Vegetables cultivation apparatus and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to vegetables production equipment technologies, high more particularly, to a kind of sunlight utilization efficiency, can effectively save
Save the vegetables cultivation apparatus and method of electric energy.
Background technique
Solar elevation refers to the angle between the incident direction and ground level that refer to sunlight, when solar elevation is 90 °
When, intensity of solar radiation is maximum;When the sun slants ground, intensity of solar radiation is with regard to small.
Solar elevation abbreviation altitude of the sun (being angle in fact), altitude of the sun are to determine that earth surface obtains solar thermal energy
The most important factor of quantity, solar elevation is continually changing in same place one day.For example, 12 points of the sun of high noon is high
Degree angle is 90 degree and starts to calculate, and it is 60 degree that each hour, which changes 15 degree, i.e., 14 points and 10 points of solar elevation, when sunrise sunset
Solar elevation is all 0 degree.
When daytime, green house of vegetables relies primarily on sun light lighting, the cloudy day or needs lighting at night, early morning and
Although having sunlight at dusk, solar elevation is too small, and intensity of solar radiation is low, and the vegetables in the middle part of green house of vegetables are difficult to be irradiated to
Sunlight, it is desired nonetheless to which the supplement of light is just able to satisfy demand of the vegetable growth to light, and therefore, green house of vegetables needs to expend a large amount of
Electric energy.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the invention be in order to overcome the shortcomings of that green house of vegetables in the prior art needs to expend a large amount of electric energy,
It is high to provide a kind of sunlight utilization efficiency, can effectively save the vegetables cultivation apparatus and method of electric energy.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention uses following technical scheme:
A kind of vegetables cultivation apparatus, including circular ring shape bottom plate, several curved support columns on circular ring shape bottom plate are set to each
Hemispherical light transmission awning on curved support column, the support base on hemispherical light transmission awning, the M item on support base
The support rod and the first plane mirror on every support rod extended to the oblique outer top of semicircle awning;M >=4, close to circle
The ground of annular bottom plate is equipped with M column, is equipped with the second plane mirror corresponding with the first plane mirror on each column, and every
It is equipped with the first motor for driving the first plane mirror to rotate on support rod, is equipped on each column flat for drive second
Second motor of face mirror rotation, height locating for circular ring shape bottom plate are higher than height locating for each column bottom, further include control
Device and illuminance sensor;Radiator and temperature detector, the water inlet pipe connecting with radiator are equipped in hemispherical light transmission awning
It is equipped with flow controller, water inlet pipe is connect with boiler, and temperature detector is connect with flow controller;Controller respectively with illumination
Spend sensor, each first motor and the electrical connection of each second motor.
When early morning or dusk, sunlight is casted oblique rays on onto each second plane mirror, and each second plane mirror sends out light
It penetrates, the light of reflection enters on each first plane mirror, and each first plane mirror reflects light forward in semicircular hood canopy, instead
It penetrates light to enter in semicircle awning from eminence, supplements light for the vegetables in the middle part of semicircle awning, while light is also casted oblique rays on and arrived
On the vegetables at semicircle awning edge, vegetables can be effectively reduced to lamplit dependence, effectively saving electric energy;
Boiler send water by water inlet pipe, and temperature detector is used to detect the temperature of radiator, and flow controller is for controlling water inlet
The water flow of pipe achievees the purpose that temperature automatically controlled to control heat transfer rate.
Preferably, the temperature detector includes containing spirituous container, the float in container is connect with float
Vertical bar;Except the propelling container of vertical bar top, vertical bar upper end and cross bar one end are rotatablely connected, and cross bar and attachment base are rotatablely connected,
The shell of container is made of Heat Conduction Material, and the shell of container is contacted with radiator.Shell is made of metal material.
