CN108830849B - Hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method based on image processing technology - Google Patents

Hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method based on image processing technology Download PDF

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CN108830849B
CN108830849B CN201810684625.2A CN201810684625A CN108830849B CN 108830849 B CN108830849 B CN 108830849B CN 201810684625 A CN201810684625 A CN 201810684625A CN 108830849 B CN108830849 B CN 108830849B
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陈大力
张鹏远
刘士新
高圣君
刘芳
李勇
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Northeastern University China
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004Industrial image inspection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/10Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/11Region-based segmentation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/10Segmentation; Edge detection
    • G06T7/187Segmentation; Edge detection involving region growing; involving region merging; involving connected component labelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/60Analysis of geometric attributes
    • G06T7/62Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20004Adaptive image processing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108Industrial image inspection
    • G06T2207/30136Metal

Abstract

The invention discloses an image processing technology-based hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method, which comprises the following steps of: processing the picture by uniform size, graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion, filtering processing, void filling processing and area noise point removing processing in sequence, counting the sum of the areas of all connected domains of the foreground as the foreground area, and classifying the picture into hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy or hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to the ratio of the foreground area to the area of the processed picture; and (4) modifying and grading the original pictures of the hypereutectic/hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy pictures. According to the invention, accurate shape description and accurate pixel-level digital measurement are carried out on the Al-Si alloy metallographic structure such as geometric parameters and distribution of eutectic and primary crystal silicon, and the geometric parameters and the distribution are used as classification and grading standards, so that the grading accuracy and the reliability in a practical application scene can be greatly improved.

