CN108824501B - Visual test device and method for simulating displacement of soil body in underwater open caisson construction - Google Patents
Visual test device and method for simulating displacement of soil body in underwater open caisson construction Download PDFInfo
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- CN108824501B CN108824501B CN201810667497.0A CN201810667497A CN108824501B CN 108824501 B CN108824501 B CN 108824501B CN 201810667497 A CN201810667497 A CN 201810667497A CN 108824501 B CN108824501 B CN 108824501B
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- 229940094933 n-dodecane Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC IIYFAKIEWZDVMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a visual test device and a visual test method for simulating soil displacement in underwater open caisson construction, wherein the device comprises a seepage force applying system, a working condition simulating system, a data collecting system and a simulating excavation device; the invention integrates the transparent material technology and the digital image processing technology and applies the technology to the indoor simulation of the underwater open caisson construction, thereby realizing the visual observation of the soil displacement field and the seepage field in the underwater open caisson construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering tests, and particularly relates to a visual test device and a visual test method for simulating displacement of a soil body in underwater open caisson construction.
Background
With the gradual deepening of reform and open work, the brisk development of the national infrastructure provides brand-new standards for geotechnical engineers. The open caisson is a construction method for removing soil and stones in the well by manual or mechanical methods, sinking a shaft into the ground to a designed elevation through self weight and various sinking-assisting measures, and completing the construction of an underground building or a structure formed by winding and building concrete and sealing the bottom after the shaft is fixed in the ground.
For decades, the completion of a large number of large-span bridges in China promotes the progress of the research and construction experience of open caisson foundations. At present, the open caisson foundation is taken as an important form of a deep foundation and is widely and successfully applied to a large number of ports, bridges, mines, hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and large-scale underground building foundations. The increasing number and size of open caisson undoubtedly put the comprehensive problem of open caisson construction technology in front of civil engineers. The key technology of open caisson construction is to ensure stable sinking, wherein the accurate control of the change process of the soil body displacement field in the sinking process is the main control factor of open caisson sinking, and the exploration of the distribution form of the soil body displacement field is the important content of open caisson design. However, the requirements of open caisson construction mostly come from engineering practice, and research on the open caisson construction is not deep enough, so that scientific researchers need to put more effort to clearly explain the action mechanism of the open caisson construction so as to better guide the engineering practice. The indoor model test is a very good method.
However, at present, no test equipment for simulating underwater open caisson construction and visualizing the whole process is available.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a visual test device and method for simulating soil displacement in underwater open caisson construction, which solve the difficult problem that a soil displacement field and a seepage field in underwater open caisson construction are invisible, and realize visual observation for simulating the soil displacement field and the seepage field in underwater open caisson construction.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is that a visual test device for simulating the displacement of the underwater open caisson construction land is adopted, and the visual test device comprises a seepage force applying system, a working condition simulating system, a data collecting system and a simulation excavating device;
the seepage force applying system comprises a supporting rod which is vertically arranged, a water supply tank which can slide up and down along the supporting rod and is used for containing penetrating fluid, and a driving device which is used for driving the water supply tank to move up and down;
the working condition simulation system comprises a transparent model box, transparent soil is filled in the model box, and a cylindrical simulation open caisson is vertically inserted in the transparent soil; a plurality of engineering piles are inserted into the transparent soil around the simulated open caisson, and a carrying plate and a counterweight are jacked on the engineering piles;
the water supply tank is connected with the model tank through a water supply pipe.
As an improvement, the driving device comprises a handle arranged at the top of the supporting rod; a top plate is supported at the upper end of the supporting rod, and a screw hole is formed in the top plate; the handle is provided with a thread matched with the screw hole; the handle is connected with the water supply tank.
As a further improvement, it further comprises an orifice plate disposed on the inside wall of the mold box, said water supply line reaching the orifice plate. The perforated plates distribute the permeate in a distributed manner to simulate the impact of the fluid on the ground under real conditions.
As another further improvement, the lower end of the simulation open caisson is provided with an inner cutting edge angle, so that the real situation is simulated, and the simulation of the open caisson sinking is facilitated.
As an improvement, the transparent soil is prepared by mixing fused quartz sand particles with a mixed solution of n-dodecane and fifteen kinds of white oil.
As an improvement, the transparent soil is submerged by penetrating fluid, and the penetrating fluid has the same proportion of n-dodecane and No. fifteen white oil as the transparent soil and is prepared under the same temperature and humidity conditions.
As an improvement, the simulation open caisson is formed by uniformly stirring glass sand, liquid paraffin and tridecane and then performing plasticity.
