CN108796032A - 一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属生物、医药技术领域,涉及重要抗菌药物的药敏试验方法,具体涉及一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,为实现体外常规药敏试验测定替加环素敏感性结果的准确性,本方法采用一种稳定剂消除替加环素药敏实验时存在的影响因素,使替加环素恢复其对病原菌的敏感性,建立了一种简单的可准确测定替加环素对病原菌敏感性的方法。本方法中不需要另加入其他试剂,只需在常规操作基础上,在替加环素纸片或MHA琼脂平板上或微孔板中添加适当体积的复敏液即可完成操作,尤其能解决现有技术替加环素药敏试验中存在的如假耐药现象等的重大问题,并具有操作简便、结果准确且重复性好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属生物、医药技术领域,涉及重要抗菌药物的药敏试验方法,具体涉及一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,本方法用于针对替加环素的药敏试验及其影响因素恢复替加环素抗菌活性。
背景技术
资料显示了由于抗菌药物的不合理使用及滥用,导致细菌对其的耐药率快速上升。根据2015年CHINET中国细菌耐药监测结果显示,自2005年开始,临床分离的革兰阴性杆菌对重要抗菌药物尤其是碳青霉烯类药物的耐药率快速上升;其中,国内30所医院临床分离的肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的耐药率平均值为15%,部分医院可高达50%;鲍曼不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类的耐药率平均值在60%以上,部分医院可高达90%;由于碳青霉烯类药物被业内认为之治疗此类耐药细菌所致感染最有效的抗菌药物,因此,细菌对其耐药可导致临床的抗感染治疗陷入无药可用的困境。
替加环素作为治疗碳青霉烯类耐药菌株所致感染的重要抗菌药物,其药敏试验结果的准确性对临床的抗感染治疗选择具有重要的参考价值。实践显示,目前的有关药敏方法中,由于替加环素理化性质活泼,含多酚基团,易氧化降解或形成差向异构体,不宜在光线及空气中久置;配置后的培养基隔夜存放也会使检测结果升高,其中肉汤较琼脂更容易溶解氧,导致采用常规方法测定其敏感性时往往出现假耐药现象。有研究公开了锰离子对Etest法对替加环素测定结果影响的结果显示,在不动杆菌属、黏质沙雷菌、肺炎链球菌中Etest检测方法的MIC结果较微量肉汤稀释法高,尤其是在鲍曼MIC90高4个稀释倍数;培养基存放时间过长对测定结果影响较大,需使用当天新鲜配制的培养基,肉汤培养基中氧含量较高,存放时间过长由于氧化作用而使替加环素失活;有研究以经典的微量肉汤稀释法为参考方法,比较不同药敏试验方法测定替加环素敏感性发现,肉汤微量稀释法的MIC50/MIC90为1/4mg/l,Vitek系统、Etest、MTS方法测定结果分别为:4/≥8mg/l、2/4mg/l、0.5/2mg/l;以FDA或/EUCAST为判断标准,上述三种药敏方法在测定替加环素敏感性上均存在大误差或重大误差。CHINET中国细菌耐药监测结果显示,某些医院若采用常规纸片扩散法药敏试验测定替加环素的药敏试验,其中介率和耐药率之和可达60%以上,而加上此部分菌株若采用微量肉汤稀释法进行测定,中介率和耐药率均为0%。
为解决上述的药敏问题,本申请的发明人拟通过针对替加环素药敏试验的各种影响因素开展研究,提供一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,该方法中采用了替加环素复敏液,将有助于解决目前替加环素出现的假耐药现象,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供强有力的依据。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,该方法中涉及针对替加环素药敏试验影响因素采用一种稳定剂保持替加环素在不同环境下的稳定性,不易被降解。
本发明的可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法中,为实现体外常规药敏试验测定替加环素敏感性结果的准确性,采用一种稳定剂消除替加环素药敏实验时存在的影响因素,使替加环素恢复其对病原菌的敏感性;建立了一种简单的可准确测定替加环素对病原菌敏感性的方法。
本方法中不需要另加入其他试剂,只需在常规操作基础上,在替加环素纸片或MHA琼脂平板上或微孔板中添加适当体积的复敏液即可完成操作,尤其能解决现有技术替加环素药敏试验中存在的如,假耐药现象等的重大问题。
本发明中所述的稳定剂也称复敏液,本发明的实施例中采用的复敏液为EDTA溶液(乙二胺四乙酸(Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid),EDTA分子量:292.25(按1989年国际相对原子质量)浓度范围为0.02mol/L-2.0mol/L),该复敏液为实验室常用稳定液,可通过市售渠道获得。
具体的,本发明提供了一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,该方法中在替加环素纸片或MHA琼脂平板上或微孔板中添加适当体积的复敏液,使保持替加环素在不同环境下的稳定性,不易被降解;该方法包括步骤:
