid cooling channel, the heat exchange between a heat pipe condensation section and cooling liquid is insufficient, the heat exchange of the condensation section is enhanced, the cooling flow needs to be increased, so that the volume of the liquid cooling channel is larger, the heat dissipation capacity of downstream liquid to the downstream heat pipe due to higher temperature is obviously lower than that of an upstream heat pipe, and the temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module, which combines a separated flat heat pipe and a cold plate to realize the effects of quick heat dissipation and temperature equalization.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module is characterized by comprising a cold plate and at least one separated flat heat pipe, wherein the cold plate is arranged below the battery module; the heat pipe evaporation sections are tightly attached to two sides of the battery module; the heat pipe condensation sections are arranged in the cold plate, so that an integrated fluid channel structure is formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate.
Preferably, a heat pipe bending section is arranged between each heat pipe evaporation section and each heat pipe condensation section, and one end of each heat pipe bending section is connected with the heat pipe evaporation section through a heat pipe connecting piece; the other end is fixedly connected with the condensation section of the heat pipe.
Preferably, an insulating section is added between the evaporation section and the bending section of the heat pipe.
Preferably, the thickness of the condensation section of the heat pipe is the same as that of the cold plate, the thickness is in millimeter order, and the thin plane perpendicular to the thickness direction is a parallelogram.
Preferably, the fluid channels in the cold plate are dual-flow-direction, lobed flow channels; the vein-type flow channel is formed by symmetrically arranging a plurality of heat pipe condensation sections along the central line of the length direction of the plane of the cold plate; the heat pipe condensation sections on the same side of the symmetry line are uniformly arranged at intervals; and integrated fluid channels are formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate.
Preferably, the fluid channel in the cold plate is a micro channel, and one or two of a micro spoiler and a micro groove are arranged in the fluid channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and prominent technical effects:
the invention adopts the structural design of combining the flat heat pipe and cold plate technologies, so that the condensation section of the heat pipe and the cold plate are integrated, the volume is small, the structure is compact, and the heat exchange capability is strong. The micro-channel flat heat pipe and micro-channel design can realize the flowing heat exchange effect under the micro scale, has higher heat exchange coefficient and lighter system quality, and the heat exchange coefficient of the phase change heat exchange has the advantage of several orders of magnitude higher than that of the single-phase heat exchange.
The design that heat pipe condensation segment and cold plate integration formed fluid passage combines together heat pipe high efficiency heat conductivity ability and cold plate cooling capacity, realizes concentrating heat conduction and gradient heat transfer, not only can realize high-efficient heat dissipation, reduces battery operating temperature, can also promote the temperature uniformity of battery module. The fluid flow directions on the two sides of the central line of the cold plate are opposite, and the central line is respectively provided with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, so that the temperature uniformity of the two ends of the cold plate and the battery module can be ensured compared with the phenomenon that the downstream temperature formed by the fluid flowing in a single direction is gradually increased; the inclined flow channel design is beneficial to reducing the flow resistance of the fluid and facilitating the fluid circulation; the micro spoiler or the micro groove additionally arranged in the flow channel is beneficial to destroying the thickness of a thermal boundary layer between the fluid and the wall surface of the flow channel and strengthening heat exchange.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an outline view of an integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a flat heat pipe and a cold plate.
FIGS. 3a and 3b are schematic views of the planar internal structure of the cold plate, wherein FIG. 3a is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2; fig. 3B is a cross-sectional view B-B of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fluid channel with micro-spoilers and micro-grooves.
In the figure: 1-a battery module; 2-a heat pipe evaporation section; 3-heat pipe connections; 4-bending the heat pipe; 5-a heat pipe condensation section; 6-a cold plate; 7-a fluid channel; 7 a-a fluid inlet; 7 b-a fluid outlet; 8-a miniature spoiler; 9-micro grooves.