Preferably, the flow controller includes the elevating lever connecting with the cross bar other end, water inlet pipe is equipped with opening,
Opening is equipped with guide pipe, and elevating lever lower part passes through guide pipe and protrudes into water inlet pipe, and elevating lever lower end is in and water inlet pipe cross section
What is cooperated is arc-shaped, and the distance between attachment base and vertical bar are greater than the distance between attachment base and elevating lever, elevating lever and guiding
Sealing ring is equipped between pipe.
When the temperature increases, alcohol by volume increases, and float moves up, and vertical bar pushes cross bar one end to rise, then cross bar is another
One end decline, elevating lever decline reduce heat transfer rate so that flowing water amount in water inlet pipe be made to reduce, dissipate to reduce automatically
The temperature of hot device;
When the temperature decreases, alcohol by volume increases, and float moves down, and vertical bar drives the decline of cross bar one end, then the cross bar other end
Rise, elevating lever rises, so that flowing water amount in water inlet pipe be made to increase, accelerates heat transfer rate, to increase radiator automatically
Temperature;
Keep constant the temperature in hemispherical light transmission awning in a certain range.
Preferably, being additionally provided with M lifting device on the ground of circular ring shape bottom plate, it is equipped on each lifting device
Concavees lens, each concavees lens are corresponding with each first plane mirror respectively, and each lifting device is electrically connected with the controller, each
Height locating for lifting device lower part is below height locating for circular ring shape bottom plate.
Each concavees lens dissipate light, and the light uniform irradiation after making diverging is in the middle part of hemispherical light transmission awning
On vegetables, keeps vegetable growth progress identical, offer convenience to production management.
Preferably, the lifting device is cylinder, the telescopic rod of cylinder connect with concavees lens, each cylinder with control
Device electrical connection.
Preferably, support base is equipped with M third motor, the shaft of each third motor connects with each support rod respectively
It connects, each third motor is electrically connected with the controller.It can change the inclined angle of support rod by third motor, so as to improve
The stress of support rod improves the service life of support rod.
Each support rod is cannula structure.With manual tension or each support rod can be shunk.
A kind of method of vegetables cultivation apparatus, includes the following steps:
(7-1)Illuminance sensor detects illuminance, and illuminance threshold value W is equipped in controller, is equipped with the first plane in controller
The rotational angle of the rotational angle of mirror and the second plane mirror respectively with the corresponding table on date and moment;
(7-2)If the illuminance value of illuminance sensor detection is greater than W and current time is less than morning T1 moment, Huo Zheguang
The illuminance value of illuminance transducer detection is greater than W and current time is greater than T2 in the afternoon moment;
Then controller control each first motor and each second motor respectively according to corresponding table control hemispherical light transmission awning to
The first plane mirror and the second plane mirror of light side change with time and rotate;
(7-3)Sunlight passes through the reflection of each first plane mirror and the second plane mirror, from higher high irradiance to hemispherical
On vegetables in light transmission awning, the light that vegetables absorb is more sufficient;
(7-4)Water of the boiler by water inlet pipe output heating, the temperature of temperature detector detection radiator, flow controller control
The inflow of water inlet pipe.
Preferably, wind deflector is equipped with plane mirror towards the side lower of hemispherical light transmission awning, wind deflector is towards hemisphere
The side surface upper part of shape light transmission awning is equipped with from the bottom to top gradually to the concave mirror of hemispherical light transmission awning arc-shaped bend;Step is kept out the wind
Plate is by light diffusing reflection into replacing in hemispherical light transmission awning:
Wind deflector lower part reflects into light in hemispherical light transmission awning, and wind deflector top is by convergence of rays and reflects into hemispherical
In light transmission awning.
Preferably, being additionally provided with M lifting device on the ground of circular ring shape bottom plate, it is equipped on each lifting device
Concavees lens, each concavees lens are corresponding with each first plane mirror respectively, and each lifting device is electrically connected with the controller;Also wrap
Include following steps:
Adjust each concavees lens from hemispherical light transmission awning to light side tilt angle, it is saturating that controller controls each hemispherical
Light shield canopy rises to each concavees lens of light side, respectively enters each concavees lens by the light that each first plane mirror reflects
In, each concavees lens are by divergence of beam, and the light after diverging enters in hemispherical light transmission awning, the light uniform irradiation after diverging
On vegetables.
