CN108800753A - 甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法 - Google Patents

甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法 Download PDF

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CN108800753A
CN108800753A CN201810569158.9A CN201810569158A CN108800753A CN 108800753 A CN108800753 A CN 108800753A CN 201810569158 A CN201810569158 A CN 201810569158A CN 108800753 A CN108800753 A CN 108800753A
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裴栋中
张志杰
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Beijing Hengtai Clean Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法,包括如下步骤:a)将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气进行冷却;b)甲烷尾气送入一级气液分离器,产生包含C2及C2+的冷凝液体和轻组分的混合气体;c)混合气体送至二级换热器进行冷却,分别得到LNG及氮氢气;d)氮氢气送回换热器复温的送入提氢单元得到高纯氢气;e)将提氢尾气合成制取甲烷;f)脱除合成气中含有的水分;g)将合成气中的气体冷却后送入二级气液分离器进行气液分离,分别得到LNG和氢氮尾气。本发明实现甲烷尾气有效利用,减少了原料的消耗,降低了操作成本;经过该工艺回收了尾气中的有效成分,可实现尾气的全部回收,增加了装置收益,具有较好的经济效益。

Description

甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及煤化工行业的甲醇制烯烃领域,特别涉及一种甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法。
背景技术
目前我国已经建成投产的甲醇制烯烃装置超过20套,在建项目也有11套,基于甲醇制烯烃产品气碳一含量低的特点,以及投资和运行成本的要求,所有已投入运行的和在建的甲醇制烯烃项目都只采用丙烯制冷工艺,而不采用丙烯加乙烯的复叠制冷或混合制冷工艺,由于冷剂的限制,甲醇制烯烃产品气分离工艺温度都在-40℃以上,这样碳一与碳二很难有效分离,为了避免乙烯损失,都采用过冷的价格相对较低液体碳三、碳四洗涤吸收,然而,由于甲烷尾气中含有大量氢气和部分氮气,势必降低液相物料的分压,因此在甲烷尾气中还含有气相碳二、碳三或碳四,这些物料最终都与甲烷尾气一起作为燃料气被烧掉,一个典型的甲醇制烯烃装置每年从甲烷尾气损失的乙烯、丙烯及洗涤吸收物料价值在3000万元以上。
对于大多数甲醇制烯烃装置来说,这股甲烷尾气是没有必要作燃料气的,只因没有更好的用途才被迫作为燃料气或以极其便宜的价格送给其它企业,甚至有的企业直接将这股甲烷尾气放火炬白白烧掉。据不完全统计,我国已经投产和在建的甲醇制烯烃装置的下游装置都需要一定量的氢气,这些装置所用的氢气都不是从甲烷尾气制取的,大都采用甲醇制氢,甲醇制氢工艺不仅能耗高,而且消耗大量甲醇原料,产生的解析气几乎没有利用价值,而甲烷尾气中的氢气回收30-40%就足够下游装置之用。另外,我国天然气资源比较匮乏,再加上现在煤改气政策,LNG就更加紧俏。目前尚未有将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气进行回收的装置,类似中国专利CN200810145954.6组合的合成气分离和LNG生产方法及系统,可将将包含一氧化碳、氢和甲烷的进料气流分离成包含一氧化碳和氢的气流和包含甲烷的液化气流,但无法满足将本发明的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气进行回收的需求。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法,可以实现资源的高效充分利用,减少对环境的污染,减少企业原料消耗,具有重大的经济利益和现实意义。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法,包括如下步骤:
a)将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级换热器进行冷却;
b)将经过步骤a)的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级气液分离器,产生包含C2及C2+的冷凝液体和轻组分的混合气体;
c)将经过步骤b)产生的混合气体送至二级换热器进行冷却,形成包含气液两相的混合气液流送入分离单元进行分离,分别得到LNG及氮氢气;
d)将经过步骤c)分离得到的氮氢气送回换热器复温,并通过电加热器加热至常温,送入提氢单元得到高纯氢气和提氢尾气;
e)将经过步骤d)得到的提氢尾气送入甲烷化单元合成制取甲烷;
f)以干燥单元脱除步骤e)合成气中含有的水分;
g)将经步骤f)后的合成气中的气体依次送入一级换热器和二级换热器进行冷却后送入二级气液分离器进行气液分离,分别得到LNG和氢氮尾气。
在一些实施方式中,经步骤g)分离后的氢氮尾气复温后可作为再生气使用。
在一些实施方式中,将经过步骤c)及步骤g)分离得到的LNG返送回换热器复温可得到CNG。
