CN108840792B - 一种对映异海松烷型二萜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种对映异海松烷型二萜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物化学领域,具体涉及一种对映异海松烷型二萜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
杂草是指生长在对人类活动不利或有害于生产场地的一切植物,它是在长期适应当地作物、栽培、耕作、土壤、气候等生态环境及社会条件中生存下来的。据联合国粮农组织报道,全世界有杂草约5万种,其中8000种为农田杂草,有76种危害较为严重,18种危害极为严重,被称为恶性杂草。杂草的根系一般比较发达,吸取水肥的能力极强,会与农作物争水、争肥。而且杂草的生长速度很快,能够抢先侵占地上和地下的空间,影响作物光合作用,干扰作物的生长发育。杂草由于其抗逆性强,生育期长,所以成为了病菌和害虫的中间寄主。由于杂草在土壤养分,水分,生长空间以及病虫害传播等方面直接或者间接影响作物生长,最终将导致作物的产量和质量下降,造成的损失是不容忽视的。而防除杂草要花费大量的人力,物力和资金,这使得生产成本大大增加。虽然现阶段化学合成的除草剂在植物病害防治中起着不可代替的作用,但是大家对农药毒性和农药对环境的污染问题越来越重视,从天然产物中寻找新的无毒、无污染、可持续利用的植物源除草剂已成为现代农药研究开发的一个热点。
发明内容
针对上述问题和现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种对映异海松烷型二萜,其化学结构式如式(Ⅰ)所示:
另外本发明还提供了式(Ⅰ)化合物的制备方法,包括将湖北大戟(Euphorbiahylonoma)的根晾干粉碎后,先用甲醇提取,再分别用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,最后将乙酸乙酯部分过大孔树脂柱,硅胶柱,反相色谱柱以及半制备的反向高效液相色谱分离得到该化合物。
进一步地,上述式Ⅰ化合物的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将湖北大戟(Euphorbia hylonoma)的根晾干粉碎,并用重蒸的工业甲醇在室温下重复浸泡3次,每次浸泡3-7天,过滤后合并3次滤液,在45-55℃温度下减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到总浸膏;
(2)将总浸膏溶解在蒸馏水中,依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,分别萃取4次,合并萃取液,去除溶剂后得乙酸乙酯部分的浸膏;
(3)将乙酸乙酯部分的浸膏过大孔树脂柱,用乙醇-水体系按体积比为30:70,50:50,80:20,95:5梯度进行洗脱,得到4部分样品A-D,取80:20洗脱部分得第3部分Fr C;
(4)将第3部分Fr C经硅胶柱,通过石油醚-丙酮体系按体积比为10:1,5:1,3:1,2:1梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱分析合并得6段样品,取5:1洗脱部分得第4段样品;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的第4段样品再次经硅胶柱,反相色谱柱和半制备高效液相色谱分离得到此化合物。
进一步地,上述步骤(1)中的工业甲醇浓度为100%。
进一步地,上述步骤(2)中乙酸乙酯的浓度为100%
进一步地,上述步骤(2)中正丁醇的浓度为100%
本发明还提供了一种对映异海松烷型二萜或其药学上可接受的盐在制备除草剂中的应用以及异海松烷型二萜式(Ⅰ)化合物在制备除草剂中作为有效成分的应用。
进一步地,上述除草剂是除早熟禾。
进一步地,上述除草剂是除高羊茅。
本发明的有益效果在于:对映异海松烷型二萜式(Ⅰ)化合物是一种从湖北大戟中提取的具有特定生物活性功能的化学物质,兼有化学和生物学的两重性,既保留了先导化合物低毒、在环境中易分解的特点,又大幅度地提高了生物活性、降低了人工成本。含有本发明中化合物式(Ⅰ)的除草剂对于环境及植物、人、动物等所有生物无不良影响,也不会污染环境。
附图说明
图1:本发明实施例1制备得到的产物的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2:本发明实施例1制备得到的产物的核磁共振碳谱图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分,而不是发明的全部。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为市售。
实施例1本发明化合物式(Ⅰ)的制备方法
实验中所用到的湖北大戟采自甘肃陇南徽县。
将收集到的湖北大戟的根放置在阴凉处晾干,得到干燥的根14kg。将根粉碎,用100L的工业甲醇在室温下进行浸泡,每次7天,共浸泡3次,过滤后合并3次滤液,将得到的滤液在45-55℃下用旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,得到总浸膏2.6kg。将得到的总浸膏用3000mL的蒸馏水溶解,再依次用3000mL的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,分别萃取4次,合并萃取液,用旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂得到乙酸乙酯部分的浸膏为447g,正丁醇部分的浸膏为351g。将乙酸乙酯部分的447g浸膏用乙醇-水体系按体积比为30:70,50:50,80:20,95:5梯度进行洗脱,得到4部分溶液A-D。取80:20洗脱部分得第3部分Fr C,再用旋转蒸发仪去除溶剂,得到第三部分FrC浸膏为76g。将76g第3部分Fr C浸膏经硅胶柱,通过以石油醚-丙酮按10:1,5:1,3:1,2:1梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱分析合并得6段样品,取5:1洗脱部分得第4段样品10g,再通过硅胶柱,反相硅胶柱以及半制备高效液相色谱得到该化合物式(Ⅰ)60mg。