Preferably, support base is equipped with M third motor, the shaft of each third motor connects with each support rod respectively
It connects, each third motor is electrically connected with the controller;It further include following steps:
If current time, in the section of [T3, T4], controller controls each third motor and drives each support rod rotation, control
Each first motor drives each first plane mirror to pack up.
Meanwhile it is in state perpendicular to the ground that controller, which controls each second motor to drive each second plane mirror, control is each
A lifting device drives each concavees lens to drop to original state.
Therefore, the present invention has the advantages that:Sunlight utilization efficiency is high, effectively saving electric energy;For vegetables health at
It is long that reliable basis is provided.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of functional block diagram of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of temperature detector of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
In figure:Circular ring shape bottom plate 1, curved support column 2, hemispherical light transmission awning 3, support base 4, support rod 5, the first plane
Mirror 6, the second plane mirror 7, first motor 8, the second motor 9, controller 10, lifting device 11, concavees lens 12, third motor 13,
Temperature detector 14, flow controller 15, illuminance sensor 16, water inlet pipe 18, container 141, float 142, vertical bar 143, cross
Bar 144, support base 145, elevating lever 151, guide pipe 152.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Embodiment 1
Embodiment as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 is a kind of vegetables cultivation apparatus, including circular ring shape bottom plate 1, is set on circular ring shape bottom plate
4 curved support columns 2, the hemispherical light transmission awning 3 on each curved support column, on hemispherical light transmission awning
Support base 4,16 on the support base support rods 5 extended to the oblique outer top of semicircle awning and is set to every support rod
On the first plane mirror 6, be equipped with 16 columns close to the ground of circular ring shape bottom plate, be equipped with and the first plane on each column
Corresponding second plane mirror 7 of mirror is equipped with the first motor 8 for driving the first plane mirror to rotate on every support rod, each
The second motor 9 for driving the second plane mirror to rotate is equipped on column, height locating for circular ring shape bottom plate is higher than each vertical
Height locating for column bottom further includes controller 10 and illuminance sensor 16.Controller respectively with illuminance sensor, each
First motor and the electrical connection of each second motor.
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, it is equipped with radiator and temperature detector 14 in hemispherical light transmission awning, is connect with radiator
Water inlet pipe 18 is equipped with flow controller 15, and water inlet pipe is connect with boiler, and temperature detector is connect with flow controller;
As shown in figure 3, temperature detector includes containing spirituous container 141, the float 142 in container is connect with float
Vertical bar 143;Except the propelling container of vertical bar top, vertical bar upper end and 144 one end of cross bar are rotatablely connected, cross bar and attachment base 145
Rotation connection, the shell of container are made of Heat Conduction Material, and the shell of container is contacted with radiator.
Flow controller includes the elevating lever 151 connecting with the cross bar other end, and water inlet pipe is equipped with opening, and opening is equipped with
Guide pipe 152, elevating lever lower part pass through guide pipe and protrude into water inlet pipe, and elevating lever lower end is in the circle cooperated with water inlet pipe cross section
Arc, the distance between attachment base and vertical bar are greater than the distance between attachment base and elevating lever, set between elevating lever and guide pipe
There is sealing ring.
As shown in figure 4, a kind of method of vegetables cultivation apparatus, includes the following steps:
Step 100, illuminance sensor detects illuminance, and illuminance threshold value W is equipped in controller, and it is flat to be equipped with first in controller
The rotational angle of the rotational angle of face mirror and the second plane mirror respectively with the corresponding table on date and moment;
Step 200, light irradiating angle is adjusted
If the illuminance value of illuminance sensor detection is greater than W and current time is less than morning T1 moment or illuminance
The illuminance value of sensor detection is greater than W and current time is greater than T2 in the afternoon moment;W is 35000lx, and T1 is the morning 10:00,
T2 is afternoon 2:00.