在一些实施方式中,所述甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气中甲烷体积分数为42~54%,氮气体积分数为14~16%,氢气体积分数为20~26%,一氧化碳体积分数为1.2~2.6%,其余的为少量的C2、C3、C4。
在一些实施方式中,所述步骤a)甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级换热器进行冷却至-70~-65℃。由此,可气体中的C2及C2+冷凝成液态。
在一些实施方式中,所述步骤c)中混合气体送至二级换热器冷却至-165~-155℃。由此,可将CNG冷凝成LNG并分离出来。
在一些实施方式中,所述经f)干燥后合成气的露点为-65~-70℃。
在一些实施方式中,所述步骤g)中的合成气中的气体依次送入一级换热器和二级换热器冷却至-165~-155℃。由此,可将CNG冷凝成LNG并分离出来。
在一些实施方式中,所述步骤c)中的分离单元为二级气液分离器或精馏塔。
发明的有益效果是:利用低温分离及提氢装置将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气中的甲烷、氢气及C2及C2+提取出来,实现甲烷尾气有效利用,并将C2及C2+烯烃类液体返回烯烃分离主装置,减少了原料的消耗,降低了操作成本;经过该工艺回收了尾气中的有效成分,可实现尾气的全部回收,增加了装置收益,具有较好的经济效益。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例2的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的装置的流程框图;
图2为图1所示的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的装置的精馏塔的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法,包括如下步骤:
a)将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级换热器冷却至-70~-65℃;甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气中甲烷的体积分数为42~54%,氮气的体积分数为14~16%,氢气的体积分数为20~26%,一氧化碳的体积分数为1.2~2.6%,其余的为少量的C2、C3、C4。
b)将经过步骤a)的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级气液分离器,产生包含C2及C2+的冷凝液体从一级气液分离器的底部输出,轻组分的混合气体从顶部出口排出;
C2及C2+液体经过泵加压,返回换热器复温后,可送至脱甲烷塔塔顶作为塔顶洗涤液。
c)将经过步骤b)产生的混合气体送至二级换热器冷却至-165~-155℃,将其中的绝大多数甲烷液化形成包含气液两相的混合气液流送入精馏塔进行分离,分别得到LNG产品及氮氢混合气;
LNG产品送低温储罐或经冷箱复温后成为CNG产品。
d)将经过步骤c)分离得到的氮氢气送回二级换热器和一级换热器复温,并通过电加热器加热至常温,送入提氢单元得到高纯氢气和提氢尾气;
提氢单元可采用膜提氢、变压吸附提氢等工艺方法,变压吸附设备或膜分离设备可产生纯度为99%以上的氢气。氢气经压缩后送到氢气用户。
e)将经过步骤d)得到的提氢尾气送入甲烷化单元合成制取甲烷;
f)以干燥单元脱除步骤e)合成气中含有的水分,将其露点降至-65~-70℃,具体可采用分子筛吸附工艺脱除合成气中的水分,将其露点降至-70℃;
g)将经步骤f)后的合成气中的气体依次送入一级换热器和二级换热器进行冷却后送入二级气液分离器进行气液分离,分别得到LNG产品和氢氮尾气。
LNG产品与步骤3)产生的LNG产品混合送低温储罐或经冷箱复温后成为CNG产品。氢氮尾气复温后可作为再生气使用。
实施例2
可采用下列装置实现上述甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法。
参照图1和图2,甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的装置包括一级换热器1、二级换热器2、一级气液分离器3、二级气液分离器4、精馏塔5、提氢单元6、甲烷化单元7、干燥单元8、制冷系统9、进气管10、成品天然气输出管线11、混烃输出管线12、尾气输出管线13和塔顶冷凝器14。
进气管10经过一级换热器1与一级气液分离器3的进料端连接,一级气液分离器3的进料端设置在一级气液分离器3的中部。甲醇制烯烃产品气的脱甲烷塔产生的甲烷尾气从进气管10输入,经过一级换热器1冷却至-70~-65℃后,送入一级气液分离器3进行气液分离。一级气液分离器3的顶部设有出气端,底部设有出液端。甲烷尾气中的C2及C2+被冷凝,流向分离器底部,轻组分从顶部出气端排出并送至二级换热器,冷却至-165~-155℃,形成气液两物料相送入精馏塔5进行精馏。
精馏塔5设有进料口51、出气口52、出液口53、制冷进料口54和制冷出料口55。进料口51设置于精馏塔5的中部,出气口52设置于精馏塔5的顶端,出液口53设置于精馏塔5的底端。一级气液分离器3的出气端以管线经二级换热器2与精馏塔5的进料口51连接,进入精馏塔5内的物料进一步分离得到LNG(液化天然气)和氮氢气体。LNG从精馏塔5的出液口53输出,氮氢气体从精馏塔5的出气口52输出。
精馏塔5的出气口52以管线经二级换热器2和一级换热器1后与提氢单元6的进料端连接,氮氢气体进入到提氢单元6进行分离。
