CN108802202A - A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108802202A CN108802202A CN201810523078.XA CN201810523078A CN108802202A CN 108802202 A CN108802202 A CN 108802202A CN 201810523078 A CN201810523078 A CN 201810523078A CN 108802202 A CN108802202 A CN 108802202A
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- probe
- ultrasonic wave
- wave
- tandem
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical fields of non-destructive detection device research, are related to a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and method, mainly utilize ultrasonic listening casting and its weldment crack defect.The present invention is transmitting probe using two probes, one of probe transmitting signal, another probe received signal is receiving transducer;Transmitting probe emits ultrasonic wave, when ultrasonic wave encounters crack defect, the waveform that oscillography screen receives will change, during detection, the ultrasonic wave of transmitting probe transmitting forms endpoint diffracted wave at crackle endpoint, and diffracted wave is received by receiving transducer, detection continuous in different directions, when two probes are symmetrical about plane where crackle, diffraction wave amplitude is maximum;Maximum amplitude is captured eventually by oscillography screen, measures the velocity of sound and sound path, determines the position where crackle and depth.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of non-destructive detection device research, are related to a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and side
Method mainly utilizes ultrasonic listening casting and its weldment crack defect.
Background technology
Ultrasonic inspection belongs to one kind of nondestructive testing, for the defect inside detection workpieces.In non-destructive test workpiece
Structure and performance in the case of, using characteristics such as the reflection of ultrasonic wave, transmission, diffraction, resonance, detection inside workpiece stomata,
Be mingled with, shrinkage cavity, crackle the defects of.Fracture mechanics is studies have shown that defect, such as crackle, incomplete fusion etc. with plane characteristic, tool
Have great harmfulness, inside workpiece crack propagation for pressure vessel may bringing on a disaster property consequence.Therefore it is split to eliminate
Line defect, the extension depth for accurately measuring crack defect are particularly important.
The method of conventional Ultrasound wave measurement crack depth mainly has shear wave endpoint reflection echo method and shear wave relative sensitivity
Method.Shear wave endpoint reflection echo method is and very big to shallow face crack detecting error since measurement accuracy is not high, and the scope of application has
Limit;Shear wave relative sensitivity method reduces 20dB by the highest wave amplitude that measures and determines indicated value, with actual defects feature exist compared with
Big error cannot accurately reflect the actual grade of defect.
Invention content
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus of present invention offer and method use mainly for detection of crack growth depth
Two probes, one of probe transmitting signal are transmitting probe, another probe received signal is receiving transducer;Transmitting probe
Emit ultrasonic wave, when ultrasonic wave encounters crack defect, the waveform that oscillography screen receives will change, the process of detection
In, the ultrasonic wave of transmitting probe transmitting forms endpoint diffracted wave at crackle endpoint, diffracted wave is received by receiving transducer, in difference
Continuously detected on direction, when two probes are symmetrical about plane where crackle, diffraction wave amplitude is maximum, by the sound path of measurement and
Probe spacing can calculate crack depth.
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and method, including transmitting probe, receiving transducer, connecting rod, pushing hands, oscillography
Screen;Transmitting probe is for emitting ultrasonic wave;The ultrasonic wave of transmitting probe transmitting forms endpoint diffracted wave at crackle endpoint;It receives
Probe is for receiving the endpoint diffracted wave;Connecting rod offers card slot;The both ends of card slot are installed transmitting probe and are received respectively
Probe, using stop screw fixed transmission probe and receiving transducer;In pushing hands installation and connecting rod, the operator in detection process
Pushing hands is pushed, to drive transmitting probe in connecting rod and receiving transducer to be detected in workpiece searching surface;Oscillography screen passes through electricity
Cable is connect with transmitting probe and receiving transducer, for showing the ultrasonic signal received.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, transmitting probe shear wave probe identical with receiving transducer selected angle.
In order to preferably realize the present invention, transmitting probe and receiving transducer can be free to slide in the card slot of connecting rod.
A kind of application method of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, includes the following steps,
Step S001 debugs ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, it is ensured that device horizontal linearity is qualified with vertical linearity, according to tested work
The actually detected demand of part selects the transmitting probe and receiving transducer of appropriate angle;When measured workpiece depth of defect is less than 100mm
When, select the angle of transmitting probe and receiving transducer to be less than or equal to 45 °;When measured workpiece depth of defect is more than or equal to 100mm
When, select the angle of transmitting probe and receiving transducer to be more than 45 °.
The distance between transmitting probe and the receiving transducer adjusted on ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus is setting value;Setting value
For one times of span, one times of span refers to the transmitting probe of different angle and receiving transducer can transmit the maximum horizontal range of signal, visits
Head refraction angle is bigger, and investigative range is deeper, and span is smaller.Probe spacing is changed by stop screw, and probe spacing can be small
In or equal to one times of span.Signal cannot be then received when more than one times of span, one can be received when less than one times of span
Signal in point depth and spacing range, investigative range when one times of span are maximum.
