CN104880486A - Nondestructive testing method and device for crack of metal part - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing method and device for crack of metal part Download PDFInfo
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- CN104880486A CN104880486A CN201510304763.XA CN201510304763A CN104880486A CN 104880486 A CN104880486 A CN 104880486A CN 201510304763 A CN201510304763 A CN 201510304763A CN 104880486 A CN104880486 A CN 104880486A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a nondestructive testing method and a nondestructive testing device for a crack of a metal part. The nondestructive testing method for the crack of the metal part comprises the following steps of (1), connecting the two ends of a to-be-tested part with a direct-current power supply, and enabling an infrared lens of an infrared thermal imager to face the to-be-tested part; (2), selecting the time and the size that the to-be-tested part is subjected to the direct-current power according to the dimension and the material property of the to-be-tested part and a position where the crack damage exists, and electrifying the to-be-tested part; (3), after the electrification of the to-be-tested part is completed, observing and imaging the electrified to-be-tested part through the infrared thermal imager, showing that the crack does not exist in the to-be-tested part if an imaged image is in a same color, and showing that the crack exists in the to-be-tested part if the imaged image is in different colors. As a circumferential motion effect and a Joule heating effect are adopted for the nondestructive testing method and the nondestructive testing device for the crack of the metal part, higher temperature rises can be automatically generated at the position of a crack tip by both the circumferential motion effect and the Joule heating effect, and the position of the crack damage of the part is easily and accurately determined. In view of reasons above, the nondestructive testing method and the nondestructive testing device for the crack of the metal part can be widely used for the field of the nondestructive testing of metal cracks.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of crack nondestructive detection method and device, particularly about a kind of metallic element surface and shallow-layer crack nondestructive detection method and device.
Background technology
The common form that Metal Crack lost efficacy as parts, can make parts intensity and reliability decline rapidly.In order to the safe operation of support equipment, need judge the degree of impairment of parts and adopt corresponding reclamation activities in time.In addition, for the damage parts repaired, reasonably mechanism is also needed to pass judgment on repairing effect.Crack nondestructive detection method is with a wide range of applications because of its non-destructive and reliability in aircraft industry, space industry, war industry and civilian industry.
The crack nondestructive detection method applied at present mainly contains Magnetic testing, Liquid penetrant testing, EDDY CURRENT, ray detection and ultrasound examination etc.For crack nondestructive detection method in the past, disturbing factor is more, processing procedure is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, and technical requirement, judgment criteria are comparatively complicated and be easily subject to the restriction of parts material category.Higher testing cost can be produced for some detection technique even can affect to the safety of testing staff.
As shown in Figure 1, when electric current is when flowing through Crack Damage parts, assembles at crack tip place because of the crack surface that cannot pass through wherein and forming the higher current field of current density value, namely producing at crack tip place and stream effect.Simultaneously due to the effect of Joule heat, for other position of parts, create more heat at crack tip place and cause higher temperature rise.If suitable method can be adopted in this case to characterize the difference phenomenon of temperature rise, the degree of impairment of parts can be judged.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of metallic element surface and shallow-layer crack nondestructive detection method and device, it utilizes electric current to stream effect and realizes uneven temperature rise at Crack Damage position and utilize infrared thermography to catch temperature rise difference phenomenon, judges whether to there is Crack Damage whereby.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive detection method, it comprises the following steps: 1) parts two ends to be detected are connected upper direct supply, and the infrared lens of infrared thermography is facing to parts to be detected; 2) galvanic time and size suffered by parts to be detected are selected, the electricity that works of going forward side by side in the position existed according to element size to be detected, material properties and Crack Damage; 3) after parts to be detected have been energized, observe imaging by infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
Described step 2) in, element size to be detected is cross-sectional area S; The specific heat that material properties comprises resistivity that γ is parts to be detected, C is parts to be detected and ρ are the density of parts to be detected; The position that Crack Damage exists comprises surface and shallow-layer crackle, and shallow-layer is in the 4mm depth range of distance metallic element surface; The relation of parts matrix to be detected temperature rise and suffered size of current and time is as follows:
wherein, Δ T is temperature rise; The current value of I suffered by parts to be detected; γ is the resistivity of parts to be detected; The time of t electric current suffered by parts to be detected; C is the specific heat of parts to be detected; ρ is the density of parts to be detected; S is the cross-sectional area of parts to be detected, and S < 400mm
2.
