CN101760709A - Method for making rare earth elements uniformly distributed on surface of aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents
Method for making rare earth elements uniformly distributed on surface of aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101760709A CN101760709A CN200910248830A CN200910248830A CN101760709A CN 101760709 A CN101760709 A CN 101760709A CN 200910248830 A CN200910248830 A CN 200910248830A CN 200910248830 A CN200910248830 A CN 200910248830A CN 101760709 A CN101760709 A CN 101760709A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for making rare earth elements uniformly distributed on the surface of an aluminum-silicon alloy, and belongs to the technical field of materials. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting aluminum-silicon alloy cast ingots which comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 12.6 to 25 percent of Si, 0.1 to 2 percent of RE and the balance of Al; cutting cross sections on the aluminum-silicon alloy cast ingots by using a linear cutting method, and grinding and polishing the surfaces of the cross sections; and then cleaning the surfaces with an organic solvent, and removing the organic solvent; and (2) placing the aluminum-silicon alloy cast ingots under the condition of less than or equal to 10<-3>Pa of vacuum degree, and applying high current pulse electron beams to modify the surfaces of the cross sections, wherein the working parameters comprises 23 to 27kV of accelerating voltage and 5 to 25 times of pulse frequency. The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and high energy utilization rate. Tissues quickly fused on the surface of the aluminum-silicon alloy are refined; all the chemical elements are alternatively reallocated; components on the surface are homogenized; and the hardness and toughness can be better matched.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material technology field, particularly a kind of rare earth element that makes is in the equally distributed method in aluminum silicon alloy surface.
Background technology
Silicon is the main alloy element of aluminum silicon alloy, it makes alloy have high flowability and low shrinking percentage, thereby alloy has excellent castability, aluminum silicon alloy is applicable to has application prospects by parts such as making cylinder head, piston, transmission case, transmission mechanism, vapor pipe.The aluminium-silicon alloy piston material of present domestic use is mainly the cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy, eutectic and a spot of plate-like primary silicon that its alloy structure is made up of thick needle-like Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and aluminium base sosoloid are formed, because the existence of thick needle-like Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in the tissue, the mechanical property of alloy is not high, tensile strength is no more than 140MPa, unit elongation δ is less than 3%, restriction to a certain degree the range of application of cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy.In addition, along with automobile product develops to high-speed, less energy-consumption direction, the cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy more and more is difficult to reach the use properties requirement, adopts more rational piston material imperative.The transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy silicon content is up to 17%～26%, and characteristics such as alloy has that density is little, specific tenacity is high, wear-and corrosion-resistant and high-temperature behavior are good are widely used in automobile, electronics and space industry.And along with the lifting of silicone content in the alloy, the thermal expansivity of alloy is littler, and performances such as the wear resistance of alloy, solidity to corrosion and hot strength are excellent more.But, this class alloy enbrittles greatly, shortcomings such as machinability difference, mainly be owing to have a large amount of plate-like primary silicons and the microstructure of needle-like Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy tissue, wherein primary silicon is main hard phase, though can improve the wear resistance of alloy, also the increase because of silicon phase particle size causes the strength degradation of material and fragility to increase.In a word, cocrystallizing type and the weave construction of hypereutectic type aluminum silicon alloy own all exist defective, so that limit two kinds of aluminum silicon alloy materials in industrial range of application.
In order both to keep the intrinsic advantage of aluminum silicon alloy, mechanical property is greatly improved, the worker of countries in the world research is in recent decades also implemented a lot of methods and is solved aluminum silicon alloy structure refinement problem.The rotten processing of alloy is refinement aluminum silicon alloy tissue and the effective means that improves performance, have simple and easy to do, advantage such as technology is simple.Add the existing scholar of rare earth element nd and study in aluminum silicon alloy, the result points out that the adding of Nd can refinement bodkin shape Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and plate-like primary silicon, and thinning effect is obvious.Gao Bo etc. have carried out early-stage Study to the Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and the variation of primary silicon tissue that add Nd, the adding of finding Nd can refinement silicon phase, but enrichment appears in rare earth element nd, and being added in of high-content Nd (＞1%) presents the bodkin shape in the alloy structure after the casting and distributes, this phenomenon not only can limit the expection modification effect of rare earth element nd to alloy, and the Nd elements segregation also can impact alloy property.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of rare earth element that makes in the equally distributed method in aluminum silicon alloy surface, purpose is the surface by electron beam heat treated aluminum silicon alloy, make rare earth element be tending towards uniform distribution, have excellent more performance through the aluminum silicon alloy surface of electron beam heat treated thereby make on the aluminum silicon alloy surface.
Method of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
1, surface preparation:
The composition of choosing the aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting is Si 12.6～25% by weight percentage, and RE 0.1～2%, and surplus is Al; Adopt the line cutting mode on the aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting, to cut out section, the section surface of aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting is ground and polished finish; With organic solvent that aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting surface cleaning is clean then, remove the organic solvent on aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting surface again.