As an improvement, the data acquisition system comprises a laser generator positioned on one side of the model box and a CCD camera positioned below the transparent box, and the CCD camera is connected with a computer.
As an improvement, the simulated excavation means is a mechanical gripper.
The invention also provides a visual test method for simulating the land displacement in underwater open caisson construction by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
1. placing the simulation open caisson on transparent soil, and driving a plurality of engineering piles into the periphery of the simulation open caisson in sequence; placing a carrying plate at the top end of the engineering pile;
2. injecting a penetrating fluid into the water supply tank; the water supply tank is lifted to a set height, so that the penetrating fluid in the water supply tank impacts the transparent soil; and loading a balance weight on the loading plate;
3. excavating transparent soil in the simulated sinking well by using the simulated excavating device until the sinking well sinks to a preset position, and recording the process by using a data acquisition system;
4. and analyzing the obtained image data by using computer software.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the method integrates the transparent material technology and the digital image processing technology and applies the transparent material technology and the digital image processing technology to indoor simulation of underwater open caisson construction, thereby realizing visual observation of a soil body displacement field and a seepage field in the underwater open caisson construction;
2. the invention overcomes the defect that only single influence factor is considered in the traditional soil body excavation test device and the test method, realizes the simulation of the seepage stress coupling sinking well excavation process, and better meets the actual engineering requirements;
3. the seepage force applying system can realize the lifting speed of the test water head through the speed of rotating the handle, and can realize the simulation of open caisson construction under different seepage water head conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a condition simulation system according to the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1 is a handle; 2 is a steel wire rope; 3 is a water supply tank; 4 is a support rod; 5 is a top plate; 6 is a chute; 7 is a flowmeter; 8 is a bottom plate; 9 is a water supply pipe; 10 is a valve; 11 is a pore plate; 12 is transparent soil; 13 is a CCD camera; 14 is a computer; 15 is a laser generator; 16 is a penetrating fluid; 17 is a simulation open caisson; 18 is a carrying plate; 19 is a counterweight; 20 is an engineering pile; 21 is a model box; 22 are mechanical grippers.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a visual test device for simulating land displacement in underwater open caisson construction, which comprises four large parts, namely a seepage force application system, a working condition simulation system, a data acquisition system and a simulation excavation device.
The seepage force applying system comprises a supporting rod 4 which is vertically arranged, a water supply tank 3 which can slide up and down along the supporting rod 4 and is used for containing a seepage fluid 16, and a driving device which is used for driving the water supply tank 3 to move up and down; the driving device comprises a handle 1 arranged at the top of the supporting rod 4, and the handle 1 can be made of Z-shaped steel. A top plate 5 is supported at the upper end of the support rod 4, and a screw hole is formed in the top plate 5; the handle 1 is provided with threads matched with the screw holes; the handle 1 is connected to a water supply tank 3 by a wire rope 2. For the firmness of the whole structure, the supporting rods 4 are arranged into four, and a bottom plate 8 is arranged below the supporting rods 4. In addition, in order to facilitate the up-and-down sliding of the water service box 3, a slide groove may be provided inside the support rod 4.
The working condition simulation system comprises a transparent model box 21, the model box 21 is made of organic glass meeting the light transmission requirement, the size of the model box is 800 (length) × 400 (width) × 300 (height) (unit: mm), the thickness of the model box is 10mm, and the bottom of the model box is fixedly connected with an optical platform. Transparent soil 12 is contained in the model box 21, and a cylindrical simulation open caisson 17 is vertically inserted into the transparent soil 12; the transparent soil 12 is submerged with a penetrating fluid 16 which is 50mm above the top surface of the transparent soil 12. The transparent soil 12 is positioned around the simulated open caisson 17 and is inserted with a plurality of engineering piles 20, and a loading plate 18 and a counterweight 19 are jacked on the engineering piles 20. The engineering pile 20 is a stainless steel rod with the diameter of 10mm and the length of 200 mm.
The mixing ratio of each component of the transparent soil 12 is designed according to the physical and mechanical properties (including water content, pore ratio, friction angle, cohesive force and the like) of the transparent soil 12 in the test; the transparent clay 12 used in this example was prepared by mixing n-dodecane and fifteen kinds of white oil at a certain temperature (set to 24 ℃ in this example) and a certain humidity (set to 30% in this example) in a mixed solution at a certain mass ratio (set to 1:4 in this example), and stirring the mixture with an appropriate amount of quartz sand until it was uniformly transparent.