A kind of metallic element crack nondestructive pick-up unit, is characterized in that: it comprises direct current output circuit and the infrared thermography of controllable time; The direct current that the direct current output circuit of described controllable time provides current value variable for parts to be detected; The infrared lens of described infrared thermography, facing to parts to be detected, forms graphic images for the difference phenomenon obtaining temperature rise in parts to be detected; After parts to be detected have been energized, observe imaging by described infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
The direct current output circuit of described controllable time comprises making button, contactor, the time relay and direct current output unit; Described making button is for controlling the opening and closing of the direct current output circuit of described controllable time; Described contactor is for controlling the direct current output circuit break-make of described controllable time, and it comprises contactor coil, the first contactor moving together contact and the second contactor moving together contact; The described time relay disconnects for the direct current output circuit time delay controlling described controllable time, and it comprises time relay coil and time relay break contact; Described direct current output unit provides sizable direct current for parts to be detected, and direct current can make parts to be detected obtain temperature rise; The direct current output circuit of described controllable time comprises two parallel branches connecting power supply: first route two parallel circuit in series form, one of them parallel circuit is described making button is a road, described first contactor moving together contact and the series connection of described time relay break contact are a road, form a parallel circuit; Another parallel circuit is in parallel between described contactor coil and described time relay coil; Second branch road is described second contactor moving together contact; The output terminal of two branch roads connects one end input end of described direct current output unit jointly, and the other end input end connecting described direct current output unit connects power supply; Two output terminals of described direct current output unit are electrically connected the two ends of parts to be detected; The infrared lens parts to be detected of described infrared thermography; After setting time delay trip time of described time relay break contact; Press described making button, electric current is had to pass through in described contactor coil and described time relay coil, described first contactor moving together contact and described second contactor moving together contact close, the direct current output circuit of described controllable time forms loop, and described direct current output unit is started working; Meanwhile, because described time relay coil is also energized, described time relay break contact is therefore made to start to start; After described time relay break contact reaches the delay cut-off time, described time relay break contact disconnects; After described time relay break contact disconnects, no longer include electric current in described contactor coil to pass through, described first contactor moving together contact and described second contactor moving together contact disconnect, now circuit does not reconstruct loop, described direct current output unit quits work, thus the time delay forming described time relay break contact is the working time of described direct current output unit trip time; Observe imaging by infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
One first fuse is set between power supply and described making button, one second fuse is set between the other end and described direct current output unit of power supply, the short-circuit protection function adding the direct current output circuit forming described controllable time of the two.
Between described second fuse and described direct current output unit, connect a dynamic circuit breaker button, and it is normally closed, for the protection of the direct current output circuit of described controllable time and the safety of operating personnel.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to just carrying out energising in limited time for parts to be detected, and the temperature rise change of image is become by infrared thermography observation station, namely temperature rise does not have crackle uniformly, and what temperature rise was uneven has crackle.Therefore, can not produce harmful effect to parts body performance or introduce unclean impurity in whole process, easy to operation, the required processing time be of short duration and simple; Judgment criteria only needs to observe thermal imaging result and whether shows uniform temperature field, and namely test result is easy to analyze.2, the present invention is owing to just adopting the metallic element that can conduct electricity, and not to requiring that Crack Damage degree and position, material, size limit, and test environment requires smaller, and therefore disturbing factor is less, and adaptability is extensive.3, the present invention streams effect and joule heating effect owing to utilizing, and therefore the two is all automatically splitting the higher temperature rise of sharp position generation, to be easy to determine parts Crack Damage position exactly.In view of above reason, the present invention can be widely used in the field of non destructive testing of Metal Crack.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 streams effect principle schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 3 is Test explanation key diagram of the present invention
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 2, apparatus of the present invention comprise direct current output circuit 1 and the infrared thermography 2 of controllable time.
The direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time comprises making button 11, contactor 12, the time relay 13 and direct current output unit 14.
Making button 11 is for controlling the unlatching of the direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time.
Contactor 12 is for controlling direct current output circuit 1 break-make of controllable time, and it comprises contactor coil 121, first contactor moving together contact 122 and the second contactor moving together contact 123.
The time relay 13 disconnects for direct current output circuit 1 time delay controlling controllable time, and it comprises time relay coil 131 and time relay break contact 132.
Direct current output unit 14 provides sizable direct current for parts 3 to be detected, and direct current can make parts 3 to be detected obtain certain temperature rise.Above-mentioned direct current output unit 14 adopts the DC suppling device of adjustable electric flow valuve, therefore does not limit at this.
The direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time comprises two parallel branches connecting power supply:
First route two parallel circuit in series form, and one of them parallel circuit is making button 11 is a road, and the first contactor moving together contact 122 and time relay break contact 132 series connection are a road, form a parallel circuit; Another parallel circuit is in parallel between contactor coil 121 and time relay coil 131;
Second branch road is the second contactor moving together contact 123; The output terminal of two branch roads connects one end input end of direct current output unit 14 jointly, and the other end input end connecting direct current output unit 14 connects power supply; Two output terminals of direct current output unit 14 are electrically connected the two ends of parts 3 to be detected.
The infrared lens of infrared thermography 2 is facing to parts 3 to be detected.
