CN101539362B - 一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统 - Google Patents

一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统 Download PDF

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CN101539362B
CN101539362B CN2009100218744A CN200910021874A CN101539362B CN 101539362 B CN101539362 B CN 101539362B CN 2009100218744 A CN2009100218744 A CN 2009100218744A CN 200910021874 A CN200910021874 A CN 200910021874A CN 101539362 B CN101539362 B CN 101539362B
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程代京
林明峰
屈杰
王贤钢
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，包括与高压天然气主气流相连通的离心分离器，离心分离器依次与预冷器、第一级重力分离器、第一级膨胀机、第二级重力分离器、干法脱硫器和低温冷却器相连通，低温冷却器的出口分为两路，一路与涡流管相连通，另一路与第二级膨胀机相连通，涡流管的冷端出口与LNG储罐里的蒸气合并后进入深冷器后被液化，被存储在LNG储罐里，第二级膨胀机依次与深冷器、低温冷却器和预冷器相连通，从预冷器引出的工质与涡流管的热端出口工质汇合进入压缩机，从压缩机引出的天然气被送往用户或总能系统。本发明系统自产天然气热气提供再生气，且再生气可净化；天然气液化所需功耗可自给，总能系统能源可综合利用。

Description

一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统
技术领域
本发明属于清洁能源生产领域，涉及能源生产过程中的能量回收领域，即以高压天然气及其它高压富含甲烷气体为原料生产液化天然气的技术，具体涉及一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统。
背景技术
液化天然气是一种公认的清洁能源，在工业中心和人口稠密地区使用液化天然气更具优越性。液化天然气运输方式灵活、方便、成本低。
天然气液化工艺主要是利用外加冷源和自身压力使气态天然气转化为液态的流程，即富含甲烷的天然气，经过脱水、脱酸性气体及重烃组分，然后经过降温，最终得到天然气的液态产品的流程。
对于分布式天然气，主要包括但不局限于边缘小气田天然气、低产气井天然气、油田放空气、离主产井较远分散井口天然气，煤层气、油田伴生气、沼气等许多富含甲烷的气流，其储量十分丰富。若将分布式天然气加工成液化天然气，将会产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种回收天然气原料气的压能，简化净化工艺，利用膨胀过程产生的冷量将部分或全部天然气液化，并结合液化方案应用场合，优化流程，提高包含天然气液化系统在内的总能系统的能源利用效率的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：包括与高压天然气主气流相连通的离心分离器，离心分离器依次与预冷器、第一级重力分离器、第一级膨胀机、第二级重力分离器、干法脱硫器和低温冷却器相连通，低温冷却器的出口分为两路，一路与涡流管相连通，另一路与第二级膨胀机相连通，涡流管的冷端出口与LNG储罐里的蒸气合并后进入深冷器后被液化，被存储在LNG储罐里，第二级膨胀机依次与深冷器、低温冷却器和预冷器相连通，从预冷器引出的工质与涡流管的热端出口工质合并进入压缩机，从压缩机引出的天然气被送往用户或总能系统。
本发明的第一级膨胀机或第二级膨胀机上还连接有发电机或其它动力设备；压缩机引出的天然气并入干法脱硫器出口构成闭式液化循环；压缩机引出的天然气并入第一级膨胀机进口构成闭式液化循环；干法脱硫器需要的再生气流由涡流管的热端出口工质分流出的天然气提供；高压天然气包括本身压力在1.0～70.0MPa的原料气或经外部装置加压的天然气；膨胀机为透平膨胀机、涡流管或膨胀机和涡流管的组合。
由于考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统不用或少用外界的能量，仅需要换热等设备，通过天然气膨胀将温度降低直至液化，同时膨胀过程还可对外输出有用功，所以本能耗水平低，适用于分散气源。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程示意图，其中主要设备说明如下：
离心分离器1，预冷器2，第一级膨胀机3，低温冷却器4，发电机5，第二级膨胀机6，涡流管7，深冷器8，压缩机9，第一级重力分离器10，第二级重力分离器11，干法脱硫器12。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明的实施例并非专指但包含以下示例，根据本发明的所有具体实施例，应当考虑到以提高总能系统能源利用效率，液化系统本身的能量尽量自给，或者用尽量少的外部能量，充分利用液化系统本身的冷源；充分利用应用场合容易获得的冷源，如空气和水等；在恰当的场合可以用简单部件替代复杂部件，如用涡流管替代透平膨胀机，用扩压管代替压缩机等。
