CN108813275A - 一种玉米秸秆木醋液抗氧化剂及应用 - Google Patents
一种玉米秸秆木醋液抗氧化剂及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L3/3472—Compounds of undetermined constitution obtained from animals or plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种玉米秸秆木醋液,所述的玉米秸秆木醋液通过以下方法制备而成:(1)以玉米秸秆为原料,切成2‑3cm的小块,利用炭化炉在500~700℃燃烧秸秆,收集该温度段下馏出液,即得到粗木醋液;(2)二次减压蒸馏,在98~103℃收集馏出液,则得到精制木醋液。本发明还涉及了该玉米秸秆木醋液在抗氧化中的应用以及含有该玉米秸秆木醋液的抗氧化剂。本发明通过对比BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者的DPPH·清除率,可以得出木醋液具有一定的抗氧化性,BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者之间的抗氧化性的大小为抗坏血酸>木醋液>BHT,该玉米秸秆木醋液具有一定的抗氧化效果,可作为抗氧化剂使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,涉及一种玉米秸秆木醋液抗氧化剂及应用。
背景技术
秸秆是成熟农作物茎叶(穗)部分的总称。通常指小麦、水稻、玉米、薯类、油菜、棉花、甘蔗和其它农作物(通常为粗粮)在收获籽实后的剩余部分。农作物光合作用的产物有一半以上存在于秸秆中,秸秆富含氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和有机质等,是一种具有多种用途的可再生的生物资源,秸秆也是一种粗饲料。特点是粗纤维含量高(30%-40%),并含有木质素等。木质素纤维素虽不能为猪、鸡所利用,但却能被反刍动物牛、羊等牲畜吸收和利用。每年我国能够产生大量农作物秸秆,据相关的统计表明,我国农作物秸秆每年的总产量约为7亿吨,其中的小麦、稻谷和玉米秸秆共占总量的76%左右。农作物秸秆除部分用于基料和肥料等外,每年至少还有存在5亿吨秸秆被废弃,由此不仅造成了环境的严重污染,还破坏了人们生活的环境。所以充分的利用秸秆资源将其转化成为木醋液,不仅能够减轻环境的污染,改善生态环境,同时也可以增加农民的经济收入,在一定程度上改善人民的生活水平,是一件利国利民的措施。
木醋液的主要成分有大量的酚类和有机酸类物质,有机酸和酚类物质具有显著的抗氧化作用。由于人工合成的抗氧化剂可能对机体有毒副作用,所以人们越来越关注天然来源的抗氧化物质,而日常食用的果蔬中的抗氧化物质以其天然、无毒等特点成为了新的研究焦点。多酚主要有酚酸和类黄酮组成。多酚类化合物具有强还原性,可淬灭单线态氧,清除体内的自由基。同时,酚类还具有鳌合金属离子的能力,能够络合催化氧自由基产生的金属离子,阻断自由基的产生。多酚的抗氧化活性远大于维生素,是果蔬保健作用的重要组成部分。可以利用木醋液的抗氧化性将其制成抗氧化剂,减缓氧气对物质的不良影响。
食品在储存运输的过程中会发生腐败变质的现象,食品的腐败变质不仅会给商家带来经济损失,而且腐败变质产生的有害物质会危害到人体的健康。食品的腐败变质受多种因素影响,如微生物,酶,光照,还有空气中的氧气等。食用含有过氧化脂肪的食品,会进一步促进人体脂肪氧化。过氧化脂肪会造成生物膜发生损坏,引起细胞功能衰退甚至造成组织死亡,引发各种生理疾病。研究发现癌症的发生和人体老化也受到过氧化脂肪的影响,所以抗氧化剂十分重要。
氧化的过程是一个是电子的过程,在氧化的过程中会产生许多的自由基,因为自由基不稳定,会很容易的与周围分子反应,形成更多的自由基,启动链反应。抗氧化剂的反应机理是减少自由基的形成,终止链式反应产生过多的氢过氧化物。酶促氧化褐变是食品中酚氧化酶催化酚类物质发生氧化形成醌及其聚合物的一类反应。由于反应生成了黑色素类物质,使食品的颜色加深,从而影响了食品的外观质量。
木醋液是从木材、木材加工废弃物或森林树木的枝桠等炭材干馏得到的冷凝物,经静置分离出沉淀木焦油后所形成的带有烟熏味的红褐色液体。随着制炭工业的发展,除木材以外的植物(如秸秆、苹果枝、花生壳、核桃壳、杏核壳和椰壳等)也可以通过干馏得到一种与木醋液性质相似的液体。在实际应用中对粗木醋液的精制需要根据它的不同用途进行,且木醋液成分复杂、功能多样,主要由酸类、醋类、酮类和醇类等组成,现阶段研究发现木醋液具有抑菌抗炎、抗氧化、改善土壤、促进植物生长、杀虫等功效。
