CN108808190B - Electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth - Google Patents
Electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth Download PDFInfo
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- CN108808190B CN108808190B CN201810681149.9A CN201810681149A CN108808190B CN 108808190 B CN108808190 B CN 108808190B CN 201810681149 A CN201810681149 A CN 201810681149A CN 108808190 B CN108808190 B CN 108808190B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/203—Strip line filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/203—Strip line filters
- H01P1/20309—Strip line filters with dielectric resonator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
- H01P7/06—Cavity resonators
Abstract
The invention discloses an electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth, and belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter waves. The invention adopts the mode that the adjustable capacitor is loaded in the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity to adjust the working frequency of each resonant cavity, the coupling strength between the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities is intuitively controlled by loading the ferrite material at the coupling window of the substrate integrated waveguide filter, and the adjustable capacitor is loaded on the input/output feeder line to realize the adjustment of the external quality factor, thereby realizing the adjustment of the frequency of the reconfigurable filter and simultaneously improving the flexibility of controlling the bandwidth of the filter. Compared with the traditional single-electric reconfigurable substrate integrated waveguide filter, the invention can realize flexible design of bandwidth, greatly improves the waveform retention degree of the filter, and has wide application potential in future multi-band, miniaturized and intelligent wireless communication equipment and systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and millimeter waves, and particularly relates to an electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency and bandwidth.
Background
In the face of the future intelligent wireless communication application demand, multiband and miniaturization have become an inevitable trend of wireless communication development. However, the conventional filter can only work at a certain fixed frequency or a certain frequency band, and if the system is to realize multi-band operation, a plurality of filters working at different frequency bands are often required. In the design of a multi-band wireless communication system, the number of required filters is not only increased linearly along with the number of frequency bands, but also mutual interference among the filters is more and more obvious, which not only increases the complexity of the system design, but also increases the volume of the whole system, increases the design cost and increases the difficulty of suppressing the interference inside the system.
The reconfigurable filter is a novel filter which is generated along with the inevitable trend of the development of the modern wireless communication towards multi-band, miniaturization and intellectualization, and can realize the structural reorganization and frequency tuning of the filter. Reconfigurable filters are generally implemented by loading tunable components in the filter structure to change the component characteristics and impedance effects of the filter, thereby obtaining different resonant frequencies and operating bandwidths. The reconfigurable microwave filter can meet the requirements of self-adaptive frequency pre-selection and multi-channel transmission, effectively solves the problems of mutual interference and electromagnetic compatibility among multiple devices, greatly reduces the size and complexity of a system, and is an ideal device for realizing multi-frequency band, miniaturization and intellectualization of a wireless communication system. Reconfigurable filters can be generally classified into mechanical reconfigurable, electrical reconfigurable and magnetic reconfigurable according to the reconfigurable mode, and the electrical reconfigurable filters have attracted attention since the electrical reconfigurable filters have the advantages of high tuning speed, small insertion loss and the like. From the related research of the current reconfigurable filter, the main method for realizing the electric reconfigurable filter is to add a PIN switch, a varactor, an MEMS switch or an electric tuning element such as a capacitor and the like into the filter structure and dynamically change the electric structure by providing adjustable bias voltage.
Substrate integrated waveguides are a new type of waveguide structure proposed in recent years. The filter based on the substrate integrated waveguide not only can keep the characteristics of high quality factor, low insertion loss, low radiation and the like of the traditional rectangular waveguide filter, but also has the advantages of small volume, light weight, convenience in integration and packaging and the like of a planar circuit structure (microstrip line and the like). In the current research of reconfigurable filters based on substrate integrated waveguide, most of the reconfigurable filters adopt an electrical reconfigurable filter loaded with PIN switches or MEMS switches. The reconfigurable filter designed by adopting the electric tuning alone only generates perturbation to the electric field distribution in the substrate integrated waveguide filter, so that the maximum adjustable range, the bandwidth control and the design flexibility of the filter are greatly limited. In recent years, attention has been paid to filter designs in which the center frequency, bandwidth and frequency selectivity can be tuned. According to the analysis provided by the IEEE Transactions on Microwave and digital filters journal (vol.61, No.1, pp: 423-. However, the electromagnetic tuning elements loaded in the reconfigurable filter are all used for changing the resonant frequency of the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, so that the intuitive adjustment of the coupling strength between the resonant cavities is not easy to realize, and the ferrite required for magnetic tuning is large in size.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency and bandwidth, the working frequency of each resonant cavity is adjusted by loading an adjustable capacitor in a substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity, the coupling strength between the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities is intuitively controlled by loading a ferrite material at a coupling window of the substrate integrated waveguide filter, and the adjustment of an external quality factor is realized by loading the adjustable capacitor on an input/output feeder line, so that the frequency adjustment of the reconfigurable filter is realized, and the flexibility of controlling the bandwidth of the filter is improved.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the structure of the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency and bandwidth is shown in figure 1, and comprises a dielectric substrate 2 for realizing substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a first metal copper-clad layer 1 covers the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and a second metal copper-clad layer 3 covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2; the dielectric substrate 2 is provided with a metalized through hole array 4 penetrating through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
The metalized through hole array 4, the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 jointly enclose a first resonant cavity 5 and a second resonant cavity 6 which are connected, and the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are mutually coupled through an inductive coupling window 7.