Description

Hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method based on image processing technology
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method based on an image processing technology.
Background
As a traditional metal material, the cast aluminum alloy has the characteristics of small density, high specific strength, high thermal conductivity and the like, and is widely applied to the industries of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery and the like, wherein the Al-Si alloy occupies a great proportion by excellent mechanical property and casting property, good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and heat resistance. Coarse polygonal primary crystal silicon and long-needle-shaped eutectic silicon exist in a cast Al-Si alloy structure, an alloy matrix is seriously cracked, the mechanical property is obviously reduced, particularly the plasticity and the wear resistance are reduced, and the cutting processing property of the alloy is also deteriorated. Therefore, the improvement of the size and shape of eutectic silicon and primary silicon is a problem which needs to be solved urgently, and the key measure for solving the problem is deterioration, so the determination of the deterioration grade is the key point of the metallographic detection of the aluminum alloy.
At present, the Al-Si alloy deterioration degree is judged mainly by a fracture inspection method, a metallographic method, a thermal analysis method and a conductivity method. In scientific research and production, a grade 5 metamorphic grade metallographic atlas of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy standard provided by the American Foundry Society (AFS) is generally adopted as a qualitative judgment standard. However, the standard metamorphic grade metallographic profile and the actual metallographic structure of the cast Al-Si alloy are not always similar. Therefore, the qualitative judgment method is subjective and is easy to introduce human errors in metallographic analysis. Meanwhile, the traditional quantitative metallographic method mostly adopts manual calculation, an experimenter removes an object which is not desired to be measured in an image according to experience, the object is observed and measured by naked eyes, and then the result obtained by calculation and measurement has the advantages of simplicity, economy and intuition.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems proposed above, a method for grading the deterioration of an over/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy based on image processing technology is provided.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
an image processing technology-based hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method comprises the following steps:
s1, picture classification:
processing the picture by uniform size, graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion, filtering processing, void filling processing and area noise point removing processing in sequence, counting the sum of the areas of all connected domains of the foreground as the foreground area, quantizing the area by taking the number of foreground pixels of the processed picture as a reference, and classifying the picture into hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy class when the ratio of the foreground area to the area of the processed picture is greater than 0.2; when the ratio of the foreground area to the processed picture area is less than or equal to 0.2, classifying the pictures into hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys;
the foreground and background conversion method comprises the following specific steps:
converting the foreground of the picture after the self-adaptive binarization processing into white;
the concrete steps of filling the cavity are as follows:
removing small black point impurities in the white foreground in the image obtained after the foreground conversion treatment;
s2, picture deterioration grading;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, wherein the modification grading comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out gray processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion and image corrosion processing on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, removing needle-shaped eutectic crystals by adopting the processing of a morphological connected domain, only leaving primary crystal silicon with remarkable sexual characteristics, filling holes, counting the equivalent diameter of each primary crystal silicon, calculating an average value, and carrying out modification grading on the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture by referring to the standard of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to the size of the average value to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture:
removing edge noise by adopting filling hole processing and area noise removing processing after performing graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground-background conversion and filtering processing on the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture in sequence, and counting the area A of a gray silicon blockiAnd weekLong PiA shape factor formula consisting of area and perimeter is obtained:
Figure BDA0001711409070000021
and according to the size of the shape factor S calculated by the shape factor formula and the reference hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard, performing modification grading on the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture.
Considering the uneven and connected situation of noise points, the 'multi-jump denoising' which adopts the filtering processing, the self-adaptive binarization processing, the foreground background conversion and the filtering processing to the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture can obtain good effect.
The pictures comprise hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures which are displayed under a metallographic microscope, and the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures comprise four grades of pictures which are not deteriorated, are not deteriorated enough, are normally deteriorated and are deteriorated;
the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic picture comprises first-level, second-level, third-level, fourth-level and fifth-level metamorphism.
The hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard is based on the industry standard of casting hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy published by Shenyang casting research institute, the average side length of black blocks of primary crystal silicon is calculated, each piece of primary crystal silicon is equivalent into a circular area, the equivalent diameter of each piece of primary crystal silicon is counted, and the average value is calculated;
the hypoeutectic aluminum silicon alloy standard employs the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy standard provided by the American Foundry Society (AFS).
The filtering process adopts a median filtering process.
The self-adaptive binarization processing has the functions of distinguishing foreground and background obviously, facilitating subsequent processing, filling holes and removing noise in area to compensate for poor segmentation effect, and the filtering adopts median filtering to remove noise.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the traditional quantitative metallographic method mostly adopts manual calculation, an experimenter removes objects which are not desired to be measured in an image according to experience, the objects are observed and measured by naked eyes, and then the result obtained by calculation and measurement has the advantages of simplicity, economy and intuition, but the measurement result completely depends on the experience and subjective judgment of a measurer, a large amount of human errors can be generated, the efficiency is extremely low, and the rapid development of scientific research and production cannot be adapted; the essence of the invention is an image processing method, and the accurate shape description and the accurate pixel-level digital measurement are carried out on the Al-Si alloy metallographic structure such as geometric parameters and distribution of eutectic and primary crystal silicon, and the geometric parameters and the distribution are used as classification and grading standards, so that the grading accuracy and the reliability in the practical application scene can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, on the premise of ensuring that the classification precision is not reduced, the judgment parameters are reduced, the labor time is shortened, and the cost of purchasing special image instruments at high cost is saved.