实施例1：参见图1，本发明包括与高压天然气主气流相连通的离心分离器1，离心分离器1依次与预冷器2、第一级重力分离器10、第一级膨胀机3、第二级重力分离器11、干法脱硫器12和低温冷却器4相连通，低温冷却器4的出口分为两路，一路与涡流管7相连通，另一路与第二级膨胀机6相连通，涡流管7的冷端出口与LNG储罐里的蒸气27合并后进入深冷器8后被液化，被存储在LNG储罐里，第二级膨胀机6依次与深冷器8、低温冷却器4和预冷器2相连通，从预冷器2引出的工质与涡流管7的热端出口工质24汇合进入压缩机9，从压缩机9引出的天然气被送往用户或总能系统，本实施例在第一级膨胀机3上还连接有发电机5。
高压天然气主气流21首先通过离心分离器1去除其中的固体物和大液滴，经过离心分离器1的高压天然气主气流21进入预冷器2预冷，然后将预冷后的高压天然气主气流21引入第一级重力分离器10去除其中的水和部分烃的凝结物，然后将去除凝结物的高压天然气主气流21引入第一级膨胀机3膨胀，通过膨胀机3的压力和温度都得到降低的高压天然气主气流21进入第二级重力分离器11，高压天然气主气流21在第二级重力分离器11中去除二氧化碳和部分烃的凝结物后进入干法脱硫器12去除硫化氢，将去除硫化氢后的高压天然气主气流21引入低温冷却器4，从低温冷却器4出来的温度得到进一步降低的高压天然气主气流21被分成两路。第一路天然气23引入涡流管7，涡流管7的冷端出口的天然气25与LNG储罐里的蒸气27合并为天然气流26进入深冷器8后被液化，被存储在专用的LNG储罐里，LNG储罐里的蒸气27被引出，与上述涡流管7的冷端出口的天然气25合并。第二路天然气22进入第二级膨胀机6，膨胀降温后的天然气作为深冷器8、低温冷却器4和预冷器2的冷却工质，先后经过深冷器8、低温冷却器4和预冷器2，从预冷器2引出的工质与上述涡流管7的热端出口工质24汇合为天然气流28，天然气流28进入压缩机9，从压缩机9引出的天然气被送往特定用户或总能系统，该循环液化过程属开式循环。上述过程中，膨胀功的主要部分用来驱动压缩机等耗功设备，富余部分可以驱动发电机5，压缩机和发电机由哪一级膨胀机驱动，并非图中专指，也可以是其它搭配。当干法脱硫器12需要再生气流时，再生气流由涡流管7热端出口工质24分流出部分天然气33提供。将离心分离器、一级重力分离器和二级分离器分离出的固体物、凝结物分装后送专业厂处理。
实施例2：与实施例1不同的是从压缩机9引出的天然气经30、31被并入干法脱硫器12出口处，构成闭式液化循环。
实施例3：与实施例1不同的是从压缩机9引出的天然气32(点画线所指)被并入第一级膨胀机3进口处，构成闭式液化循环。
实施列4：与示例2不同的是从压缩机9引出的天然气部分31被并入干法脱硫器12出口处，构成闭式液化循环，同时从压缩机9引出的天然气部分29被送往特定用户或总能系统。
实施例5，与实施例3不同的是从压缩机9引出的天然气部分32被并入第一级膨胀机3进口处，构成闭式液化循环，同时从压缩机9引出的天然气部分29被送往特定用户或总能系统。
按照本发明，分布式天然气主要包括但不局限于、边缘小气田天然气、低产气井天然气、油田放空气、离主产井较远分散井口天然气，煤层气、油田伴生气、石油化工过程气、石油化工火炬气、石油化工放空气等许多富含甲烷的气流，对于井口压力高于管道输送压力的天然气和城市配气站的天然气也包括在内。
按照本发明，膨胀机由透平膨胀机、涡流管，或是膨胀机和涡流管的组合，这样上述膨胀机出口气流就是由涡流管冷端出口气流和透平膨胀机出口气流合并而成；同时，涡流管热端气流可以用做干法脱硫器的再生气。透平膨胀机可是径流式或是轴流式机械。
按照本发明，多级膨胀的级数是指最终被液化的那部分天然气所经历的膨胀过程的数目，天然气膨胀后用作换热器冷源所需膨胀过程不包括在内，因此上述过程天然气液化只经历了两级膨胀。按照本发明所指的多级膨胀并非专指两级膨胀，是包括一级膨胀、两级膨胀或者更多级的膨胀，当然太多的膨胀级就使得液化装置繁杂反而抵消了多级膨胀所创造的经济效果。
按照本发明，工质的混合，最好是压力相当的两股或多股气流进行混合，因此必要时需要增加增压设备，提高低压气体的压力，以便顺利与高压气体混合；或者采用引射器，用高压气体带动低压气体；同时为了更加有利于获得低温天然气气体，提高液化率，经过增压的天然气流需要通过冷却器降温。
按照本发明，根据本发明实施场合的自然条件，用于某些冷却装置的冷却剂可以选用空气、水、或者是已经具有相当冷量的冷天然气、液化天然气或者气液两相的混合物。
按照本发明，低温天然气的冷能梯级利用是指：结合总能系统用低温天然气冷能进行如下一种或多种方式的利用，如发电、制冷、轻烃分离、空气分离、低温破碎、制取干冰等。
本发明利用通过膨胀机的天然气作为液化所需冷却剂，无需另外准备冷却剂；将涡流管的热端天然气流用作干法脱硫器的再生气体，无需外部热源；实现了LNG蒸气的循环液化，并且提高了储罐安全性；可提高总能系统的能源利用效率，根据具体的应用场合，主要是通过为总能系统提供冷源或热源，或者总能系统中的其他系统为液化系统提供冷源；可回收干法脱硫器中再生气携带的杂质，将再生气净化或将杂质送专业厂进行处理；天然气液化所需能量可自给或者用很少的外部能量；工艺简单、流程短、适应性强、设备成本低，液化系统可撬装化。