And the middle parts of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are respectively provided with a perturbation metallization through hole 8, and the perturbation metallization through hole 8 penetrates through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
Two annular grooves 9 are formed in the second metal copper-clad layer 3, the two annular grooves 9 are respectively located in the middle of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and an adjustable capacitor 10 is respectively arranged on the two annular grooves; one end of the adjustable capacitor 10 is connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3 outside the annular groove 9, and the other end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3 inside the annular groove 9 and connected to the first metal copper-clad layer 1 through the perturbation metalized through hole 8.
A through hole is arranged at the central position of the inductive coupling window 7, the through hole is arranged in the dielectric substrate 2, a ferrite 11 is arranged in the through hole, the shape of the ferrite is matched with that of the through hole so as to be fixed, and the thickness of the ferrite is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 2.
Two input and output ports are arranged on the second metal copper-clad layer 3, the input and output ports are in a structure that the coplanar waveguide 12 is connected with the microstrip feeder line 13, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder line 13 is 50 ohms; the input and output ports are all positioned at the middle point of the side wall of the cavity where the input and output ports are positioned and are distributed in a left-right mirror symmetry manner, and the whole filter structure is also in a left-right mirror symmetry manner; a first slot line 14 and a second slot line 15 are respectively arranged at the tail end of one end of the coplanar waveguide 12 extending into the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 and on the coplanar waveguide 12, an adjustable capacitor 16 is arranged on the second slot line 15, one end of the adjustable capacitor 16 is connected with the coplanar waveguide 12 at the outer side of the slot line 15, the other end of the adjustable capacitor 16 is connected with the coplanar waveguide 12 at the inner side of the slot line 15 and is connected to the first metal copper-clad layer 1 through a second perturbation metallization through hole 17, and the second metallization through hole 17 penetrates through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
The first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are both rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities.
The metallized through hole array 4 is composed of cylindrical or rectangular metallized through holes.
The perturbation metallization through holes 8 and the second perturbation metallization through holes 17 which are positioned in the middle parts of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are cylindrical or cuboid metallization through holes.
The annular groove 9 is a circular, square or rectangular annular groove.
The shape of the through hole at the center of the inductive coupling window 7 may be rectangular or circular.
The tunable capacitors 10 and 16 may be varactor diodes or RF MEMS variable capacitors.
Furthermore, the upper surface and the lower surface of the ferrite are covered with copper sheets, the copper sheets positioned on the lower surface of the ferrite are connected with the first metal copper-clad layer 1, and the copper sheets positioned on the upper surface of the ferrite are connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3, so that the ferrite material is further fixed, and the radiation loss is reduced.
The invention respectively arranges adjustable capacitors at the annular groove parts near the center positions of a first resonant cavity and a second resonant cavity of a second metal copper-clad layer of a substrate integrated waveguide filter, and changes the resonant frequencies of the two resonant cavities by changing the capacitance values of the adjustable capacitors; inserting ferrite materials into the dielectric substrate at the coupling window part connected with the two resonant cavities, and changing the magnetic conductivity parameter of the ferrite by controlling an external bias magnetic field so as to change the coupling strength between the resonant cavities and play a role in adjusting the bandwidth; meanwhile, an adjustable capacitor is loaded on the coplanar waveguide feeder line of the input/output port to adjust the external quality factor, so that the performance of the filter is ensured.