For the above reasons, the present invention can be widely applied to the fields of image processing technology and the like.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for grading the deterioration of an over/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy based on image processing techniques in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process of image processing in image classification according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a classification result of a picture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an image processing process for grading the deterioration of an original image of a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy picture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the result of metamorphic grading of an original of a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy picture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an image processing process for grading the deterioration of an original image of a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy picture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating the result of metamorphic grading of an original of a hypoeutectic aluminum silicon alloy picture according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-7, a method for grading the deterioration of hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys based on image processing technology comprises the following steps:
s1, picture classification:
processing the picture by uniform size, graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion, filtering processing, void filling processing and area noise point removing processing in sequence, counting the sum of the areas of all connected domains of the foreground as the foreground area, quantizing the area by taking the number of foreground pixels of the processed picture as a reference, and classifying the picture into hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy class when the ratio of the foreground area to the area of the processed picture is greater than 0.2; when the ratio of the foreground area to the processed picture area is less than or equal to 0.2, classifying the pictures into hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys;
the foreground and background conversion method comprises the following specific steps:
converting the foreground of the picture after the self-adaptive binarization processing into white;
the concrete steps of filling the cavity are as follows:
removing small black point impurities in the white foreground in the image obtained after the foreground conversion treatment;
s2, picture deterioration grading;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, wherein the modification grading comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out gray processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion and image corrosion processing on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, removing needle-shaped eutectic crystals by adopting the processing of a morphological connected domain, only leaving primary crystal silicon with remarkable sexual characteristics, filling holes, counting the equivalent diameter of each primary crystal silicon, calculating an average value, and carrying out modification grading on the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture by referring to the standard of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to the size of the average value to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture:
removing edge noise by adopting filling hole processing and area noise removing processing after performing graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground-background conversion and filtering processing on the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture in sequence, and counting the area A of a gray silicon blockiAnd the perimeter PiA shape factor formula consisting of area and perimeter is obtained:
Figure BDA0001711409070000051
and according to the size of the shape factor S calculated by the shape factor formula and the reference hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard, performing modification grading on the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture.
The pictures comprise hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures which are displayed under a metallographic microscope, and the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures comprise four grades of pictures which are not deteriorated, are not deteriorated enough, are normally deteriorated and are deteriorated;
the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic picture comprises first-level, second-level, third-level, fourth-level and fifth-level metamorphism.
The hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard is based on the industry standard of casting hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy published by Shenyang casting research institute, the average side length of black blocks of primary crystal silicon is calculated, each piece of primary crystal silicon is equivalent into a circular area, the equivalent diameter of each piece of primary crystal silicon is counted, and the average value is calculated;
the hypoeutectic aluminum silicon alloy standard employs the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy standard provided by the american foundry society.
The filtering process adopts a median filtering process.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. An image processing technology-based hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, picture classification:
processing the picture by uniform size, graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion, filtering processing, void filling processing and area noise point removing processing in sequence, counting the sum of the areas of all connected domains of the foreground as the foreground area, quantizing the area by taking the number of foreground pixels of the processed picture as a reference, and classifying the picture into hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy class when the ratio of the foreground area to the area of the processed picture is greater than 0.2; when the ratio of the foreground area to the processed picture area is less than or equal to 0.2, classifying the pictures into hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloys;
the foreground and background conversion method comprises the following specific steps:
converting the foreground of the picture after the self-adaptive binarization processing into white;
the concrete steps of filling the cavity are as follows:
removing small black point impurities in the white foreground in the image obtained after the foreground conversion treatment;
s2, picture deterioration grading;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, wherein the modification grading comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out gray processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground background conversion and image corrosion processing on an original image of a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture, removing needle-shaped eutectic crystals by adopting the processing of a morphological connected domain, only leaving primary crystal silicon with remarkable sexual characteristics, filling holes, counting the equivalent diameter of each primary crystal silicon, calculating an average value, and carrying out modification grading on the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture by referring to the standard of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to the size of the average value to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out modification grading on an original image of a hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture:
removing edge noise by adopting filling hole processing and area noise removing processing after performing graying processing, filtering processing, self-adaptive binarization processing, foreground-background conversion and filtering processing on the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture in sequence, and counting the area A of a gray silicon blockiAnd the perimeter PiA shape factor formula consisting of area and perimeter is obtained:
Figure FDA0003202900530000011
according to the size of the shape factor S calculated by the shape factor formula and a reference hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard, performing modification grading on an original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture to obtain the modification grade of the original image of the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy picture;
the pictures comprise hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures and hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures which are displayed under a metallographic microscope, and the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic pictures comprise four grades of pictures which are not deteriorated, are not deteriorated enough, are normally deteriorated and are deteriorated;
the hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy metallographic picture comprises first-level, second-level, third-level, fourth-level and fifth-level metamorphism;
the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard is based on the industry standard of casting hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy published by Shenyang casting research institute, the average side length of black blocks of primary crystal silicon is calculated, each piece of primary crystal silicon is equivalent into a circular area, the equivalent diameter of each piece of primary crystal silicon is counted, and the average value is calculated;
the hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy standard adopts a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy standard provided by the American foundry society;
the filtering process adopts a median filtering process.
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