CN108794354A - 一种多官能团化的(z)-硝酮类化合物及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多官能团化的(z)-硝酮类化合物及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108794354A
CN108794354A CN201810525239.9A CN201810525239A CN108794354A CN 108794354 A CN108794354 A CN 108794354A CN 201810525239 A CN201810525239 A CN 201810525239A CN 108794354 A CN108794354 A CN 108794354A
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nitrone compound
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nitrone
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赵洪武
郭家明
王立茹
丁晚秋
杜娟
冯宁宁
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Beijing University of Technology
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Abstract

一种多官能团化的(Z)‑硝酮类化合物及制备方法,属于化合物的制备技术领域。具体为以α‑卤代腙与亚硝基化合物为反应物,并加入碱添加剂,在极性有机溶剂中,室温下反应得到产物硝酮化合物。该合成方法高效简洁、操作简单、反应条件温、底物普适性好,化学产率较高和立体选择性性优秀,且所涉及的原料容易制备,成本低,无污染。这是一种全新的高效合成具有潜在生物活性的多官能团化的(Z)‑硝酮化合物的方法。

Description

一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物及制备方法
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,属于化合物的制备技术领域。
背景技术
硝酮类化合物具有广泛的生物活性和药用价值,如抗血小板凝聚、抗氧化、抗自由基、降血脂等药理功效。据文献报道,间苯二磺酸钠硝酮具有自由基清除能力,能够抑制血小板聚集,防止动脉血栓的形成;吡嗪硝酮能够阻断钙离子通道,保护缺血缺氧造成的心脏和脑部细胞损伤;川芎嗪硝酮具有活血化瘀的功效,在临床上用于治疗缺血性脑中风。目前,用于直接立体选择性地构建高度多能团化的硝酮类化合物有机合成方法非常有限,仍然存在巨大的发展空间。因此,设计和发展新型、高效、环境友好、反应条件温和操作简便的有机合成方法,用于立体选择地构建结构多样性和复杂性的硝酮类化合物,对于丰富和发展硝酮类化合物有机合成方法学和研究硝酮类候选药物都具有十分重要的意义。
α-卤代腙作为重要的有机合成砌块,在合成各类含氮杂环化合物中有广泛地应用。在碱的催化作用下,α-卤代腙通过分子内1,4-消除反应生成1,2-二氮杂-1,3-丁二烯中间体,该中间体具有高度的化学反应活性。作为四原子的含氮合成子,1,2-二氮杂-1,3-丁二烯能够和各类偶极或偶极受体发生[4+1]、[4+2]、[4+3]等环加成反应,用于构建大小不等的各类含氮杂环体系。同时,亚硝基化合物作为重要的有机合成中间体,在合成各类含氮杂环化合物中,也有十分广泛和重要的应用。本发明利用α-卤代腙和亚硝基化合物的Michael加成反应,高效简洁地合成了结构复杂多样的硝酮类化合物。该反应具有反应条件温和、操作简单、化学收率高和立体选择性优秀等特点。本发明的多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物具有优势的药物骨架结构,其化学结构类药性极强,具有潜在的活血化瘀、降血脂和治疗缺血性脑中风等生物活性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采取的技术方案是:
一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的结构式为:
其中,R1为芳基、酯基或叔丁基;R2为烷基、甲氧基、苯基、叔丁基、乙酰吡啶基或者对甲苯磺酰基。
上述的芳基是指苯基或具有1~2个取代基的苯基。例如:一取代苯基、二取代苯基。
上述苯基上的取代基选自:烷基、甲氧基、氟、氯、溴、硝基中的一种或两种。
烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基等。
上述多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,所述制备方法为:以α-卤代腙和亚硝基化合物为反应底物,并加入碱添加剂,在极性为2~6的有机溶剂中,室温下反应,得到产物多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物,立体选择性优秀。优选所述α-卤代腙与亚硝基化合物的摩尔比为1:1.2。
上述技术方案中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、甲醇、乙腈、乙醚或三氯甲烷。
上述技术方案中,所述酸碱添加剂选自:碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、三乙胺、二氮杂二环中的一种或几种。
上述技术方案中,所述反应时间为20小时~36小时。
上述技术方案中,所述酸碱添加剂的用量为α-卤代腙化合物摩尔量的200%。
上述技术方案中,反应过程包括向反应瓶中加入α-卤代腙化合物、亚硝基化合物以及有机溶剂,加入碱添加剂搅拌,使用TLC检测反应进程,反应结束后,粗产物通过简单的柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比1.5:1~2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物。
本发明中,α-卤代腙化合物的制备方法属于现有技术,其结构式如下所示:
R1为芳基、酯基或叔丁基;R2为烷基、甲氧基、苯基、叔丁基、乙酰吡啶基或者对甲苯磺酰基;X为氟、氯、溴。
本发明中,亚硝基化合物的制备方法属于现有技术,其结构式如下所示:
本发明公开的反应过程如下所示:
由于上述技术方案运用,本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点:
1.本发明首次提供了以α-卤代腙化合物和亚硝基化合物为反应底物,利用碱作为添加剂制备多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的方法;该合成方法具有高效简洁、操作简单、反应条件温、化学产率较高和立体选择性性优秀等优点。
2.本发明所公开的制备方法中采用碱作为添加剂,分离纯化简单。
3.本发明所公开的方法底物普适性好,化学收率高。
4.本发明所涉及的原料容易制备,成本低,无污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
称取1a(56.80mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3aa(54.40mg),得率为87%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.95-10.31(m,1H),8.15-8.08(m,1H),7.82(s,2H),7.61-7.52(m,5H),6.90(s,2H),3.82(s,3H),2.38-2.04(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.4,160.9,146.8,138.0,131.5,131.1,129.5,129.1,128.6,121.9,114.1,55.4,20.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C17H18N3O3[M+H]+理论计算值312.13427,实测值312.13364。
实施例2:
称取1b(53.60mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ba(49.90mg),得率为85%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ11.02-10.39(m,1H),8.16-8.08(m,1H),7.82(s,2H),7.56(s,5H),7.21(s,2H),2.40-2.04(m,6H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.5,146.8,139.9,138.1,133.0,131.5,131.1,129.4,127.1,121.9,21.3,20.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C17H18N3O2[M+H]+理论计算值296.13935,实测值296.13876。
实施例3:
称取1c(66.40mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ca(63.50mg),得率为88%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.99-10.35(m,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.82(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),7.54(s,7H),2.38-2.13(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.4,146.7,136.8,134.7,131.9,131.7,130.3,129.5,128.6,124.1,121.9,31.6,22.6,20.4,14.1ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H15BrN3O2[M+H]+理论计算值360.03422,实测值360.03363。
实施例4:
称取1d(57.60mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3da(54.40mg),得率为86%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ11.00-10.33(m,1H),8.06(s,1H),7.83(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.62-7.55(m,5H),7.40(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.43-2.18(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ146.8,135.8,134.3,131.7,130.4,129.5,128.9,128.4,121.9,20.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H15ClN3O2[M+H]+理论计算值316.08473,实测值316.08423。