The working mode of the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth provided by the invention is as follows: the two adjustable capacitors 10 respectively control the resonant frequency of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, the capacitance values thereof are both C1, and when the capacitance values C1 of the two adjustable capacitors 10 are increased, the resonant frequency f of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 is increased0All move towards the low-frequency direction; the ferrite 11 controls the inductive coupling strength between the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and along with the increase of the external bias magnetic field strength H, the coupling strength between the two resonant cavities is increased, and the bandwidth of the filter is increased; the capacitance values of the two adjustable capacitors 16 are Cm, and the two adjustable capacitors respectively control the external quality factors of the input and output ports, so that the filter can keep good performance when the frequency and the bandwidth are changed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter is realized by simultaneously adopting electric reconfigurable and magnetic reconfigurable in the substrate integrated waveguide filter and applying the characteristics that the capacitance value of the tunable capacitor is tunable and the equivalent permeability of the ferrite material is changed along with the intensity of an external bias magnetic field, so that the resonant frequency of two substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities can be changed, and the coupling strength and the external quality factor between the resonant cavities can be accurately controlled. Compared with the traditional single-electric reconfigurable substrate integrated waveguide filter, the bandwidth can be flexibly designed, the waveform retention degree of the filter is greatly improved, and the filter has wide application potential in future multi-band, miniaturized and intelligent wireless communication equipment and systems.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth;
FIG. 2 is a top view of an electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth;
FIG. 3 is a graph of transmission characteristics and return loss for stable filtering performance, constant relative bandwidth, and center frequency adjustment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of transmission characteristics and return loss for stable filtering performance, constant center frequency, and relative bandwidth adjustment;
fig. 5 is a graph of transmission characteristics and return loss curves with stable filtering performance and simultaneously adjusted center frequency and relative bandwidth.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
In the embodiment, an electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter structure based on a substrate integrated waveguide is shown in fig. 1, and a Rogers duroid 6002 substrate with a thickness of 0.726mm is adopted as a dielectric substrate 2, and the relative dielectric constant epsilon of the substrate isr2.9, loss tangent tan δ is 0.0012.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are both rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities; the metalized through hole array 4 consists of cylindrical metalized through holes, the diameter of each through hole of the metalized through hole array 4 is 1mm, and the distance between the centers of the adjacent through holes is 1.8 mm; the perturbation metalized through holes 8 positioned in the middle parts of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are cylindrical metalized through holes; the annular groove 9 is a circular groove; the through hole positioned in the center of the inductive coupling window 7 is in a cuboid shape; the ferrite 11 is microwave Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) ferrite; copper sheets are covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ferrite, and the copper sheets positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the ferrite are respectively connected with the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 in a welding mode, so that the ferrite material is further fixed, and the radiation loss is reduced; the input and output ports are all in a structure that the coplanar waveguide 12 is connected with the microstrip feeder line 13 and are respectively positioned at the middle point of the side wall of the cavity where the coplanar waveguide 12 is positioned; the adjustable capacitors 10 and 16 are varactors with capacitance values C1 and Cm, respectively.
The specific structural size of the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth is marked as shown in fig. 2, and specific corresponding parameters are shown in the following table:
the working mode of the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency and bandwidth is as follows: the two varactor diodes 10 respectively control the resonant frequencies of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and when the capacitance values C1 of the two varactor diodes 10 are increased, the resonant frequencies of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 move towards the low frequency direction; the ferrite 11 controls the inductive coupling strength between the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and along with the increase of the external bias magnetic field strength H, the coupling strength between the two resonant cavities is increased, and the bandwidth of the filter is increased; in addition, the external quality factor of the filter can be changed by adjusting the capacitance value Cm of the varactor diode 16, and the return loss and the transmission characteristic of the filter are adjusted to ensure the stability of the performance of the filter.
Under the condition of determining the relevant parameters, through electromagnetic simulation, the transmission characteristic of the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth is shown in fig. 3-5, fig. 3 shows that the filter has stable performance and constant relative bandwidth, and the transmission characteristic and the return loss curve when the central frequency is adjusted, and as can be seen from the figure, when the relative bandwidth is kept to be about 2.7%, the central frequency tuning range of the passband of the filter is 8.14GHz to 10.97GHz, the variation range of the insertion loss is 0.9dB to 1.1dB, and the return loss is kept below 15 dB; fig. 4 shows the transmission characteristics and the return loss curve of the filter with stable performance and constant center frequency when adjusting the relative bandwidth, and it can be seen from the graph that when the center frequency of the pass band is kept constant at 8.83GHz, the relative bandwidth adjustment range is from 1.7% to 3.51%, the variation range of the insertion loss is from 0.62dB to 1.1dB, and the return loss is kept below 10 dB; fig. 5 shows the transmission characteristics and the return loss curve when the filter has stable performance and the center frequency and the relative bandwidth are adjusted simultaneously, the pass band frequency tuning range of the filter is from 6.15GHz to 10.75GHz, the frequency adjusting range reaches 43%, the absolute bandwidth adjusting range is from 51MHz to 360MHz, the corresponding relative bandwidth adjusting range is from 0.83% to 3.35%, the variation range of the insertion loss is from 0.56dB to 0.66dB, and the return loss is kept below 17 dB.
The electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency bandwidth can not only realize the tuning of the center frequency of the filter in a wider frequency range, but also adjust the bandwidth of the filter, and has the advantages of stable filtering performance, controllable passband performance, low insertion loss and the like. By adjusting the capacitance value parameter and the external bias magnetic field intensity parameter of the designed variable capacitance diode, the invention can realize the electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with various frequency, bandwidth and filtering performance requirements.
