CN108822465B - 一种阻燃保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃保温板及其制备方法，所述阻燃保温板是以三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液、纳米碳管、高抗冲性聚苯乙烯、碳纤维、发泡剂、浸渍液和硅烷偶联剂为原料制备而成的；其制备方法是将纳米碳管分散于乙醇，并加入硅烷偶联剂搅拌；然后与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯共混，得到改性聚苯乙烯；将改性聚苯乙烯加热后加入发泡剂，经发泡、熟化后得到发泡聚苯乙烯；将碳纤维剪短，在酸性溶液中电解进行阳极表面氧化处理后，置于三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡，然后与浸渍液、发泡聚苯乙烯混合，成型。本发明阻燃保温板的阻燃性能好、物理机械性能好，且制备工艺简单。
Description
本申请为分案申请，原案专利号为：201710906439.4，申请日为2017年09月29日，发明名称为：一种阻燃保温板及其制备方法。
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料技术领域，涉及一种保温板，特别是涉及一种阻燃保温板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着建筑行业的快速发展，保温板已在建筑材料中广泛使用，目前，市场中常用的保温板有硬质聚氨酯发泡板(PU)、酚醛泡沫板(PF)、聚苯乙烯发泡保温板等。聚苯乙烯发泡保温板由于其优异的防腐蚀性、良好的隔热保温性能和抗压抗冲击性能，成为诸多建筑厂商的首选材料。
聚苯乙烯发泡保温板一般分为模塑聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)和挤塑聚苯乙烯保温板(XPS)，与前者相比，做为硬质发泡保温材料的新一代升级，他简化了EPS的生产工艺，提升了材料的各项使用性能和寿命，被广泛应用于墙体保温、低温储藏以及路面防潮等。
然而，对于发泡聚苯乙烯这一类保温材料而言，易燃是这类材料的致密缺点，当发生火灾时候，易燃的外保温材料会燃烧并放出浓烟火灾有害气体，使得处于火灾的人们窒息造成巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡，目前研究中对聚苯乙烯的阻燃改性研究已经做了很多工作，但是改性后的聚苯乙烯发泡材料的物理机械性能往往较低，或者阻燃效果不佳，其应用范围仍然受到较大的制约。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中保温板所存在的缺陷，本发明公开了一种阻燃保温板及其制备方法，旨在提供一种阻燃性能好、物理机械性能好，制备工艺简单的阻燃保温板。
为达到以上目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种阻燃保温板，是以如下重量份的组分为原料制备而成的：
优选地，所述浸渍液为RFL浸渍液，其中，RFL浸渍液是丁苯吡胶乳、间苯二酚与甲醛水溶液的混合液，用于增强橡胶复合材料与纤维之间界面的相互作用，从而提高粘合强度。
较佳地，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、二亚硝基五次甲基四胺、对甲苯酰胺肼中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、硅烷偶联剂KH-560、硅烷偶联剂Si69中的一种或多种。
作为一种优选实施方式，所述碳纤维的长度为1-5mm。
本发明还公开了上述阻燃保温板的一种优选制备方法，该方法是通过如下步骤实现的：
(1)将纳米碳管分散于乙醇中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂在55-65℃下搅拌2-4h；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的纳米碳管与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯在80-150℃、30-40r/min条件下共混10-15min，得到改性聚苯乙烯；
(3)将改性聚苯乙烯用饱和蒸汽加热后加入发泡剂，使发泡剂在聚苯乙烯基体中缓慢分散，发泡4-6min后，熟化8-10h，得到发泡聚苯乙烯；
(4)将碳纤维剪切至1-5mm长的短碳纤维，然后浸到酸性溶液中，在电解槽内进行阳极表面氧化处理，处理完成后取出烘干；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理得到的短碳纤维在三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡8-12h后，取出烘干；