实施例5:
称取1e(54.40mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ea(51.40mg),得率为86%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.97-10.33(m,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.82(s,2H),7.66(s,2H),7.53(s,3H),7.08(s,2H),2.37-2.10(m,3H)ppm;13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.4,164.9,162.4,146.8,137.1,131.9,131.6,130.6,129.5,129.1,121.8,121.4,115.9,115.6,20.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H15FN3O2[M+H]+理论计算值300.11428,实测值300.11359。
实施例6:
称取1f(54.40mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3fa(57.10mg),得率为91%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ11.00-10.37(m,1H),8.08(s,1H),7.83(d,J=4.8Hz,2H),7.67(s,1H),7.54(d,J=6.8Hz,4H),7.39-7.34(m,2H),2.40-2.13(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ146.7,137.6,134.8,131.7,130.3,130.0,129.7,129.5,127.1,125.3,121.9,20.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H15ClN3O2[M+H]+理论计算值316.08473,实测值316.08414。
实施例7:
称取1g(54.40mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌24小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比1.6:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ga(45.00mg),得率为71%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ11.27-10.61(m,1H),8.00(d,J=3.2Hz,1H),7.80-7.74(m,3H),7.53(s,3H),6.96-6.86(m,2H),2.35-2.20(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.4,165.1,162.5,162.2,162.1,159.7,159.6,146.9,133.3,131.7,131.5,129.5,121.9,120.3,112.4,112.2,104.7,104.4,104.2,20.3ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H14F2N3O2[M+H]+理论计算值318.10486,实测值318.10431。
实施例8:
称取1h(59.80mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌24小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比1.6:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ha(52.70mg),得率为81%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ11.06(s,1H),8.69(s,1H),8.25(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),8.01(d,J=6.4,2H),7.92(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),2.51-2.11(m,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ174.0,147.9,147.3,141.8,131.6,129.5,128.5,124.0,122.5,20.9ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C16H15N4O4[M+H]+理论计算值327.10878,实测值327.10812。
实施例9:
称取1i(47.00mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌24小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ia(44.03mg),得率为84%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.76-10.07(m,1H),7.89(s,1H),7.72(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.49(d,J=7.2Hz,3H),2.27-2.02(m,3H),1.27(s,9H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ174.7,147.2,147.1,131.2,131.0,129.4,121.8,60.3,38.0,28.9,20.3,14.2ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C14H20N3O2[M+H]+理论计算值262.15500,实测值262.15457。
实施例10:
称取1j(53.60mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌20小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ja(59.80mg),得率为88%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ10.37(s,1H),8.72(s,1H),8.01(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=4.0Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=6.8Hz,3H),7.43(s,3H),1.50(s,9H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ153.3,146.9,140.5,135.8,132.3,131.6,129.7,129.6,128.9,127.5,122.6,81.0,28.4ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C19H22N3O3[M+H]+理论计算值340.16557,实测值340.16458。
实施例11:
称取1k(54.80mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌36小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3ka(35.10mg),得率为51%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6):δ12.06(s,1H),8.88-8.80(m,3H),8.06(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),7.82(d,J=17.2Hz,4H),7.63(s,3H),7.49(s,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6):δ151.0,147.0,135.4,133.0,131.8,130.5,129.7,129.1,128.0,122.7,121.8ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C20H17N4O2[M+H]+理论计算值345.13460,实测值345.13391。
实施例12:
称取1l(64.56mg,0.2mmol)、2a(25.70mg,0.24mmol)溶于1mL干燥的DCM,再加入碳酸钠(42.40mg,0.4mmol),混合液在室温下搅拌24小时(用TLC检测反应),待反应完全后,粗产物经过柱层析(洗脱剂选为体积比2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液)即可得到目标产物3la(70.30mg),得率为89%。
目标物的表征及分析:黄色固体,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3):δ10.86(s,1H),8.19(s,1H),7.92(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.77(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.62-7.60(m,2H),7.57-7.50(m,3H),7.37(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),7.28(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),2.37(s,3H)ppm;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):δ146.2,143.9,141.8,135.7,134.9,133.4,131.8,129.9,129.8,129.6,129.6,129.0,128.7,128.0,127.3,126.0,124.8,122.0,120.5,21.6ppm;HRMS(ESI)m/z:C21H20N3O3S[M+H]+理论计算值394.12199,实测值394.12100。
以上结果可以看出,本发明公开的制备方法反应条件温和,后处理简单,立体选择性优秀,并且合成的绝大多数目标物具有优秀的化学产率。