The proportion of each component of the simulated open caisson 17 material is designed according to the physical and mechanical properties (including density, uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus and the like) of the concrete open caisson simulated by the test; the transparent material used in this example was prepared by mixing glass sand, liquid paraffin and n-tridecane at a certain temperature (set to 24 ℃ in this example) and a certain humidity (set to 30% in this example) in a certain ratio (set to 1.295:1:0.85 in this example), stirring, evacuating and vibrating to transparency, molding, and removing the mold; the simulated open caisson 17 in this example is a cylinder with an outer diameter of 110mm and an inner diameter of 100mm, and the bottom of the simulated open caisson is provided with a 45-degree oblique inner edge angle.
A system for applying a seepage force was installed according to the experimental requirements, and a penetrating fluid 16 having the same refractive index as that of the transparent soil 12 was injected into the water supply tank 3, and a mixed solution of n-dodecane and white oil No. fifteen (V.sub.d.) was used in this example, which was prepared at the same temperature (set to 24 ℃ C. in this example) and the same humidity (set to 30% in this example) as that of the transparent liquid in the transparent soil 12, in the same blending ratio (set to 1:4 in this example).
The water supply tank 3 is connected to the mold box 21 through a water supply pipe 9. And further comprises a perforated plate 11 disposed on an inner side wall of the mold box 21, and the water supply pipe 9 is communicated to the perforated plate 11. The water supply pipe 9 is provided with a flowmeter 7 and a valve 10 for metering and controlling opening and closing.
The data acquisition system comprises a laser generator 15 positioned at one side of the model box 21 and a CCD camera 13 positioned below the transparent box, and the CCD camera 13 is connected with a computer 14. The laser generator 15 used in this example is a semiconductor wafer source, and a cavity helium-neon laser is used and equipped with a linear converter to convert a point source of light into a linear source of light. Turning on the laser generator 15 and adjusting the specific position thereof to align the laser generator with the transparent soil 12 in the transparent model box 21 to form a bright speckle field; the laser generator 15 in this example is positioned at a distance of 350mm vertically from the outer vertical surface of the mold box 21. The CCD camera 13 used in this example is a German Basler product (scA1600-14 fm); opening the CCD camera 13, and adjusting the height and angle of the bracket of the CCD camera 13 to ensure that the lens of the CCD camera 13 is vertically aligned with the outer vertical surface of the model box 21, thereby ensuring that the visible range of the CCD camera can contain the whole transparent soil 12; the CCD camera 13 is connected to a computer 14, and the CCD camera 13 is set to acquire images at a frequency of 2 frames/second and transmit them to the computer 14.
The simulated digging implement is a mechanical hand 22. The mechanical gripper 22 used in the example is a single-column truss robot (model: HL3) produced by precision machinery Limited in Changzhou Rizhong, the gripping weight of the single claw is within 3Kg, and the repeated positioning precision is +/-0.04 mm; the Z-axis control mode is servo control, the moving speed is 140M/min, and the driving mode is a gear rack; the control mode of the X axis is servo control, the moving speed is 180M/min, and the driving mode is a synchronous belt.
The invention also provides a visual test method for simulating the displacement of the soil for underwater open caisson construction by using the device, which is a visual process for the displacement of the soil for underwater open caisson construction on the premise that the water supply tank 3 is constant, and comprises the following steps:
1. placing the simulation open caisson 17 on the transparent soil 12, and driving a plurality of engineering 20 piles into the periphery of the simulation open caisson 17 in sequence; and placing the carrier plate 18 on top of the engineering pile 20; sequentially and slowly driving 8 engineering piles 20 into the transparent soil 12 on the left side and the right side of the simulation open caisson 17 respectively in a 2 multiplied by 2 distribution mode through a pile sinking loading instrument, wherein the speed of the pile sinking loading instrument is strictly controlled in the pile sinking process, the engineering piles 20 are ensured to vertically penetrate into the transparent soil 12, and the situation of overlarge pile position deviation is prevented; before use, the outer surface of the engineering pile 18 needs to be wiped clean by a wet towel and then dried; placing a carrier plate 18 on the engineered pile 20;
2. permeate 16 is injected into the feed water tank 3. Lifting the water supply tank 3 to a set height so that the penetrating fluid 16 in the water supply tank 3 impacts the transparent soil; and a counterweight 19 is loaded on the loading plate 18; the water supply tank 3 is adjusted to a certain height through the handle 1, the position of the water supply tank 3 is kept unchanged in the test process, and the valve 10 and the flowmeter 7 are opened, so that penetrating fluid 16 in the water supply tank 3 sequentially passes through the water supply pipe 9 and the pore plate 11 to impact transparent soil 12; placing a mass of counterweight 19 in carrier plate 18; the weight 19 in this example is 5 Kg.