Then controller controls each first motor and each second motor and controls hemispherical translucent cover according to corresponding table respectively
Canopy changes with time to the first plane mirror of light side and the second plane mirror and is rotated;
Before 10 points of the morning in the date that light energy is met the requirements and after 2 pm, adjustment light shines the present invention
Firing angle degree improves the speed of photosynthesis of plant so that the light for absorbing vegetables is more sufficient, improves the economic effect of green house of vegetables
Benefit;
Step 300, light adjusted enters in hemispherical light transmission awning
Sunlight passes through the reflection of each first plane mirror and the second plane mirror, from higher high irradiance to hemispherical translucent cover
On vegetables in canopy, the light that vegetables absorb is more sufficient;
Step 400, temperature automatically controlled
Water of the boiler by water inlet pipe output heating, the temperature of temperature detector detection radiator, flow controller control water inlet
The inflow of pipe.
When the temperature increases, alcohol by volume increases, and float moves up, and vertical bar pushes cross bar one end to rise, then cross bar is another
One end decline, elevating lever decline reduce heat transfer rate so that flowing water amount in water inlet pipe be made to reduce, dissipate to reduce automatically
The temperature of hot device;
When the temperature decreases, alcohol by volume increases, and float moves down, and vertical bar drives the decline of cross bar one end, then the cross bar other end
Rise, elevating lever rises, so that flowing water amount in water inlet pipe be made to increase, accelerates heat transfer rate, to increase radiator automatically
Temperature;
Keep constant the temperature in hemispherical light transmission awning in a certain range.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 includes the structures and methods part of embodiment 1, as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2, close to circular ring shape bottom plate in embodiment 2
Ground on be additionally provided with 16 lifting devices 11, be equipped with concavees lens 12 on each lifting device, each concavees lens are respectively and respectively
A first plane mirror is corresponding, and each lifting device is electrically connected with the controller, and height locating for each lifting device lower part is equal
Lower than height locating for circular ring shape bottom plate.Lifting device is cylinder, and the telescopic rod of cylinder is connect with concavees lens, each cylinder with
Controller electrical connection.
It further include following steps:
Adjust each concavees lens from hemispherical light transmission awning to light side tilt angle, it is saturating that controller controls each hemispherical
Light shield canopy rises to each concavees lens of light side, respectively enters each concavees lens by the light that each first plane mirror reflects
In, each concavees lens are by divergence of beam, and the light after diverging enters in hemispherical light transmission awning, the light uniform irradiation after diverging
On vegetables.
Embodiment 3
The structures and methods part of embodiment 3 including embodiment 1, as shown in Fig. 2, the support base of embodiment 3 is equipped with 16 the
The shaft of three motors 13, each third motor is connect with each support rod respectively, and each third motor is electrically connected with the controller.
If current time, in the section of [T3, T4], controller controls each third motor and drives each support rod rotation,
Controlling each first motor drives each first plane mirror to pack up;
Meanwhile it is in state perpendicular to the ground that controller, which controls each second motor to drive each second plane mirror, controls each liter
Falling unit drives each concavees lens to drop to original state;Controller controls 2 power devices and 2 wind deflectors is driven to drop to respectively
In groove.
T3 is the sunset moment on the same day, and T4 is second day sunrise moment, and in the section of [T3, T4], controller control is each
A second plane mirror, each concavees lens and 2 wind deflectors are packed up, so that the second plane mirror of guarantee, each concavees lens and 2 are kept out the wind
Safety of the plate at night.
It should be understood that this embodiment is only used to illustrate the invention but not to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that,
After having read the content of the invention lectured, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present invention, these etc.
Valence form is also fallen within the scope of the appended claims of the present application.