Couplant is coated on the surface of measured workpiece, mobile ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus simultaneously contacts the measured workpiece table
Face pushes pushing hands that entire ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus is made at the uniform velocity to be moved along measured workpiece surface, and the speed of pushing hands movement is low
In 75mm/s;Transmitting probe emits ultrasonic wave, and forms endpoint diffracted wave;
Step S002, receiving transducer receives the endpoint diffracted wave, and is sent to the oscillography of the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus
Screen, observes the waveform that the oscillography screen is shown, judges whether the measured workpiece has according to the waveform variation on the oscillography screen
It is defective, if so then execute depth of defect verification step, if otherwise continuing to move to the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus to described
The other positions on measured workpiece surface execute detection.
Step S003, depth of defect confirms, if detecting crack defect on measured workpiece surface, in each side of defective locations
To ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus is continued to move to, highest wave amplitude is found, the highest wave amplitude shown according to oscillography screen determines the work
The depth of part crackle.
At this defective locations, transmitting probe is symmetrical relative to plane where crackle with receiving transducer, by measuring the velocity of sound
And sound path, the relationship of determining probe positions, calculate position and the depth of crackle.
The propagation sound path of diffracted wave is, wherein L is the incidence point spacing of transmitting probe and receiving transducer, as one times across
Away from;H is vertical range of the crack tip to searching surface, and X is distance of the crack tip surface projection point to L/2;As X=0,
The promising minimums of diffracted wave sound path S, i.e., sound path is minimum when two probes are symmetrical relative to plane where crackle, and what is obtained at this time spreads out
Ejected wave relative to it is asymmetric when have maximum amplitude measure the velocity of sound and sound path, i.e., by capturing maximum amplitude on oscillography screen
It can determine the position where crackle and depth.
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus for detecting crack growth depth provided by the invention, can be according to practical inspection
That tests needs to select the transmitting probe and receiving transducer of different incidence angles, in detection process, when two probes are about where crackle
When plane is symmetrical, diffraction wave amplitude highest calculates crack growth depth by measuring sound path with the velocity of sound at this time.The device of the invention
And application method can detect the different crackles for extending depth, measurement error is small, high certainty of measurement, solves crack defect and is difficult to
Positioning and quantitative problem.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is ultrasonic propagation schematic diagram;
In following figure, 1, transmitting probe;2, receiving transducer;3, connecting rod;4, pushing hands;5, oscillography screen;6, stop screw;7, work
Part.
Specific implementation mode
This patent is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus and method, as shown in Figure 1, including transmitting probe 1, receiving transducer 2, connecting rod
3, pushing hands 4, oscillography screen 5;The shear wave probe identical with 2 selected angle of receiving transducer of transmitting probe 1, wherein transmitting probe 1 emit
Ultrasonic wave;The ultrasonic wave that transmitting probe 1 emits forms endpoint diffracted wave at crackle endpoint;2 receiving endpoint diffraction of receiving transducer
Wave;Connecting rod 3 offers card slot;Transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 are installed in the both ends of the card slot of connecting rod 3 respectively, and emit and visit
First 1 and receiving transducer 2 can be free to slide in card slot, using 6 fixed transmission of stop screw probe 1 and receiving transducer when detection
2;Pushing hands 4 is fixedly mounted in connecting rod 3, and operator pushes pushing hands 4 in detection process, to drive the hair in connecting rod 3
Probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 is penetrated to detect in 7 searching surface of workpiece;Oscillography screen 5 passes through cable and transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2
Connection, for showing the ultrasonic signal received.
The application method of apparatus of the present invention includes the following steps:
Debug ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, it is ensured that device horizontal linearity is qualified with vertical linearity, according to the reality of measured workpiece
Detection demand selects the transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 of appropriate angle, when detecting 7 depth of defect of workpiece less than 100mm, choosing
The angle for selecting transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 is less than or equal to 45 °;When detecting 7 depth of defect of workpiece more than or equal to 100mm,
The angle of transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer 2 is selected to be more than 45 °;Receiving transducer 2 is fixed in the card slot of 3 one end of connecting rod, is sent out
It penetrates probe 1 to be placed in the card slot of 3 other end of connecting rod, and can be free to slide in card slot.
Mobile transmitting probe 1 tightens the fixation of stop screw 6 at transmitting probe 1 and 2 one times of span positions of receiving transducer
Transmitting probe 1.
Detect workpiece, in the couplant of 7 one layer of uniform thickness of surface smear of workpiece, push pushing hands 4 make whole device along
7 surface of workpiece is at the uniform velocity moved, and the speed that pushing hands 4 is moved is less than 75mm/s, and the waveform on oscillography screen 5 is observed in moving process, when
When waveform changes, then illustrate to have detected defect at this time.