(6)将步骤(5)所得物质与浸渍液一同加入到步骤(3)得到的发泡聚苯乙烯中混合均匀，然后通过模具成型，切割成所需规格的阻燃保温板。
作为一种优选实施方式，步骤(4)中的酸性溶液为硝酸或酸性重铬酸钾或次氯酸钠与硫酸的混合液。
作为一种优选实施方式，步骤(4)中的处理电压为4.5-5.0V，处理时间为5-15min；较佳地，步骤(4)中的处理电压为4.8V，处理时间为10min。
较佳地，步骤(6)中模具成型后，经过6-10天的养护后，再进行切割。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有如下优点和有益效果：
(1)通过纳米碳管在HIPS中构建交叉网络结构，很大程度上提高了材料的物理机械性能，有效地提高了材料的抗拉和抗弯强度，并且在一定程度中起到了阻燃的效果；
(2)经过电解处理的短纤维表面有较多的突起，与HIPS可以更加牢靠的结合在一起，进一步提高材料的抗拉性能，并且通过MCA的接枝改性，将阻燃剂均匀分散在基体中，避免由于阻燃剂与HIPS普通共混造成的材料性能下降；
(3)由于浸渍液的存在，尤其是RFL浸渍液，缩小了短纤与EPS大颗粒之间的空隙，提高了两者的相容性。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例，本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
表1组分中所用的原料规格及来源如下：
| 原料 | 规格 | 来源 |
| 三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐 | - | 北京伊诺凯有限公司 |
| 纳米碳管 | - | 时代纳米 |
| 高抗冲性聚苯乙烯 | - | 西格玛试剂 |
| 发泡剂 | 工厂级 | 广州市天河区鑫沐化工 |
| 碳纤维 | - | 北京伊诺凯有限公司 |
| 硅烷偶联剂 | 分析纯 | 西格玛试剂 |
| RFL浸渍液 | 工厂级 | 广州市天河区鑫沐化工 |
实施例1
一种阻燃保温板，是以如下重量份的组分为原料制备而成的：
三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液(MCA)5份、纳米碳管(CNTS)3份、高抗冲性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)30份、碳纤维10份、偶氮二甲酰胺10份、RFL浸渍液5份、硅烷偶联剂KH5503份。
上述阻燃保温板的制备方法，该方法是通过如下步骤实现的：
(1)将纳米碳管溶于乙醇中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH550在55℃下搅拌4h；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的纳米碳管与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯在80℃、30r/min条件下于密炼机中共混15min，得到改性聚苯乙烯；
(3)将改性聚苯乙烯用饱和蒸汽加热后加入偶氮二甲酰胺，发泡4min后，熟化10h，得到发泡聚苯乙烯；
(4)将碳纤维剪切至1mm长的短碳纤维，然后浸到质量分数为62％的硝酸溶液中，在电解槽内进行阳极表面氧化处理，处理电压为4.5V，处理时间为15min，处理完成后取出烘干；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理得到的短碳纤维在三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡8h后，取出烘干；
(6)将步骤(5)所得物质与浸渍液一同加入到步骤(3)得到的发泡聚苯乙烯中混合均匀，然后通过模具成型，经过8天的养护后，切割成所需规格的阻燃保温板。
实施例2
一种阻燃保温板，是以如下重量份的组分为原料制备而成的：
三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液(MCA)10份、纳米碳管(CNTS)5份、高抗冲性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)90份、碳纤维6份、二亚硝基五次甲基四胺5份、RFL浸渍液1份、硅烷偶联剂KH-5602份。
上述阻燃保温板的制备方法，该方法是通过如下步骤实现的：
(1)将纳米碳管分散于乙醇中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-560在65℃下搅拌2h；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的纳米碳管与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯在150℃、40r/min条件下于密炼机中共混10min，得到改性聚苯乙烯；