Detailed Description
The structure and the specific implementation mode of the invention are further explained by combining the drawings as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module according to the present invention, the integrated heat exchange structure includes a cold plate 6 and at least one separated flat heat pipe, the cold plate is disposed below the battery module 1; each separated flat heat pipe is composed of a heat pipe evaporation section 2, a heat pipe bending section 4 and a heat pipe condensation section 5, the thickness of each separated flat heat pipe is as thin as millimeters, the materials are aluminum or copper, a liquid absorption core and a phase change medium are contained in each separated flat heat pipe, the working capacity of each separated flat heat pipe is not influenced by gravity or inclination of the heat pipe, and the separated flat heat pipe has the effects of heat exchange strengthening and flat plate temperature averaging under the microscale. The separated flat heat pipe can also be additionally provided with a heat insulation section between the evaporation section and the bending section so as to meet the long-distance heat conduction requirement of the battery module heat management system. The heat pipe evaporation section 2 is tightly attached to two sides of the battery module 1, and the heat pipe condensation section 5 is arranged inside the cold plate 6. One end of the heat pipe bending section 4 is connected with the heat pipe evaporation section 2 through a heat pipe connecting piece 3 so as to be convenient to disassemble and maintain, and the other end of the heat pipe bending section is fixedly connected with the heat pipe condensation section 5; the heat pipe bending section 4 is beneficial to flexible arrangement of the heat pipe and cold plate integrated structure, and the heat pipe condensation section is arranged inside the cold plate to form an integrated fluid channel 7, so that the size of the heat exchange system is reduced.
As shown in fig. 2, the cold plate is disposed below the battery module, the fluid channel therein is a micro channel, the thickness is millimeter, and fluid flow circulation is realized through the fluid inlet and outlet. When the battery module generates heat in the charging and discharging process, the phase change medium in the separated flat heat pipe is heated and evaporated in the evaporation section, flows through the bending section along the pipeline in the heat pipe and then reaches the condensation section, and transfers the heat to the cooling fluid in the cold plate when meeting the condensation junction to realize heat exchange, and the liquid after the exchange condensation is driven by the capillary force of the liquid absorption core to flow back to the evaporation section; the heat is finally carried away from the battery module by the cooling fluid, and the high-efficiency heat dissipation and temperature equalization effects are achieved.
The condensation section 5 of the heat pipe belongs to the internal structure of the cold plate (shown by a dotted line in fig. 2) and forms the main structure of the cold plate together with the fluid channel; the thin plane of the condensing section perpendicular to the thickness direction is a parallelogram, so that the characteristic that the included angle between the flow channel between the condensing sections of the adjacent heat pipes and the central line of the cold plate is inclined is formed, and the flow resistance of fluid in the flow channel of the cold plate is reduced; the cooling fluid circulates in the cold plate through the fluid inlet 7a, the fluid outlet 7 b.
Fig. 3a is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 2, which shows the connection relationship between the evaporation section 2, the condensation section 5 and the bending section 4 of the heat pipe, and the structure relationship of the integrated fluid channel formed by the cold plate 6 and the condensation section 5 of the heat pipe.
Fig. 3B is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 2, illustrating the internal configuration of the cold plate, and illustrating fluid flow within the fluid passageways of the cold plate. As can be seen from the figure, the fluid channel 7 in the cold plate is a dual-flow-direction vein-type flow channel, and the vein-type flow channel is formed by symmetrically arranging a plurality of heat pipe condensation sections on the center line of the length direction of the plane of the cold plate; the heat pipe condensation sections on the same side of the central line are uniformly arranged at intervals; fluid passages are formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate. The thin plane of the heat pipe condensation section in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction preferably adopts a parallelogram structure, so that the characteristic that the included angle between the flow channel between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and the central line of the cold plate is inclined is formed, and the flowing resistance of the fluid in the flow channel of the cold plate is reduced. The cooling fluid of the cold plate may be a single phase gas, a single phase coolant, or a two phase fluid. The fluid flows in from the fluid inlets 7a on both sides of the symmetry line in two directions respectively, is branched and converged in the flow channel, and performs flow heat exchange with the wall surface of the condensation section of the heat pipe under the microscale to dissipate the heat of the condensation section of the heat pipe, and the fluid carrying the heat flows out from the fluid outlet 7b after the temperature of the fluid rises; the fluid flow directions of the two sides of the central line of the cold plate are symmetrically opposite, so that the condition that the temperatures of the condensation sections of the heat pipes at different positions in the cold plate are inconsistent is avoided, and the integral temperature equalizing effect of the cold plate is realized.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fluid channel with micro spoilers and micro grooves, the fluid channel 7 in the cold plate is a micro channel, and the micro spoilers 8 and the micro grooves 9 can be arranged at intervals in the fluid channel, or both the micro spoilers and the micro grooves can be arranged at intervals in the fluid channel, so as to destroy a wall surface thermal boundary layer when the fluid and the condensation section of the heat pipe perform convective heat transfer, and disturb the flow, thereby realizing the effect of heat transfer enhancement.