木醋液起源于7世纪欧洲的木材干馏工业,在8世纪80年代的时候介绍到了日本。木醋液早期是用于生产一些工业产品如甲醇、乙酸、丙酮等。在世界第二次大战末期的时候,日本意外的发现了木醋液有促进作物良好生长并且防治病虫害的功能。从那以后木醋液开始在民间广泛被应用。近些年来,日本又对精制木醋液进行了大量研究,发现将木醋液的稀释液或是用木醋液与木炭粉的混合物在某些作物上使用时,具有明显的促进生长效果。日本还发现,根据不同用途采取不同的精制方法得到的木醋液,可以作为医药原料(皮肤药等)、食品添加剂(熏液等)、染料原料(媒染剂原料)、脱臭剂(家庭用脱臭剂原料等)、农药原料(农药添加剂)、土壤改良剂(发根促进剂等)和植物生长促进剂原料等。在日本,已有不同用途的木醋液产品在市面上销售(如消臭剂等)。在韩国,人们将木醋液经提炼加工成为一种叫“森林饮料”的保健品。中国对木醋液的应用起步于20世纪80年代末期,并且研究主要集中于木醋液的制备、精制、组分分析和抑菌效果以及在蔬菜、大田作物应用方面。但是,尚未有玉米秸秆木醋液的报道。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是提供一种玉米秸秆木醋液,解决了从玉米秸秆中提取木醋液的问题。
本发明的第二目的是提供上述玉米秸秆木醋液的用途。
本发明的第三目的是提供含有上述玉米秸秆木醋液的抗氧化剂。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
一、一种玉米秸秆木醋液,所述的玉米秸秆木醋液通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)以玉米秸秆为原料,切成2-3cm的小块,利用炭化炉在500~700℃燃烧秸秆,收集该温度段下馏出液,即得到粗木醋液;
(2)二次减压蒸馏,在98~103℃收集馏出液,则得到精制木醋液。
二、上述的玉米秸秆木醋液在抗氧化中的应用。
三、一种抗氧化剂,是用蒸馏水稀释上述玉米秸秆木醋液制备而成,玉米秸秆木醋液的终浓度为7.5ml/500ml。
采用上述技术方案的积极效果:本发明通过对比BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者的DPPH·清除率,可以得出木醋液具有一定的抗氧化性,BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者之间的抗氧化性的大小为抗坏血酸>木醋液>BHT,该玉米秸秆木醋液具有一定的抗氧化效果,可作为抗氧化剂使用。
附图说明
图1是操作流程示意图;
图2是木醋液红外分析图;
图3是清除率线性图;
图4是香蕉的体重变化示意图;
图5是香蕉现象变化示意图;
图6是柑橘的实验现象示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明,但不应理解为对本发明的限制:
实施例1
本实施例说明玉米秸秆木醋液的制备方法。
以玉米秸秆为原料,切成2-3cm的小块,每次称量一定量玉米秸秆于炭化炉中,通过炭化炉控制温度系统对燃烧温度进行控制,控制在500~700℃,待无烟出现时收集木醋液,即得到粗木粗液。
取粗木醋液于圆底烧瓶,安装加压蒸馏装置,待温度升到98℃开始收集98~103℃馏出液,为第一次减压蒸馏馏出液,将上述液体移入圆底烧瓶,同上操作,进行第二次减压蒸馏即得到精制木醋液。
实施例2、3为本发明的实验阶段,具体流程如图1所示。
实施例2
取100g精制木醋液,每次用30mL乙醚萃取6次,合并乙醚萃取液,经旋转蒸发仪回收乙醚,得到脱水木醋液,用作红外分光光度仪分析样品。
红外分光光度仪的条件为:波数范围:4000-400cm-1。波数精度:≤±4cm-1(4000-2000cm-1);≤±2cm-1(2000-400cm-1)。分辨能力:1.5cm-1(1000cm-1附近)。透过率精度:±0.2%T不含(噪声电平)。Io线平直度:≤±2%T。杂散光:≤0.5%T(4000-650cm-1);测试模式:透过率。扫描速度:正常狭缝程序:正常。响应:正常。工作方式:定波长扫描。