1,分别选择体外药敏试验方法,进行受试细菌培养,孵育;
2、观察比较含与不含复敏液对替加环素的抑菌圈直径变化的影响;
3、获得可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的复敏液浓度,该复敏液浓度对细菌无抑菌作用,但可消除影响替加环素抗菌活性的影响因素。
本发明中,采用纸片法药敏试验,按下述步骤操作:
1)第一天:划线纯分受试细菌于血琼脂平板上,35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h;
2)第二天:挑取过夜培养的新鲜纯菌落,以2ml生理盐水制备0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液,15分钟内涂布于MHA琼脂表面。干燥15分钟后,用无菌镊子取出替加环素纸片2张,贴于已涂布菌液的琼脂表面;
3)吸取2-20μl的EDTA溶液于其中一张替加环素纸片上;
4)35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h后阅读替加环素的抑菌圈直径,观察并比较含与不含复敏液替加环素纸片的抑菌圈直径的变化;
对实验结果进行分析,结果显示,添加复敏液EDTA溶液浓度范围为100-400μg/片,复敏液对细菌本身并无抑菌作用,但可消除可影响替加环素抗菌活性的各种影响因素,恢复替加环素的抗菌活性(如图1所示);
本发明中,采用琼脂稀释法药敏试验,按下述步骤操作:
1)第一天:划线纯分受试细菌于血琼脂平板上,35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h;
2)第二天:挑取过夜培养的新鲜纯菌落,以2ml生理盐水制备0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液,吸取0.5麦氏浊度菌液300μl于3ml MH肉汤中,以点种仪将稀释后的菌液点种于含系列替加环素浓度的琼脂平板(平板中另含复敏液成分,含量范围为20-500μg/mL);同时点种含系列替加环素浓度但不含复敏液成分的MHA平板作为对照;
3)35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h后阅读替加环素的最低抑菌浓度MIC,观察并比较含与不含复敏液替加环素的MIC值的变化;
对实验结果进行分析,结果显示,将18株肺炎克雷伯菌0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液稀释10倍后接种于含与不含复敏液的系列替加环素浓度MHA琼脂平板上,药敏试验结果显示,在复敏液存在的情况下,18株细菌中有9株细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>8μg/mL下降至≤1μg/mL(如图2所示);
本发明中,采用微量肉汤稀释法和试管稀释法药敏试验,按下述步骤操作:
1)第一天:划线纯分受试细菌于血琼脂平板上,35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h;
2)第二天:挑取过夜培养的新鲜纯菌落,以2ml生理盐水制备0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液,吸取0.5麦氏浊度菌液100μl于10ml CAMHB肉汤中,将稀释后的菌液接种于含系列替加环素浓度的微孔板或试管中(微孔板或试管中另含复敏液成分,含量范围为20-500μg/mL);同时接种含系列替加环素浓度但不含复敏液成分的微孔板或试管作为对照;
3)35℃±2℃大气环境孵育18-24h后阅读替加环素的最低抑菌浓度MIC,观察并比较含与不含复敏液替加环素的MIC值的变化;
对实验结果进行分析,结果显示,将株肺炎克雷伯菌0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液稀释100倍后接种于含与不含复敏液的系列替加环素浓度微孔板中,药敏试验结果显示,在复敏液存在的情况下,细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>16μg/mL下降至1μg/mL(如图3所示);
本发明中,还采用其他药敏试验方法,如:(a)Etest法:该法所用琼脂中的复敏液浓度参考琼脂稀释法;(b)自动化仪器方法;并对实验结果进行分析,药敏试验结果显示,在复敏液存在的情况下,细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性。
本发明提供了一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,本发明中不需要额外的其他试剂,仅在常规操作基础上,在替加环素纸片或MHA琼脂平板上或微孔板中添加适当体积的复敏液即可完成操作,该方法中采用替加环素复敏液,使保持替加环素在不同环境下的稳定性,不易被降解,在复敏液存在的情况下,细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性;本发明解决了目前替加环素药敏试验的重大问题,具有操作简便、结果准确且重复性好等优点。
附图说明