实施例2实施例1制备的产物的结构鉴定
图1和图2分别为实施例1制备的产物的核磁共振氢谱图和碳谱图,下表1为实施例1制备的产物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱数据。
表1实施例1制备的产物的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱
通过核磁共振氢谱和碳谱数据分析,该化合物的1H NMR显示该化合物存在一个乙烯基[δH5.82(dd,J=10.8,18.0Hz),5.08(d,J=18.0Hz),5.20(d,J=10.8Hz)],两个独立的双键质子[δH5.52(d,J=5.6Hz),δH 6.21(s)],一个连氧质子[δH 3.69,s]以及四个单峰甲基[δH0.92,1.09,1.17,1.21]。13C NMR显示有20个碳原子信号,其中6个季碳(包含有1个不饱和酮δC200.7,2个双键碳),6个次甲基碳(1个连氧碳,3个双键碳),4个亚甲基碳(包含1个末端双键碳),4个甲基碳。因此可确定该化合物的结构式如下式(Ⅰ)所示:
实施例3实施例1制备的化合物式(Ⅰ)对几种植物的植物毒活性实验
1.供试植物的培养
本实施例中以早熟禾,高羊茅,莴苣和红三叶草四种植物为实验材料,采用平板培养法。首先将种子在冷水中浸泡3小时,然后用8%的次氯酸浸泡7分钟。然后,将种子用无菌水清洗5-7次后放置在含有湿润的无菌滤纸的培养皿中,在恒定温度为22℃的培养箱中进行萌发,培养的时间分别为:莴苣和红三叶草2-3天,高羊茅5-7天,早熟禾7-10天。
2.测定化合物式(Ⅰ)对四种植物的毒活性
实验在12孔板中进行,草甘膦作为阳性对照药物。将草甘膦和本发明化合物用DMSO溶解,再用无菌蒸馏水配成浓度为200μg/mL的溶液,以相同浓度的DMSO水溶液作为空白对照,并且保证DMSO的浓度不超过1%,取600μL的处理液和对照液加入12孔板中(每个孔放置两层无菌滤纸),选取大小相仿,萌发状态一致的供试植物幼苗放入其中,每个处理组至少设置3组重复,每个孔至少放6个幼苗。然后将12孔板放入到22℃的培养箱中进行培养。培养时间分别为:莴苣和红三叶草2天,高羊茅3天,早熟禾4天。取出幼苗测量根长和叶鞘的长度,并计算抑制率。抑制率的计算公式:抑制率=(对照组数据-处理组数据)/对照组数据*100%
3.实验结果
表2为化合物式(Ⅰ)与草甘膦(阳性对照)对四种植物根和叶鞘的植物毒活性。在浓度为200μg/mL下,本发明化合物对农业生产中常见的杂草早熟禾的根和叶鞘表现出明显的植物抑制活性,其抑制率强于阳性对照草甘膦的抑制率。化合物式(Ⅰ)对高羊茅的叶鞘的抑制作用与阳性对照的抑制作用相当,然而对根的抑制作用要比阳性对照弱。此化合物对红三叶草和莴苣的抑制作用都比较小,但是草甘膦对莴苣的根的抑制率达到了76.8%。
表2化合物式(Ⅰ)与草甘膦对四种植物的植物根和叶鞘的毒活性
综合上述分析,化合物式(Ⅰ)对不同的植物具有较好的选择性。早熟禾是蔬菜田中常见的杂草,所以化合物式(Ⅰ)可以用在蔬菜田中特异性地除早熟禾、高羊茅等杂草,而对莴苣等蔬菜基本无抑制作用。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种对映异海松烷型二萜的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将湖北大戟(Euphorbia hylonoma)的根晾干粉碎,并用重蒸的工业甲醇在室温下重复浸泡3次,每次浸泡3-7天,过滤后合并3次滤液,在45-55℃温度减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到总浸膏;
(2)将总浸膏溶解在蒸馏水中,依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,分别萃取4次,合并萃取液,去除溶剂后得乙酸乙酯部分的浸膏;
(3)将乙酸乙酯部分的浸膏过大孔树脂柱,用乙醇-水体系按体积比为30:70,50:50,80:20,95:5梯度进行洗脱,得到4部分样品A-D,取80:20洗脱部分得第3部分Fr C;
(4)将第3部分Fr C经硅胶柱,通过石油醚-丙酮体系按体积比为10:1,5:1,3:1,2:1梯度洗脱,经薄层色谱分析合并得6段样品,取5:1洗脱部分得第4段样品;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的第4段样品再次经硅胶柱,反相色谱柱和半制备高效液相色谱分离得到此化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种对映异海松烷型二萜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的工业甲醇浓度为100%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种对映异海松烷型二萜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中乙酸乙酯的浓度为100%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种对映异海松烷型二萜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中正丁醇的浓度为100%。
6.权利要求1中所述一种对映异海松烷型二萜或其药学上可接受的盐在制备除早熟禾或者除高羊茅的除草剂中作为有效成分的应用。
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