结果如图2所示,从红外分析图中可以看出,近3400cm-1的钝峰为OH产生的特征吸收峰,2800-3000cm-1的双峰为CHO-产生的特征吸收峰,1753cm-1的峰为C=O羰基产生的特征吸收峰,1200cm-1的峰为C-O单键产生的特征吸收峰,由此推断木醋液可能的主要成分为酚类、酸类、醛类和酮类,或含有少量的醇类和酯类等,由于木醋液为混合物,初步分析推测其抑菌活性组成成分为酚酸和醛类的作用。
实施例3
本实施例说明玉米秸秆木醋液的抗氧化实验。
称取一定质量的1.1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼,加入到容量瓶中,用无水乙醇溶液定容。配制成为60μmol/L的DPPH·溶液,且配制好的DPPH·溶液呈现为浅紫色。再分别称取BHT 0.569g,抗坏血酸0.438g放入三角瓶中,在相应的三角瓶中加入50ml无水乙醇,50ml的水,配制成为具有相同浓度的BHT,抗坏血酸和木醋液。在试管中分别加入2.0ml60μml/L的DPPH·无水乙醇溶液,在这几只试管中分别加入相同浓度的脱水木醋液,BHT,抗坏血酸,用力摇匀后在室温下静置30min,在517nm下测定其吸光度值(AR);以3ml水代替样品作空白实验(A0);以3ml样品和2ml无水乙醇混合液作为对照组(AX),以消除样品本身颜色的影响;以3ml水和2ml无水乙醇混合液调仪器零点。每个样品重复3次,取平均值。清除率按以下公式计算:
DPPH·清除率(%)=[A0-(AR-AX)]/A0×%
清除能力越强,抗氧化能力越大。结果如表1所示:
表1分光光度值
由DPPH·清除率(%)=[A0-(AR-AX)]/A0×%可知,AR越小,清除率越大,由三组实验的实验结果可知,抗坏血酸的清除率最高,其次是木醋液,最后为BHT。
抗坏血酸:DPPH·清除率(%)=[A0-(AR-AX)]/A0×%=97.2%
BHT:DPPH·清除率(%)=[A0-(AR-AX)]/A0×%=83.64%
木醋液:DPPH·清除率(%)=[A0-(AR-AX)]/A0×%=88.2%
在水果店选择大小几乎接近,新鲜成度没有较大差别的香蕉,用清水清洗干净,晾干后,对照组实验将香蕉放在水中浸泡5min,实验组实验香蕉放在加有木醋液的水(按5g木醋液1L水加入)中浸泡5min,待时间到了之后取出,晾干,装入箱中,避光保存,防止光照对其影响。(通过观察香蕉腐烂现象来判断木醋液的抗氧化能力,香蕉的体重变化如图4所示,香蕉现象变化如图5所示)。通过对香蕉几天培养的褐变现象的观察,可以得出加有木醋液的香蕉褐变现象的更慢些,失水率也相对比对照组小一些,所以木醋液具有一定的抗氧化能力,能够延长香蕉的贮藏期。
表2香蕉的重量
在水果店挑选25个大小几乎相同的小柑橘,每5个柑橘为一组,称取的每组质量几乎柑橘是相接近,将其中一组放在500ml清水中浸泡10min中后取出晒干,作为对照组;取5ml的BHT溶液,放入500ml清水中混合均匀后,加入一组小柑橘浸泡10min中后取出,为实验组1;取2.5ml木醋液加入到500ml清水中混匀后,加入一组小柑橘浸泡10min中后取出晒干,为实验组2;取5ml木醋液加入到500ml的清水中混匀后,加入一组小柑橘浸泡后晒干,为实验组3;取7.5ml木醋液加入到500ml清水中混匀后,加入一组小柑橘浸泡10min中后,取出晒干,为实验组4。将五组密封保存,记录观察现象(柑橘的现象如图6所示)。通过对柑橘现象的观察,可以发现腐败现象:对照组>实验组2>实验组1>实验组3>实验组4。所以7.5ml/500ml的玉米秸秆木醋液的抗氧化性最好。
本发明通过对比BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者的DPPH·清除率,可以得出木醋液具有一定的抗氧化性,BHT、抗坏血酸、木醋液三者之间的抗氧化性的大小为抗坏血酸>木醋液>BHT,该玉米秸秆木醋液具有一定的抗氧化效果,可作为抗氧化剂使用。
Claims (3)
1.一种玉米秸秆木醋液,其特征在于:所述的玉米秸秆木醋液通过以下方法制备而成:
(1)以玉米秸秆为原料,切成2-3cm的小块,利用炭化炉在500~700℃燃烧秸秆,收集该温度段下馏出液,即得到粗木醋液;
(2)二次减压蒸馏,在98~103℃收集馏出液,则得到精制木醋液。
2.权利要求1所述的玉米秸秆木醋液在抗氧化中的应用。
3.一种抗氧化剂,其特征在于:是用蒸馏水稀释上述玉米秸秆木醋液制备而成,玉米秸秆木醋液的终浓度为7.5ml/500ml。
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