2, the electron beam modification is handled:
Aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting after the surface preparation is placed vacuum tightness≤10
-3Under the condition of Pa, apply high-current pulsed electron beam section is carried out surface modification treatment, the working parameter of high-current pulsed electron beam is: acceleration voltage is 23～27kV, and pulse number is 5～25 times.
In the aforesaid method, described organic solvent is ethanol or acetone.
Heating by high-current pulsed electron beam, control acceleration voltage and pulse number simultaneously, make aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting surface through melting fast and solidifying, the tissue on ingot casting surface obtains refinement, alternate each chemical element is redistributed, surface composition is tending towards homogenizing, and especially rare earth composition distributes more even; Because heat treated is in vacuum tightness≤10
-3Under the condition of Pa, therefore the oxidized phenomenon of alloy surface can not appear.Method technology of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, the capacity usage ratio height, and the tissue behind the rapidly solidification of aluminum silicon alloy surface obtains refinement, and alternate each chemical element redistributes, and surface composition is tending towards homogenizing, can reach hardness and flexible better cooperates.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the surface of the aluminum silicon alloy before electron beam heat treated SEM figure in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the EPMA figure on the aluminum silicon alloy surface after the electron beam heat treated in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 3 is the regional distribution chart of Al, Si and Nd element in the aluminum silicon alloy after the electron beam heat treated in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the line sweep figure of Al, Si and Nd element in the aluminum silicon alloy after the electron beam heat treated in the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 5 is the SEM figure on the aluminum silicon alloy surface after the electron beam heat treated in the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 6 is the SEM figure on the aluminum silicon alloy surface after the electron beam heat treated in the embodiment of the invention 4, and a is low resolution SEM figure among the figure, and b is high resolution SEM figure.
Embodiment
The high-current pulsed electron beam equipment that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is Nadezhda-2 type high-current pulsed electron beam equipment, beam spot diameter, 50mm, and pulsewidth is 1 μ s, recurrent interval 10s.
The process for surface preparation that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is: after the ingot casting line after melting is finished cuts out section, section is ground with 300#, 800#, 1000# and 1200# sand paper on shredder successively, be ground to section surface no marking; With the man-made diamond rubbing paste of granularity 1.0 μ m polishing alloy section surface, and alloy surface is cleaned up with organic solvent ethanol or acetone, treat the organic solvent volatilization of alloy surface or dry after finish pre-treatment.
The shredder that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is a M-2 metallographic specimen shredder, mill diameter 230mm, 450/550 rev/min of revolution.
Energy density when high-current pulsed electron beam is worked in the embodiment of the invention is 2～3J/cm
2
Embodiment 1
The aluminum silicon alloy composition that adopts is Al-12.6Si-1Nd.
Adopt the line cutting mode to cut out section above-mentioned aluminum silicon alloy, the section surface of aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting is ground and polished finish; With organic solvent that the ingot casting surface cleaning is clean then, remove the organic solvent on ingot casting surface again.
Aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting after the surface preparation is placed Nadezhda-2 type high-current pulsed electron beam equipment, in vacuum tightness≤10
-3Under the condition of Pa, apply high-current pulsed electron beam section is carried out surface modification treatment, the working parameter of high-current pulsed electron beam is: acceleration voltage is 23kV, pulse number is 15 times, treatment time is 15 μ s, finish specific heating and cooling process, heating rate 10 in the inherent alloy surface modifying layer of extremely short time
7～10
8K/s, solidification rate reaches 10
8～10
9K/s.
In the aforesaid method, described organic solvent is an ethanol.
Observe electron beam treatment front and back alloy surface pattern, microtexture and surface composition by SEM and two kinds of detection meanss of EPMA and change, respectively as Fig. 1, shown in 2.As can be seen from the figure, before the electron beam treatment, the cocrystallizing type aluminum silicon alloy tissue that adds 1%Nd is except the eutectic and a spot of plate-like primary silicon of needle-like Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys and aluminium base sosoloid composition, rare earth element nd is the bodkin shape and is distributed in the alloy structure, and be distributed in mostly around the primary silicon, the Nd element segregation is serious.
Al in the aluminum silicon alloy after the electron beam heat treated, the areal distribution of Si and Nd element as shown in Figure 3, after electron beam treatment, alloy surface is through after the heating and cooling process fast, microstructure obtains refinement, each chemical element of alloy surface is redistributed, can obviously find out each element (Al from Fig. 3, Si and Nd) distribution situation, it is to be noted that especially rare earth element nd spreads in aluminum substrate, and the needle-like rare earth element nd presents " cloud " shape and is distributed in the alloy structure after electron beam treatment, solved the problem of rare earth element nd enrichment, cause whole alloy surface composition to be tending towards homogenizing, the wear resistance of alloy surface is compared with former state and is greatly enhanced.
Al, the Si on the aluminum silicon alloy surface after the electron beam heat treated and the line sweep of Nd element are as shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 has shown each the elemental line scan result after the diffusion, continuous distribution appears in the Nd element that particularly points out in " cloud " shape tissue, proved further that rare earth element nd distributes after the electron beam treatment to be bordering on the result of homogenizing.