3. And excavating transparent soil in the simulated open caisson by using the simulated excavating device until the simulated open caisson 17 sinks to a preset position, and recording the process by using the data acquisition system. After the test is stopped, the instrument is disassembled, cleaned and then placed in a tool box.
4. And analyzing the obtained picture by using digital image processing software PIV to obtain the change process of a soil displacement field and a seepage field in the underwater open caisson construction process.
For the simulation and visual observation of the construction process of the underwater sinking well under the condition that the water supply tank 3 is changed, the implementation mode of the step 2 can be changed on the basis of the experimental method. After the water supply tank is adjusted to a certain height by the handle 1, the handle 1 is clockwise at 6 revolutions per minute, so that the water supply tank 3 is reduced at a medium speed in the test process; 1, opening a valve 10 and a flowmeter 7, so that penetrating fluid in a water supply tank 3 sequentially passes through a water supply pipe 9 and a pore plate 11 to impact transparent soil 12; placing a mass of counterweight 19 in the load plate 18; the weight 19 in this example is 5 Kg.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a visual test device of simulation open caisson construction soil body displacement under water which characterized in that: the seepage force simulation system comprises a seepage force application system, a working condition simulation system, a data acquisition system and a simulation excavation device;
the seepage force applying system comprises a supporting rod which is vertically arranged, a water supply tank which can slide up and down along the supporting rod and is used for containing penetrating fluid, and a driving device which is used for driving the water supply tank to move up and down; the driving device comprises a handle arranged at the top of the supporting rod; a top plate is supported at the upper end of the supporting rod, and a screw hole is formed in the top plate; the handle is provided with a thread matched with the screw hole; the handle is connected with the water supply tank;
the working condition simulation system comprises a transparent model box, transparent soil is filled in the model box, and a cylindrical simulation open caisson is vertically inserted in the transparent soil; a plurality of engineering piles are inserted into the transparent soil around the simulated open caisson, and a carrying plate and a counterweight are jacked on the engineering piles;
the water supply tank is connected with the model tank through a water supply pipe.
2. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and the water supply pipe is communicated with the pore plate.
3. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and an inner edge angle is arranged at the lower end of the simulation open caisson.
4. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the transparent soil is prepared from a mixed solution of fused quartz sand particles, n-dodecane and fifteen white oil.
5. The visual test device for simulating the soil displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the transparent soil is submerged by using penetrating fluid, and the penetrating fluid has the same proportion of n-dodecane and No. fifteen white oil in the transparent soil and is prepared under the same temperature and humidity conditions.
6. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the simulated open caisson is formed by uniformly stirring glass sand, liquid paraffin and n-tridecane and then performing plasticity.
7. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the data acquisition system comprises a laser generator positioned on one side of the model box and a CCD camera positioned below the model box, and the CCD camera is connected with the computer.
8. The visual test device for simulating the soil body displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the simulated excavation device is a mechanical gripper.
9. The method for testing the visual test device for simulating the soil displacement in the underwater open caisson construction according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. placing the simulation open caisson on transparent soil, and driving a plurality of engineering piles into the periphery of the simulation open caisson in sequence; placing a carrying plate at the top end of the engineering pile;
2. injecting a penetrating fluid into the water supply tank; the water supply tank is lifted to a set height, so that the penetrating fluid in the water supply tank impacts the transparent soil; and loading a balance weight on the loading plate;
3. excavating transparent soil in the simulated sinking well by using the simulated excavating device until the sinking well sinks to a preset position, and recording the process by using a data acquisition system;
4. and analyzing the obtained image data by using computer software.
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| CN109537648A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-29 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of simulation open caisson does not drain the experimental provision of suck sediment subsidence |
| CN109695262A (en) * | 2019-01-20 | 2019-04-30 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of prominent heavy experimental rig of simulation open caisson generation founding |
| CN111413487A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-14 | 大连理工大学 | Offshore and offshore artificial island settlement deformation test device and test method |
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| CN107884326A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-04-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of experimental rig and test method for simulating soil body failure by piping evolution |
| CN107907656A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-13 | 南京科兴新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of seepage stress rainfall couples the visual experimental rig of slope instability land movement and test method |
| CN108035301B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-11-26 | 宿州市鑫尧健康科技有限公司 | The experimental rig and test method that suspended cut-off wall anti-seepage effect is simulated under a kind of seepage liquefaction |
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