提氢单元6设有氢气出料端61和尾气出料端62,提氢单元6可以采用膜提氢、变压吸附提氢等工艺方法分离氢气,可得到纯度为99%以上的氢气,氢气从氢气出料端61输出后经压缩后送到氢气用户。尾气出料端62与甲烷化单元7的进料端连接,尾气出料端62将提氢尾气输送到甲烷化单元7合成制取甲烷。甲烷化单元7的出料端与干燥单元8的进料端连接,干燥单元8的出料端以管线经一级换热器1和二级换热器2后与二级气液分离器4的进料端连接。甲烷化单元7制作的合成气中含有的水分,经过干燥单元8后将其露点降至-65~-70℃,干燥单元8采用分子筛吸附工艺脱除合成气中的水分。干燥单元8输出的物料进入到冷箱经一级换热器1和二级换热器2冷却至-165~-155℃,再送入到二级气液分离器4进行气液分离,分别得到LNG和氢氮尾气。
成品天然气输出管线11分别与精馏塔5的出液口53和二级气液分离器4的出液端连接。精馏塔5的出液口53和二级气液分离器4的出液端输出的是LNG和CNG(压缩天然气)成品,LNG返送回换热器复温可得到CNG(压缩天然气)。成品天然气输出管线11与精馏塔5的出液口53和二级气液分离器4的出液端连接的管线上分别设有控制阀,可控制液体的排出时间和排出量。
尾气输出管线13的一端与二级气液分离器4的气体输出端连接,尾气输出管线13的另一端贯穿二级换热器2和一级换热器1。二级气液分离器4分离出的氢氮尾气返回二级换热器2和一级换热器1复温后可作为再生气使用。
混烃输出管线12与一级气液分离器3的出液端连接。一级气液分离器3冷凝下来的C2及C2+液体经过泵加压,返回换热器复温后,送至烯烃分离主装置回收物料。混烃输出管线12上设有控制阀门,可控制液体的排出时间和排出量。
一级换热器1、二级换热器2、一级气液分离器3、二级气液分离器4和精馏塔5均安装在冷箱内,将需要进行热交换的部件集中在一起,可集中冷量,方便换热。提氢单元6、甲烷化单元7、干燥单元8和制冷系统9均设置在冷箱外。
塔顶冷凝器14设有进气端、出气端和回流端,塔顶冷凝器14的进气端与精馏塔5的出气口52连接,塔顶冷凝器14的出气端与提氢单元6的进料端连接,塔顶冷凝器14的回流端与精馏塔5的上部连接。
制冷系统9的出料端与制冷输出管线91连接,制冷输出管线91贯穿一级换热器1和二级换热器2与制冷进料口54连接。制冷出料口55与制冷回流管线92连接,制冷回流管线92贯穿二级换热器2和一级换热器1与制冷系统9的进料端连接形成制冷回路。制冷系统9可采用复叠制冷、混合冷剂制冷、氮制冷以及膨胀制冷等方式。
本发明利用低温分离及提氢装置将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气中的甲烷、氢气及C2及C2+提取出来,实现甲烷尾气有效利用,并将C2及C2+烯烃类液体返回烯烃分离主装置,减少了原料的消耗,降低了操作成本;经过该工艺回收了尾气中的有效成分,增加了装置收益,具有较好的经济效益。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和氢气的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
a)将甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级换热器进行冷却;
b)将经过步骤a)的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级气液分离器,产生包含C2及C2+的冷凝液体和轻组分的混合气体;
c)将经过步骤b)产生的混合气体送至二级换热器进行冷却,形成包含气液两相的混合气液流送入分离单元进行分离,分别得到LNG及氮氢气;
d)将经过步骤c)分离得到的氮氢气送回换热器复温,并通过电加热器加热至常温,送入提氢单元得到高纯氢气和提氢尾气;
e)将经过步骤d)得到的提氢尾气送入甲烷化单元合成制取甲烷;
f)以干燥单元脱除步骤e)合成气中含有的水分;
g)将经步骤f)后的合成气中的气体依次送入一级换热器和二级换热器进行冷却后送入二级气液分离器进行气液分离,分别得到LNG和氢氮尾气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于,经步骤g)分离后的氢氮尾气复温后可作为再生气使用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于,将经过步骤c)及步骤g)分离得到的LNG返送回换热器复温可得到CNG。
4.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气中甲烷体积分数为42~54%,氮气体积分数为14~16%,氢气体积分数为20~26%,一氧化碳体积分数为1.2~2.6%,其余的为少量的C2、C3、C4。
5.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤a)甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气送入一级换热器进行冷却至-70~-65℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c)中混合气体送至二级换热器冷却至-165~-155℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述经f)干燥后合成气的露点为-65~-70℃。
8.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤g)中的合成气中的气体依次送入一级换热器和二级换热器冷却至-165~-155℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的甲醇制烯烃甲烷尾气制取天然气和和氢气的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤c)中的分离单元为二级气液分离器或精馏塔。
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