In above-described embodiment; one first fuse 4 is set between power supply and making button 11; one second fuse 5 is set between the other end and direct current output unit 14 of power supply, the short-circuit protection function adding the direct current output circuit 1 playing controllable time of the two.
In above-described embodiment; a dynamic circuit breaker button 6 is connected between the second fuse 5 and direct current output unit 14; and it is normally closed; for safety protection function; if there is fortuitous event to occur in operating process, can manually press dynamic circuit breaker button 6 by operating personnel, disconnect the direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time; be equivalent to the function of " scram button ", the protection direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time and the safety of operating personnel.
Infrared thermography 2 forms graphic images by the difference phenomenon catching temperature rise in parts 3 to be detected, according to this image, staff judges whether parts 3 to be detected have crackle.
Adopt the lossless detection method of apparatus of the present invention as follows:
1) parts 3 to be detected are cleaned according to the cleaning method of this area routine: be immersed in acetone soln by parts 3 to be detected, at 30-40 DEG C of temperature, with supersonic wave cleaning machine cleaning 20-25 minute, be separated the greasy dirt in parts whereby and remove parts 3 surface smut to be detected; After having cleaned, dry up the acetone soln of parts 3 remained on surface to be detected;
2) two ends of parts 3 to be detected correspondence is connected two output terminals of direct current output unit 14; And open infrared thermography 2, by the infrared lens of infrared thermography 2 facing to parts 3 to be detected;
3) according to time delay t trip time causing maximum duration setup times relay break contact 132 needed for temperature rise difference phenomenon when existence surface and shallow-layer crackle on the surface of parts 3 to be detected
1=5s.
Wherein, parts 3 matrix temperature rise to be detected and the relation of suffered size of current and time as follows:
wherein Δ T is temperature rise, usually gets 50 DEG C; The current value of I suffered by parts 3 to be detected, i.e. the output current value of direct current output unit 14; γ is the resistivity of parts 3 to be detected; The time of t electric current suffered by parts 3 to be detected, the i.e. working time (the time delay trip time of time relay break contact 132) of direct current output unit 14; C is the specific heat of parts 3 to be detected; ρ is the density of parts 3 to be detected; S is the cross-sectional area of parts 3 to be detected, and S < 400mm
2.
4) the output current value I of direct current output unit 14 is adjusted
1:
5) making button 11 is pressed, electric current is had to pass through in contactor coil 121 and time relay coil 131, first contactor moving together contact 122 and the second contactor moving together contact 123 close, and the direct current output circuit 1 of controllable time forms loop, and direct current output unit 14 is started working; Meanwhile, because time relay coil 131 is also energized, time relay break contact 132 is therefore made to start to start;
After time relay break contact 132 reaches the delay cut-off time, time relay break contact 132 disconnects; After time relay break contact 132 disconnects, no longer include electric current in contactor coil 121 to pass through, first contactor moving together contact 122 and the second contactor moving together contact 123 disconnect, now circuit does not reconstruct loop, direct current output unit 14 quits work, thus the time delay of formation time relay break contact 132 is the working time of direct current output unit 14 trip time.
The temperature rise situation of parts 3 to be detected is observed by infrared thermography 2, if parts 3 to be detected demonstrate the change of uneven color distortion in infrared thermography 2, illustrate that the crackle form existed in parts 3 to be detected is surface crack, shallow-layer crackle, because electric current cannot pass crack surface, at crack tip, effect is streamed at place, under the effect of joule heating effect, create more heat at crack tip place and define higher temperature rise, therefore infrared thermography 2 can capture the change of divergence in the temperature rise of Crack Damage position immediately, test effect as shown in Figure 3, now can finish test procedure.
If parts 3 to be detected demonstrate uniform temperature variation in infrared thermography 2, i.e. same color, then terminate in this pacing examination and enter step 6 after being cooled by parts 3 to be detected), whether continuing to detect parts 3 to be detected, there is crackle in inside, if crackle produces at parts 3 to be detected inner, due to heat trnasfer after certain hour, the phenomenon of heat inequality can be delivered to component surface, thus cause the difference of surface temperature rise, and then whether be there is crackle;
6) time delay trip time of regulation time relay break contact 132 is t
2=4t
1=20s;
7) the output current value I of direct current output unit 14 is adjusted
2for: I
2=I
1/ 2;
8) press making button 11, observed the temperature rise situation of parts 3 to be detected by infrared thermography 2, if observe parts 3 to be detected at infrared thermography 2 to show uneven temperature rise, can judge that parts 3 to be detected exist underbead crack damage; If parts 3 to be detected show uniform temperature variation in infrared thermography 2, judge that parts 3 inside to be detected does not exist other Crack Damage of grade.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustration of the present invention; wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode and manufacture craft etc. all can change to some extent; every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a metallic element crack nondestructive detection method, it comprises the following steps:
1) parts two ends to be detected are connected upper direct supply, the infrared lens of infrared thermography is facing to parts to be detected;
2) galvanic time and size suffered by parts to be detected are selected, the electricity that works of going forward side by side in the position existed according to element size to be detected, material properties and Crack Damage;
3) after parts to be detected have been energized, observe imaging by infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
2. a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive detection method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 2) in, element size to be detected is cross-sectional area S; The specific heat that material properties comprises resistivity that γ is parts to be detected, C is parts to be detected and ρ are the density of parts to be detected; The position that Crack Damage exists comprises surface and shallow-layer crackle, and shallow-layer is in the 4mm depth range of distance metallic element surface;
The relation of parts matrix to be detected temperature rise and suffered size of current and time is as follows:
wherein, Δ T is temperature rise; The current value of I suffered by parts to be detected; γ is the resistivity of parts to be detected; The time of t electric current suffered by parts to be detected; C is the specific heat of parts to be detected; ρ is the density of parts to be detected; S is the cross-sectional area of parts to be detected, and S < 400mm
2.