Claims (7)

1.一种考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：包括与高压天然气主气流相连通的离心分离器(1)，离心分离器(1)依次与预冷器(2)、第一级重力分离器(10)、第一级膨胀机(3)、第二级重力分离器(11)、干法脱硫器(12)和低温冷却器(4)相连通，低温冷却器(4)的出口分为两路，一路与涡流管(7)相连通，另一路与第二级膨胀机(6)相连通，涡流管(7)的冷端出口与LNG储罐里的蒸气(27)合并后进入深冷器(8)后被液化，被存储在LNG储罐里，第二级膨胀机(6)依次与深冷器(8)、低温冷却器(4)和预冷器(2)相连通，从预冷器(2)引出的工质与涡流管(7)的热端出口工质(24)合并进入压缩机(9)，从压缩机(9)引出的天然气被送往用户或总能系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：所述的第一级膨胀机(3)或第二级膨胀机(6)上还连接有发电机(5)或其它动力设备。
3.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：所述的压缩机(9)引出的天然气并入干法脱硫器(12)出口构成闭式液化循环。
4.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：所述的压缩机(9)引出的天然气并入第一级膨胀机(3)进口构成闭式液化循环。
5.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：干法脱硫器(12)需要的再生气流由涡流管(7)的热端出口工质(24)分流出的天然气(33)提供。
6.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：所述的高压天然气包括本身压力在1.0～70.0MPa的原料气或经外部装置加压的天然气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的考虑总能系统的多级膨胀分布式天然气液化系统，其特征在于：所述的膨胀机为透平膨胀机、涡流管或膨胀机和涡流管的组合。
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