The aluminum silicon alloy that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The process for surface preparation that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The electron beam heating treatment method that adopts is with embodiment 1, and difference is: pulse number is 25 times, and the treatment time is 25 μ s.The wear resistance of aluminum silicon alloy section after treatment improves 2～3 times.With pulse number among the embodiment 1 is to compare for 15 times, and the rare earth element nd of handling aluminum silicon alloy surface, back distributes more even.
Embodiment 3
Adopting the aluminum silicon alloy composition is Al-17.5Si-0.3Nd.
The process for surface preparation that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The electron beam heating treatment method that adopts is with embodiment 1.
By alloy surface pattern after the SEM detection means observation electron beam treatment, microtexture and surface composition result of variations are as shown in Figure 5, as can be seen from the figure, the rare earth element nd that presents spot distribution (cause that the Nd add-on reduces) on the untreated samples surface still presents " cloud " shape because of diffusion and distributes behind the beam bombardment alloy surface, solved Nd element segregation problem in the casting alloy tissue.In addition, the modification of electron beam is handled and to be made the alloy surface structure refinement, and chemical element is redistributed, more than these all help the realization of alloy surface homogenization of composition.Therefore, this processing method has very big application potential quality at aspects such as improving alloy surface weave construction and element distribution.
Wear test result before and after the electron beam heat treated is shown in table l.
Table 1
Embodiment 4
Adopt the aluminum silicon alloy composition with embodiment 3.
The process for surface preparation that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The electron beam heating treatment method that adopts is with embodiment 1, and difference is: acceleration voltage is 27kV, and pulse number is 10 times, and the treatment time is 10 μ s.
The SEM figure on the aluminum silicon alloy surface after the processing as shown in Figure 6, under high acceleration voltage, each element diffusing phenomenon of alloy surface is more obvious, a small amount of rare earth element nd almost completely dissolves in (shown in arrow among the figure) in the aluminum substrate in the rapidly solidification process of moment, cause the alloy surface composition profiles more even, wear resistance obviously improves.
Embodiment 5
Adopt the aluminum silicon alloy composition with embodiment 3.
The process for surface preparation that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The electron beam heating treatment method that adopts is with embodiment 1, and difference is: acceleration voltage is 27kV, and pulse number is 25 times, and the treatment time is 25 μ s.Compare for 10 times with the pulse of embodiment 3, " cloud " shape pattern of the rare earth element nd of alloy surface is more obvious, and this is that rare earth element nd is further to the result of aluminum substrate diffusion under the high-energy, and the alloy surface wear resistance improves about 3 times.
Embodiment 6
Adopt aluminum silicon alloy composition Al-25Si-2Nd.
The process for surface preparation that adopts is with embodiment 1.
The electron beam heating treatment method adopts the method for embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 to carry out four groups of experiments respectively, the tissue on aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting section surface obtains refinement, alternate each chemical element is redistributed, surface composition is tending towards homogenizing, and particularly rare earth composition distributes more even.
Claims (2)
1. one kind makes rare earth element in the equally distributed method in aluminum silicon alloy surface, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: the composition that (1) chooses the aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting is Si 12.6～25% by weight percentage, and RE 0.1～2%, and surplus is Al; Adopt the line cutting mode on the aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting, to cut out section, the section surface of aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting is ground and polished finish; With organic solvent that aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting surface cleaning is clean then, remove the organic solvent on aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting surface again; (2) the aluminum silicon alloy ingot casting after the surface preparation is placed vacuum tightness≤10
-3Under the condition of Pa, apply high-current pulsed electron beam section is carried out surface modification treatment, the working parameter of high-current pulsed electron beam is: acceleration voltage is 23～27kV, and pulse number is 5～25 times.
2. a kind of rare earth element that makes according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the equally distributed method in aluminum silicon alloy surface described organic solvent is ethanol or acetone.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104894416A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 东北大学 | Method for improving surface cracks of aluminum-silicon alloy by using rare-earth element |
| CN106756291A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of use rare earth element eliminates the method that hole is melted on high-silicon aluminium-silicon alloy surface |
| CN108830849A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of rotten stage division of mistake/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy based on image processing techniques |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038262C (en) * | 1993-07-03 | 1998-05-06 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Surface-treatment method for material by use of impulse high energy-density plasma |
| CN1948549A (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2007-04-18 | 大连理工大学 | Capping technology for electron beam physical gaseous phase deposition coating using strong flow pulse ionic beam |
-
2009
- 2009-12-28 CN CN2009102488305A patent/CN101760709B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104894416A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-09 | 东北大学 | Method for improving surface cracks of aluminum-silicon alloy by using rare-earth element |
| CN106756291A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-05-31 | 东北大学 | A kind of use rare earth element eliminates the method that hole is melted on high-silicon aluminium-silicon alloy surface |
| CN108830849A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of rotten stage division of mistake/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy based on image processing techniques |
| CN108830849B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2021-11-16 | 东北大学 | Hypereutectic/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy modification grading method based on image processing technology |
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