3. the device of a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive detection method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: it comprises direct current output circuit and the infrared thermography of controllable time; The direct current that the direct current output circuit of described controllable time provides current value variable for parts to be detected; The infrared lens of described infrared thermography, facing to parts to be detected, forms graphic images for the difference phenomenon obtaining temperature rise in parts to be detected; After parts to be detected have been energized, observe imaging by described infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
4. a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive pick-up unit as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the direct current output circuit of described controllable time comprises making button, contactor, the time relay and direct current output unit;
Described making button is for controlling the opening and closing of the direct current output circuit of described controllable time;
Described contactor is for controlling the direct current output circuit break-make of described controllable time, and it comprises contactor coil, the first contactor moving together contact and the second contactor moving together contact;
The described time relay disconnects for the direct current output circuit time delay controlling described controllable time, and it comprises time relay coil and time relay break contact;
Described direct current output unit provides sizable direct current for parts to be detected, and direct current can make parts to be detected obtain temperature rise;
The direct current output circuit of described controllable time comprises two parallel branches connecting power supply:
First route two parallel circuit in series form, and one of them parallel circuit is described making button is a road, and described first contactor moving together contact and the series connection of described time relay break contact are a road, form a parallel circuit; Another parallel circuit is in parallel between described contactor coil and described time relay coil;
Second branch road is described second contactor moving together contact; The output terminal of two branch roads connects one end input end of described direct current output unit jointly, and the other end input end connecting described direct current output unit connects power supply; Two output terminals of described direct current output unit are electrically connected the two ends of parts to be detected;
The infrared lens parts to be detected of described infrared thermography;
After setting time delay trip time of described time relay break contact; Press described making button, electric current is had to pass through in described contactor coil and described time relay coil, described first contactor moving together contact and described second contactor moving together contact close, the direct current output circuit of described controllable time forms loop, and described direct current output unit is started working; Meanwhile, because described time relay coil is also energized, described time relay break contact is therefore made to start to start;
After described time relay break contact reaches the delay cut-off time, described time relay break contact disconnects; After described time relay break contact disconnects, no longer include electric current in described contactor coil to pass through, described first contactor moving together contact and described second contactor moving together contact disconnect, now circuit does not reconstruct loop, described direct current output unit quits work, thus the time delay forming described time relay break contact is the working time of described direct current output unit trip time;
Observe imaging by infrared thermography, if become image to be that same color illustrates that parts to be detected do not exist crackle; If become image to be that different colours illustrates that parts to be detected exist crackle.
5. a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive pick-up unit as claimed in claim 4; it is characterized in that: one first fuse is set between power supply and described making button; one second fuse is set between the other end and described direct current output unit of power supply, the short-circuit protection function adding the direct current output circuit forming described controllable time of the two.
6. a kind of metallic element crack nondestructive pick-up unit as claimed in claim 5; it is characterized in that: between described second fuse and described direct current output unit, connect a dynamic circuit breaker button; and it is normally closed, for the protection of the direct current output circuit of described controllable time and the safety of operating personnel.
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| CN108830849A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-16 | 东北大学 | A kind of rotten stage division of mistake/hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy based on image processing techniques |
| CN109709147A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-05-03 | 厦门城市职业学院（厦门市广播电视大学） | A kind of detection method of coil damage |
| CN109884126A (en) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-06-14 | 西安科技大学 | Crack propagation measuring system and method and its method of inspection and device |
| CN114102325A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-01 | 徐州博诺威机械设备有限公司 | Grinding detects integrative processing device after steel casting weld repair |
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| CN114102325A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-01 | 徐州博诺威机械设备有限公司 | Grinding detects integrative processing device after steel casting weld repair |
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| CN104880486B (en) | 2018-01-30 |
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