Claims (8)
1. An electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter with adjustable frequency and bandwidth comprises a dielectric substrate 2 for realizing substrate integrated waveguide, wherein a first metal copper-clad layer 1 covers the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 2, and a second metal copper-clad layer 3 covers the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2; a metalized through hole array 4 penetrating through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 is arranged on the dielectric substrate 2;
the metallized through hole array 4, the first metal copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3 jointly enclose a first resonant cavity 5 and a second resonant cavity 6 which are connected, and the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 are both rectangular substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavities and are mutually coupled through an inductive coupling window 7;
a through hole is formed in the center of the inductive coupling window 7, the through hole is formed in the dielectric substrate 2, a ferrite 11 is placed in the through hole, the shape of the ferrite 11 is matched with that of the through hole, and the thickness of the ferrite 11 is the same as that of the dielectric substrate 2;
a perturbation metallization through hole 8 is respectively arranged in the middle of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and the perturbation metallization through hole 8 penetrates through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3;
two annular grooves 9 are formed in the second metal copper-clad layer 3, the two annular grooves 9 are respectively located in the middle of the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6, and an adjustable capacitor 10 is respectively arranged on the two annular grooves; one end of the adjustable capacitor 10 is connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3 outside the annular groove 9, and the other end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3 inside the annular groove 9 and connected to the first metal copper-clad layer 1 through the perturbation metalized through hole 8.
2. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: an input/output port is arranged on the second metal copper-clad layer 3, the input/output port adopts a structure that the coplanar waveguide 12 is connected with the microstrip feeder line 13, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip feeder line 13 is 50 ohms; the input and output ports are all positioned at the middle point of the side wall of the cavity where the input and output ports are positioned and are distributed in a left-right mirror symmetry manner; the tail end of one end of the coplanar waveguide 12 extending into the first resonant cavity 5 and the second resonant cavity 6 and the coplanar waveguide 12 are respectively provided with a first slot line 14 and a second slot line 15, the second slot line 15 is provided with an adjustable capacitor 16, one end of the adjustable capacitor 16 is connected with the coplanar waveguide 12 outside the slot line 15, the other end of the adjustable capacitor 16 is connected with the coplanar waveguide 12 inside the slot line 15 and is connected to the first metal copper-clad layer 1 through a second perturbation metallization through hole 17, and the second metallization through hole 17 penetrates through the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the dielectric substrate 2 and the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
3. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metallized through hole array 4 is composed of cylindrical or rectangular metallized through holes.
4. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the perturbation metalized through holes 8 and the second perturbation metalized through holes 17 are cylindrical or cuboid metalized through holes.
5. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the annular groove 9 is a circular, square or rectangular annular groove.
6. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 2, characterized in that: the through hole at the center of the inductive coupling window 7 is rectangular or circular.
7. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 2, characterized in that: the tunable capacitors 10 and 16 are varactor diodes or RF MEMS variable capacitors.
8. A frequency and bandwidth tunable electromagnetic two-dimensional reconfigurable filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper surface and the lower surface of the ferrite 11 are both covered with copper sheets, the copper sheets positioned on the lower surface of the ferrite 11 are connected with the first metal copper-clad layer 1, and the copper sheets positioned on the upper surface of the ferrite 11 are connected with the second metal copper-clad layer 3.
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| CN109473756B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-01-31 | 西安电子科技大学 | kinds of fully reconfigurable differential filter |
| CN110544822B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-08-25 | 西安电子科技大学 | Ka-band miniaturized filtering antenna based on SIW structure |
| CN111342216B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-06-17 | 中天宽带技术有限公司 | Beam width reconfigurable antenna |
| CN111403861B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-04-13 | 电子科技大学 | UIR loaded three-order dual-passband substrate integrated waveguide filter |
| CN112466854B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2024-03-01 | 昆山鸿永微波科技有限公司 | Silicon-based filter chip and frequency offset correction method thereof |
| CN112736382B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-12-03 | 电子科技大学 | Switchable reconfigurable duplexer/band-pass filter |
| CN113506969A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-10-15 | 电子科技大学 | X-waveband magnetic control coupling coefficient adjustable directional coupler |
| CN113725570B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-09-06 | 北京邮电大学 | High-selectivity electrically-reconfigurable SIW band-pass filter and preparation method thereof |
| CN116315540B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-04-02 | 电子科技大学 | Design method of frequency bandwidth reconfigurable filter |
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| CN105789785B (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-07-06 | 成都九洲迪飞科技有限责任公司 | Centre frequency and the adjustable substrate integral wave guide filter of bandwidth |
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| CN103427138A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-12-04 | 电子科技大学 | Multilayer hexagonal substrate integrated waveguide filter |
| CN204067525U (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-31 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of substrate integration wave-guide tunable filter loading PIN pipe |
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