图1显示了纸片扩散法中不同浓度复敏液恢复替加环素抗菌活性实验结果。
图2显示了琼脂稀释法中不同浓度复敏液恢复替加环素抗菌活性实验结果,
其中,左图:不含复敏液;右图:含复敏液。
图3显示了微量肉汤稀释法中不同浓度复敏液恢复替加环素抗菌活性实验结果,
其中,不含复敏液替加环素MIC值:>16μg/mL;含复敏液替加环素MIC值:116μg/mL。
具体实施方式
实施例1:纸片法药敏试验
按美国临床和实验室标准化协会要求进行标准的纸片扩散法药敏试验,将1株肺炎克雷伯菌0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液均匀涂布于Mueller-Hinton琼脂平板上,干燥15分钟后分别贴上替加环素和阿米卡星药敏纸片,经过夜孵育后量取抑菌圈直径,替加环素对该菌常规抑菌圈为18mm(1号纸片),但添加不同浓度的复敏液后(复敏液为EDTA溶液,浓度范围为100-400μg/片)(2-5号纸片),抑菌圈扩大,如4号替加环素的抑菌圈为22mm;为证明复敏液本身并无抑制细菌的作用,在该实验中贴了两张阿米卡星纸片(6和7号),其中6号纸片无任何添加,7号纸片添加与4号纸片相同浓度的复敏液,结果显示,两者抑菌圈均为6mm(纸片本身的直径),提示该浓度复敏液对细菌本身并无抑菌作用,但可消除可影响替加环素抗菌活性的各种影响因素,恢复替加环素的抗菌活性(如图1所示)。
实施例2:琼脂稀释法药敏试验
按美国临床和实验室标准化协会要求进行标准的琼脂稀释法药敏试验,将18株肺炎克雷伯菌0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液稀释10倍后接种于含与不含复敏液的系列替加环素浓度MHA琼脂平板上,药敏试验结果显示,在复敏液存在的情况下,18株细菌中有9株细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>8μg/mL下降至≤1μg/mL(如图2所示)。
实施例3:微量肉汤稀释法药敏试验
按美国临床和实验室标准化协会要求进行标准的微量肉汤稀释法药敏试验,将1株肺炎克雷伯菌0.5麦氏浊度菌悬液稀释100倍后接种于含与不含复敏液的系列替加环素浓度微孔板中,药敏试验结果显示,在复敏液存在的情况下,细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>16μg/mL下降至1μg/mL(如图3所示)。
Claims (9)
1.一种可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的方法,其特征在于,该方法中在替加环素纸片或MHA琼脂平板上或微孔板中添加适当体积的复敏液使保持替加环素在不同环境下的稳定性,不易被降解;
该方法包括步骤:
1)分别选择体外药敏试验方法,进行受试细菌培养,孵育;
2)观察比较含与不含复敏液对替加环素的抑菌圈直径变化的影响;
3)获得可恢复替加环素抗菌活性的复敏液浓度,该复敏液浓度对细菌无抑菌作用,但可消除影响替加环素抗菌活性的影响因素。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的本发明中所述的复敏液也称稳定剂,为EDTA溶液(乙二胺四乙酸(Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid)),其分子量:292.25。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的药敏试验方法选自纸片法药敏试验,琼脂稀释法药敏试验,微量肉汤稀释法和试管稀释法药敏试验或其他药敏试验方法。
4.按权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的纸片法药敏试验中,添加至替加环素纸片上的复敏液EDTA溶液浓度范围为100-400μg/片。
5.按权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的琼脂稀释法药敏试验中,琼脂平板中含复敏液成分的含量范围为20-500μg/mL。
6.按权利要求1或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的微量肉汤稀释法和试管稀释法药敏试验中,微孔板或试管中含复敏液成分的含量范围为20-500μg/mL。
7.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的纸片法药敏试验中,添加的复敏液对细菌本身无抑菌作用,可消除可影响替加环素抗菌活性的影响因素,恢复替加环素的抗菌活性。
8.按权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的琼脂稀释法药敏试验中,在复敏液存在的情况下,试验株细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>8μg/mL下降至≤1μg/mL。
9.按权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的微量肉汤稀释法和试管稀释法药敏试验中,在复敏液存在的情况下,试验株细菌恢复对替加环素的敏感性,其MIC值从>16μg/mL下降至1μg/mL。
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