Defective locations are judged, as shown in Fig. 2, the propagation sound path of diffracted wave is, wherein L is transmitting probe 1 and receiving transducer
2 incidence point spacing, as one times of span;One times of span, which refers to the transmitting probe 1 of different angle and receiving transducer 2, can transmit signal
Maximum horizontal range, probe refraction angle it is bigger, investigative range is deeper, and span is smaller.Probe spacing is changed by stop screw 6
Become, probe spacing can be less than or equal to one times of span.Signal cannot be then received when more than one times of span, is less than one times of span
When can receive signal in a part of depth and spacing range, investigative range when one times of span is maximum.H is crack tip
To the vertical range of searching surface, X is distance of the crack tip surface projection point to L/2;As X=0, diffracted wave sound path S is promising
Minimum, i.e., sound path is minimum when two probes are symmetrical relative to plane where crackle, and the diffracted wave obtained at this time is relative to non-right
When title there is maximum amplitude to measure the velocity of sound and sound path by capturing maximum amplitude on oscillography screen 5, you can to determine crackle
The position at place and depth.
If judging to detect crack defect on 7 surface of workpiece, pushing hands 4 is moved by all directions, finds highest wave amplitude,
At this position, transmitting probe 1 is symmetrical relative to plane where crackle with receiving transducer 2, by measuring the velocity of sound and sound path, determines
The relationship of probe positions calculates position and the depth of crackle.
A kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus of present invention offer and method use mainly for detection of crack growth depth
Two probes, one of probe transmitting signal are transmitting probe, another probe received signal is receiving transducer;Transmitting probe
Emit ultrasonic wave, when ultrasonic wave encounters crack defect, the waveform that oscillography screen receives will change, the process of detection
In, the ultrasonic wave of transmitting probe transmitting forms endpoint diffracted wave at crackle endpoint, diffracted wave is received by receiving transducer, in difference
Continuously detected on direction, when two probes are symmetrical about plane where crackle, diffraction wave amplitude is maximum, by the sound path of measurement and
Probe spacing calculates crack depth.The device of the invention and application method can detect the different crackles for extending depth, measure
Error is small, high certainty of measurement, solves the problems, such as that crack defect is difficult to position and quantitative.
Technical solution provided herein is described in detail above, embodiment used herein is to the application
Principle and embodiment be expounded, the explanation of above example is only intended to help understand the present processes and its core
Thought is thought;Meanwhile for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the application, in specific implementation mode and model is applied
There will be changes are placed, in conclusion the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, which is characterized in that including transmitting probe, transmitting probe and connecting rod;
The transmitting probe is for emitting ultrasound examination workpiece crack and forming endpoint diffracted wave;
The receiving transducer receives the endpoint diffracted wave;
The connecting rod offers card slot;
The both ends of the card slot are installed by the transmitting probe and the receiving transducer respectively.
2. a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic wave tandem probe dress
It further includes pushing hands to set, and the pushing hands is installed in the connecting rod, and operator pushes pushing hands in detection process, to the company of drive
Transmitting probe and receiving transducer on extension bar are detected in workpiece searching surface.
3. a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitting probe connects with described
Receive the identical shear wave probe of probe selected angle.
4. a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the transmitting probe connects with described
Receiving probe can be free to slide in the card slot.
5. a kind of ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic wave tandem probe dress
It further includes oscillography screen to set, for showing the ultrasonic signal received.
6. a kind of detection method executes detection using the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus described in claim 5, feature exists
In including the following steps:
It is setting to adjust the distance between the transmitting probe and described receiving transducer on the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus
Value;Couplant is coated on the surface of measured workpiece, the mobile ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus simultaneously contacts the measured workpiece table
Face, the transmitting probe emits ultrasonic wave, and forms endpoint diffracted wave;
The receiving transducer receives the endpoint diffracted wave, and is sent to the oscillography screen of the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, sees
The waveform that the oscillography screen is shown is surveyed, judging whether the measured workpiece has according to the waveform variation on the oscillography screen lacks
It falls into, if so then execute depth of defect verification step, is tested to described if otherwise continuing to move to the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus
The other positions of workpiece surface execute detection.
7. detection method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the execution depth of defect verification step includes:Institute
It states defective locations all directions and continues to move to the ultrasonic wave tandem probe apparatus, the highest wave amplitude shown according to the oscillography screen
Determine the depth of the workpiece crack.
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Cited By (4)
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CN111398424A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-07-10 | 国电锅炉压力容器检验有限公司 | Pipeline transverse crack positioning method |
CN112858475A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 东北电力大学 | Photovoltaic panel subfissure detection device and detection method |
CN114062488A (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-18 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Continuous monitoring method for crack depth of roll neck of leveling roll |
CN115656343A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-01-31 | 汕头市超声检测科技有限公司 | Steel rail weld defect positioning method based on serial matrix scanning |
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Cited By (4)
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