Claims (9)

1.一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物,其结构式为
其中,R1为芳基、酯基或叔丁基;R2为烷基、甲氧基、苯基、叔丁基、乙酰吡啶基或者对甲苯磺酰基;
上述的芳基是指苯基或具有1~2个取代基的苯基;上述苯基上的取代基选自:烷基、甲氧基、氟、氯、溴、硝基中的一种或两种。
2.按照权利要求1所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物,其特征在于,烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基。
3.制备权利要求1所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,反应过程包括向反应瓶中加入α-卤代腙化合物、亚硝基化合物以及有机溶剂,加入碱添加剂搅拌进行反应,使用TLC检测反应进程,反应结束后,粗产物通过简单的柱层析即可得到目标产物,洗脱剂选为体积比1.5:1~2:1的石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶液。
4.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述α-卤代腙与亚硝基化合物的摩尔比为1:1.2。
5.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、甲醇、乙腈、乙醚或三氯甲烷。
6.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸碱添加剂选自:碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钾、甲醇钠、三乙胺、二氮杂二环中的一种或几种。
7.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述反应时间为20小时~36小时。
8.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述酸碱添加剂的用量为α-卤代腙化合物摩尔量的200%。
9.按照权利要求3所述的一种多官能团化的(Z)-硝酮类化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,
α-卤代腙化合物,其结构式如下所示:
R1为芳基、酯基或叔丁基;R2为烷基、甲氧基、苯基、叔丁基、乙酰吡啶基或者对甲苯磺酰基;X为氟、氯、溴;
亚硝基化合物结构式如下所示:
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