(3)将改性聚苯乙烯用饱和蒸汽加热后加入二亚硝基五次甲基四胺，发泡6min后，熟化8h，得到发泡聚苯乙烯；
(4)将碳纤维剪切至5mm长的短碳纤维，然后浸到质量分数为12％的酸性重铬酸钾溶液中，在电解槽内进行阳极表面氧化处理，处理电压为5.0V，处理时间为5min，处理完成后取出烘干；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理得到的短碳纤维在三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡12h后，取出烘干；
(6)将步骤(5)所得物质与浸渍液一同加入到步骤(3)得到的发泡聚苯乙烯中混合均匀，然后通过模具成型，经过10天的养护后，切割成所需规格的阻燃保温板。
实施例3
一种阻燃保温板，是以如下重量份的组分为原料制备而成的：
三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液(MCA)1份、纳米碳管(CNTS)1份、高抗冲性聚苯乙烯(HIPS)70份、碳纤维1份、对甲苯酰胺肼1份、RFL浸渍液3份、硅烷偶联剂Si690.3份。
上述阻燃保温板的制备方法，该方法是通过如下步骤实现的：
(1)将纳米碳管分散于乙醇中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂Si69在60℃下搅拌3h；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的纳米碳管与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯在120℃、35r/min条件下于密炼机中共混12min，得到改性聚苯乙烯；
(3)将改性聚苯乙烯用饱和蒸汽加热后加入对甲苯酰胺肼，发泡5min后，熟化9h，得到发泡聚苯乙烯；
(4)将碳纤维剪切至3mm长的短碳纤维，然后浸到由质量分数为15％的次氯酸钠和质量分数为40％的硫酸按体积比为1:1混合得到的酸液中，在电解槽内进行阳极表面氧化处理，处理电压为4.8V，处理时间为10min，处理完成后取出烘干；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理得到的短碳纤维在三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡10h后，取出烘干；
(6)将步骤(5)所得物质与浸渍液一同加入到步骤(3)得到的发泡聚苯乙烯中混合均匀，然后通过模具成型，经过6天的养护后，切割成所需规格的阻燃保温板。
为了进一步对实施例1-3所得到的阻燃保温板的性能进行鉴定，还设置对比例1-7，其配方如表2所示,其中，对比例1和2的原料及制备方法与实施例1的制备方法相同，对比例3和4与实施例2的原料及制备方法相同，对比例5、6和7与实施例3的原料及制备方法相同。
表2对比例中配方
实施例材料性能测试
将所制得的样品测试各项强度如下。
表3：耐油橡胶密封材料浸油后各项性能测试
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (1)
1.一种阻燃保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃保温板是以如下重量份的组分为原料制备而成的：
是通过如下步骤实现的：
(1)将纳米碳管分散于乙醇中，然后加入硅烷偶联剂在55-65℃下搅拌2-4h；
(2)将经过步骤(1)处理的纳米碳管与高抗冲性聚苯乙烯在80-150℃、30-40r/min条件下共混10-15min，得到改性聚苯乙烯；
(3)将改性聚苯乙烯用饱和蒸汽加热后加入发泡剂，发泡4-6min后，熟化8-10h，得到发泡聚苯乙烯；
(4)将碳纤维剪切至1-5mm长的短碳纤维，然后浸到酸性溶液中，在电解槽内进行阳极表面氧化处理，处理完成后取出烘干；
(5)将经过步骤(4)处理得到的短碳纤维在三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐溶液中浸泡8-12h后，取出烘干；
(6)将步骤(5)所得物质与浸渍液一同加入到步骤(3)得到的发泡聚苯乙烯中混合均匀，然后通过模具成型，切割成所需规格的阻燃保温板；
步骤(4)中的处理电压为4.5-5.0V，处理时间为5-15min；
所述浸渍液为RFL浸渍液；
步骤(4)中的处理电压为4.8V，处理时间为10min；
步骤(6)中模具成型后，经过6-10天的养护后，再进行切割；
所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH550、硅烷偶联剂KH-560、硅烷偶联剂Si69中的一种或多种。
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