Claims (4)

1. An integrated heat exchange structure based on a battery module is characterized by comprising a cold plate and at least one separated flat heat pipe, wherein the cold plate (6) is arranged below the battery module; the heat pipe evaporation section (2) is tightly attached to two sides of the battery module (1); the heat pipe condensation sections (5) are arranged in the cold plate (6), so that an integrated fluid channel (7) structure is formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate; the fluid channel (7) is a double-flow-direction vein-type flow channel; the vein-type flow channel is formed by symmetrically arranging a plurality of heat pipe condensation sections along the central line of the length direction of the plane of the cold plate; the heat pipe condensation sections on the same side of the central line are uniformly arranged at intervals; fluid passages are formed between the adjacent heat pipe condensation sections and between the heat pipe condensation sections and the side wall surface of the cold plate; the fluid flow directions on the two sides of the central line are opposite; the fluid channel (7) in the cold plate is a micro channel, and one or two of a micro spoiler (8) and a micro groove (9) are arranged in the fluid channel.
2. The integrated heat exchange structure based on the battery module as recited in claim 1, wherein a heat pipe bending section (4) is arranged between the heat pipe evaporation section (2) and the heat pipe condensation section (5) in each separated flat heat pipe, and one end of the heat pipe bending section (4) is connected with the heat pipe evaporation section (2) through a heat pipe connecting piece (3); the other end is fixedly connected with the heat pipe condensation section (5).
3. The integrated heat exchange structure based on the battery module as claimed in claim 2, wherein a heat insulation section is arranged between the heat pipe evaporation section (2) and the heat pipe bending section (4).
4. The integrated heat exchange structure based on the battery module as recited in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the heat pipe condensation section (5) is the same as that of the cold plate, and is in millimeter order, and the thin plane perpendicular to the thickness direction is a parallelogram.
CN201810609014.1A 2018-06-13 2018-06-13 Integrated heat exchange structure based on battery module Active CN108847511B (en)

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CN109301364B (en) * 2018-09-10 2023-11-24 华南理工大学 Efficient thermal management device of cylindrical power battery and working method of efficient thermal management device
CN111312940A (en) * 2018-12-12 2020-06-19 湖南中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司 Device based on battery package thermal design
CN109906025B (en) * 2019-04-24 2024-02-20 常州恒创热管理有限公司 U-shaped temperature equalization plate and radiator
CN110391479A (en) * 2019-08-12 2019-10-29 广东工业大学 A kind of new-energy automobile and its thermal management device of battery
CN110518163B (en) * 2019-08-13 2022-07-19 孚能科技(赣州)股份有限公司 Battery module
CN111564675B (en) * 2020-04-15 2022-08-02 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 Battery thermal management system based on heat pipe and liquid cooling device
CN111540977B (en) * 2020-04-21 2022-04-22 华南理工大学 Liquid cooling type thermal management system for power battery and blowing type aluminum soaking plate
CN113078389B (en) * 2021-03-15 2021-11-16 深圳市朗泰沣电子有限公司 Micro-channel cold plate of power battery and preparation method thereof
CN114614141B (en) * 2022-02-24 2024-03-19 智己汽车科技有限公司 Battery hybrid heat exchange device and battery pack
CN117355116A (en) * 2023-11-17 2024-01-05 广东液冷时代科技有限公司 Multi-section type runner cold plate phase change heat dissipation system of data center and control method thereof

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